Transcript electrical engineering

ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING
1729 ELECTRICAL
CONDUCTORS AND
INSULATORS
DISCOVERED
1745 DEVELOPMENT
ST
OF 1 ELECTRICAL
CAPACITOR
1837 THE FIRST
ELECTRIC
TELEGRAPH
1861 THE ELECTRIC OVEN
INVENTED
COMBINATION

WOOD
ELECTRIC
1874 ELECTRIC LIGHT
BULB INVENTED
ST
1
1887
ALTERNATING
CURRENT NETWORK
1904 INVENTION OF THE
DIODE
1929 1ST COHERENT THEORY ON
SEMICONDUCTORS
1943 FIRST
PROGRAMMABLE
ELECTRONIC COMPUTER
1947
TRANSISTOR
INVENTED
1971 1ST MICROPROCESSOR AND
FIRST MICROCOMPUTER
The first computer my brother owned
1979 HANDHELD VIDEO GAMES
AND CELL PHONES INVENTED
Electronic Quarterback was banned
from my high school
Pong console
Show Pong
Bookmarked
Atari 2600 Console
Show asteroids
Bookmarked
1999 FIRST HARD-DRIVE
MP3 PLAYER
ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING
ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING
RELATES BOTH
ELECTRICITY AND
ELECTRONICS
ELECTRONIC VS ELECTRICAL
 ELECTRONIC



MADE WITH
SEMICONDUCTOR
MATERIAL
USUALLY SILICON
EXAMPLES-DIODES,
TRANSISTORS,
RECTIFIERS,
SUPRESSORS
 ELECTRICAL



MADE WITH
CONDUCTOR
MATERIAL
METALS AND
ALLOYS
EXAMPLES- WIRES,
SWITCHES, FUSES
ALLOY
A homogeneous mixture made by
fusing two or more metals, or a metal
and a nonmetal
 To obtain desirable qualities such as
hardness, lightness, and strength
 Brass is a mixture of zinc and copper

ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS

CONVENTIONAL
CURRENT FLOWS
FROM POSITIVE
TERMINAL TO
NEGATIVE TERMINAL

ELECTRON FLOW
OCCURS FROM THE
NEGATIVE TERMINAL
(WHERE THERE IS AN
EXCESS OF
NEGATIVE
ELECTRONS) TO THE
POSITIVE TERMINAL
(WHERE THERE IS A
LACK OF
ELECTRONS)
SYMBOLS FOR CIRCUIT
DIAGRAMS
 BATTERY
 AC
POWER
SUPPLY
DIODE
LED
 TRANSISTOR
 SWITCH
 RESISTOR
 OTHER
SYMBOLS PAGE
460
OBSERVATORY
DIRECT CURRENT


UNIDIRECTIONAL FLOW OF ELECTRIC
CHARGE
ELECTRONS MOVE CONTINUOUSLY IN
THE SAME DIRECTION
ALTERNATING CURRENT


ELECTRONS MOVE BACK AND FORTH IN
A REGULAR PATTERN
VIBRATING MOTION OF ELECTRONS
ALLOW CURRENT TO FLOW
POWER SUPPLY

PROVIDES THE ENERGY THAT CAUSES
THE CURRENT TO FLOW THROUGH THE
CIRCUIT
DISCUSS THE ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES OF EACH OF THE
THREE POWER SUPPLIES
CONDUCTION,
INSULATION AND
PROTECTION
CONDUCTION

Energy (eg. Electrical) transfer from one
material to another by direct contact.

Conductors are materials that allow transfer
to happen. Examples of good conductors are
copper, aluminum, silver and optical fibres.
Transition metals are good
conductors of electricity and
heat.
PRINTED CIRCUITS(EST/AST ONLY)
 ELECTRICAL
CIRCUIT PRINTED
ON A THIN RIGID BOARD
ONE METHOD HAS BOARDS
COVERED WITH COPPER, THE
CIRCUIT IS THEN ETCHED INTO
THE COPPER AND THEN THE
REST OF THE COPPER IS
DISSOLVED AWAY LEAVING JUST
THE CIRCUIT;
ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC
COMPONENTS ARE THEN
SOLDERED INTO HOLES DRILLED
INTO THE BOARDS
MASS MANUFACTURING OF
CIRCUIT BOARDS VIDEO

http://video.google.ca/videosearch?sourceid=
navclient&rlz=1T4ADBS_enCA314CA314&q
=printed%20circuits&um=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&sa=N&tab=iv&start=0#q=HOW+STUFF+W
ORKS+printed+circuits&hl=en&emb=0
INSULATION

THE ELECTRICAL FUNCTION
PERFORMED BY A COMPONENT TO
PREVENT THE FLOW OF AN
ELECTRIC CURRENT

PREVENT INJURY AS WELL AS SHORT CIRCUITS

CERAMIC AND PLASTIC ARE GOOD INSULATORS
PROTECTION

FUSES AND CIRCUIT BREAKERS ARE
EXAMPLES OF PROTECTION
 PROTECTION
IS A
COMPONENT THAT STOPS THE
FLOW OF CURRENT IN THE
EVENT OF A POWER SURGE
ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE
RESISTORS
(EST/AST ONLY)
LIMIT THE
FLOW OF ELECTRONS
THROUGH AN
ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT
RESISTANCE IS
MEASUREDC IN OHMS
READING A RESISTOR




ON 4 BANDS RESISTORS- THE 1ST TWO BANDS
TELL YOU THE FIRST TWO DIGITS OF
RESISTANCE (ex. RED=2; BLUE=6)
THE NEXT BAND TELLS YOU WHAT TO
MULTIPLY THOSE NUMBERS BY (ex. RED=100)
LAST BAND IS TOLERANCE FACTOR (EX.
GOLD= ±5%)
THEREFORE A RESISTOR WITH RED, BLUE,
RED, GOLD WOULD HAVE RESISTANCE OF 2600
ohms ±5%
CONTROL
 The
function performed by a
component that can open or
close a circuit

switches and pushbuttons are examples of
controls
SWITCHES





(EST/AST ONLY)
SINGLE POLE SWITCH OPENS/CLOSES 1
CONTACT AT A TIME
DOUBLE POLE CAN OPEN/CLOSE TWO
CONTACTS AT ONCE
ELECTRONS FOLLOW 1 PATH IN SINGLE
THROW SWITCH
DOUBLE THROW ALLOWS ELECTRONS
TO FOLLOW 1 OF 2 PATHS
P470
SWITCHES
ROCKER
SWITCH
(EST/AST ONLY)
TOGGLE SWITCH
PUSH BUTTON
MAGNETIC CONTACT
ENERGY
TRANSFORMATION(ST/EST/AST ONLY)
CHANGE
OF ONE
FORM OF ENERGY TO
ANOTHER FORM OF
ENERGY
(ST/EST/AST ONLY)

EXAMPLES OF ELECTRICAL
COMPONENTS USED TO TRANSFORM
ELECTRICITY

INCANDESCENT BULBS- NEW FORMLUMINOUS ENERGY
HEATING ELEMENT- NEW FORMTHERMAL ENERGY
PIEZOELECTRIC CRYSTALSNEW FORM – MECHANICAL
OR SOUND ENERGY
ELECTROMAGNETS – NEW FORM OF
ENERGY – MAGNETIC ENERGY
COMPONENTS WITH OTHER
FUNCTIONS (EST/AST ONLY)
 CAPACITORS
 DIODES
 TRANSISTORS
 RELAYS
(
)
AST ONLY
(
)
AST ONLY
CAPACITORS
CAN STORE ELECTRICAL CHARGE
 COMPOSED OF TWO ELECTRICAL
SURFACES SEPARATED BY AN
INSULATOR (BLOCKS THE FLOW OF

ELECTRONS)

CHARGE BUILDS UP ON ONE PLATE,
INSULATOR IS REMOVED AND CHARGE IS
RELEASED ALMOST INSTANTLY
CAPACITOR
 CHARGE
FROM CAMERA
BATTERY BUILDS UP UNTIL
BUTTON IS PRESSED
 FULL CHARGE
IS RELEASED IN
THE FLASH
DIODE
 ALLOWS
ELECTRIC CURRENT
TO FLOW IN ONE DIRECTION
 MADE OF SEMICONDUCTOR
 PROTECTS ELECTRONIC
PARTS FROM HAVING
ELECTRONS FLOW IN THE
WRONG DIRECTION
DIODE
 USED
 LED’S
TO CONVERT AC TO DC
ARE ‘LIGHT EMITTING
DIODES’ THAT GIVE OFF LIGHT
WHEN CURRENT FLOWS
THROUGH THEM
TRANSISTORS (AST ONLY)
 BLOCK
OR AMPLIFY AN
ELECTRIC CURRENT
TRANSISTORS (AST ONLY)
CURRENT FLOWS FROM
COLLECTOR TO EMITTER TO
BASE
 BASE ACTS LIKE A VALVE THAT
ALLOWS CURRENT TO FLOW
FREELY; BLOCK FLOW OR ALLOW
SOMEWHERE IN BETWEEN


CONNECTION BETWEEN TRANSISTORS AND COMPUTERS
P477 OF OBSERVATORY
RELAYS (AST ONLY)

A RELAY OPENS OR CLOSES A
CIRCUIT USING AN ELECTRICAL
SIGNAL FROM ANOTHER CIRCUIT
(THINK RELAY RACE-PASSING ON)
RELAYS (AST ONLY)


COMMONLY USED TO CONTROL HIGH
VOLTAGE CIRCUITS FROM A REMOTE
DISTANCE
LIGHTING IN A THEATRE, HIGH VOLTAGE
APPLIANCES (X-RAY MACHINE)