Transcript REVIEW GAME Electrochemistry and Neurotransmitters

USG Part III:
Electrochemistry
See also the NOTES documents posted online at our wikispace,
the online self-quizzes posted at our wikispace,
and all assignments and materials related to our
Neuron Action Potential Circuit Design Challenge Lab
(especially your Lab Reflection) and your
Ohm’s Law and Electric Power Practice Problems Classwork
Electricity is generated by the movement of charged
particles, in which like charges ___________ one another
and opposite charges _________ one another.
a) repel, repel
b) repel, attract
c) attract, repel
d)repel, repel
Electricity is generated by the movement of charged
particles, in which like charges ___________ one another
and opposite charges _________ one another.
a) repel, repel
b) repel, attract
c) attract, repel
d)repel, repel
Electric charge is measured in ________________
Electric current is measured in _______________
Electric power is measured in ________________
Electric resistance is measured in _____________
Electric potential difference is measured in ________.
Electric charge is measured in Coulombs
Electric current is measured in amperes
Electric power is measured in watts
Electric resistance is measured in ohms (Ω)
Electric potential difference is measured in volts.
How is electric power calculated?
Provide
1. The a mathematical equation in words,
_________________________________
2. The a mathematical equation in one letter symbols,
_________________________________
3. And the mathematical equation in units.
_________________________________
How is electric power calculated?
Provide
1. The a mathematical equation in words,
Power = Current X Voltage
2. The a mathematical equation in one letter symbols,
P= IV
3. And the mathematical equation in units.
watts = amperes X volts
What is Ohm’s Law?
Provide
1. The a mathematical equation in words,
_________________________________
2. The a mathematical equation in one letter symbols,
_________________________________
3. And the mathematical equation in units.
_________________________________
What is Ohm’s Law?
Provide
1. The a mathematical equation in words,
Volts = Current X Resistance
2. The a mathematical equation in one letter symbols,
V= IR
3. And the mathematical equation in units.
volts = amperes X ohms
In a battery-powered circuit, because they have a _______
charge, electrons flow from the ______ to the ______.
a) positive; anode; cathode
b) positive; cathode ; anode
c) negative; anode; cathode
d) negative; cathode ; anode
In a battery-powered circuit, because they have a _______
charge, electrons flow from the ______ to the ______.
a) positive; anode; cathode
b) positive; cathode ; anode
c) negative; anode; cathode
d) negative; cathode ; anode
According to Ohm’s Law, if resistance between two points
increases, current will:
a) decrease
b) increase
c) remain the same.
d) become zero.
According to Ohm’s Law, if resistance between two points
increases, current will:
a) decrease
b) increase
c) remain the same.
d) become zero.
A circuit in which the path is complete, with no gaps is
called a(n) _________________ because the _________ can
flow.
a)open circuit, current
b)open wire, resistance
c)closed circuit, current
d)closed system, resistance
A circuit in which the path is complete, with no gaps is
called a(n) _________________ because the _________ can
flow.
a)open circuit, current
b)open wire, resistance
c)closed circuit, current
d)closed system, resistance
Imagine a simple series circuit with one 1.5V battery and
one bulb. When the 1.5V battery is replaced with a 3V
battery
a)the bulb gets brighter
b)the bulb gets dimmer
c)the bulb stays at the same level of brightness
Imagine a simple series circuit with one 1.5V battery and
one bulb. When the 1.5V battery is replaced with a 3V
battery
a)the bulb gets brighter
b)the bulb gets dimmer
c)the bulb stays at the same level of brightness
In a given circuit, increasing the length of the wire has
which effect?
a) Increases resistance
b) Decreases resistance
c) Increases current
d) Has no affect on resistance or current
e) B and C
In a given circuit, increasing the length of the wire has
which effect?
a) Increases resistance
b) Decreases resistance
c) Increases current
d) Has no affect on resistance or current
e) B and C
How much power is used by a 9-V battery that
produces a 3 amp current?
How much power is used by a 9-V battery that
produces a 3 amp current?
Remember, P= IV ; or watts = amperes X volts.
Thus, in this case, watts = 3 amperes X 9 Volts
= 27 watts
A circuit in which the path has gaps is called a(n)
_________________ and the current __________ flow.
a)open wire, can
b)open circuit, cannot
c)closed circuit, can
d)closed system, cannot
A circuit in which the path has gaps is called a(n)
_________________ and the current __________ flow.
a)open wire, can
b)open circuit, cannot
c)closed circuit, can
d)closed system, cannot
In a given circuit, decreasing the temperature of the wire
has which effect?
a) Increases resistance
b) Decreases resistance
c) Increases current
d) Has no affect on resistance or current
e) B and C
In a given circuit, decreasing the temperature of the wire
has which effect?
a) Increases resistance
b) Decreases resistance
c) Increases current
d) Has no affect on resistance or current
e) B and C
According to Ohm’s Law, if electric potential difference
between two points increases, current will:
a) decrease
b) increase
c) remain the same.
d) become zero.
According to Ohm’s Law, if electric potential difference
between two points increases, current will:
a) decrease
b) increase
c) remain the same.
d) become zero.
You have two light bulbs, one with a rating of 50 watts and
one with a rating of 100 watts. Remember that the voltage
across each would be the same if they were placed in a light
socket. How would the current through each light bulb
compare?
a)Both bulbs would draw the same current.
b)The higher watt bulb would draw less current.
c)The lower watt bulb would draw less current.
d)The lower watt bulb would draw more current.
You have two light bulbs, one with a rating of 50 watts and
one with a rating of 100 watts. Remember that the voltage
across each would be the same if they were placed in a light
socket. How would the current through each light bulb
compare?
a)Both bulbs would draw the same current.
b)The higher watt bulb would draw less current.
c)The lower watt bulb would draw less current.
d)The lower watt bulb would draw more current.
How much power is used when a 3 V battery produces
0.1 amp of current?
How much power is used when a 3 V battery produces
0.1 amp of current?
Remember, P= IV ; or watts = amperes X volts.
Thus, in this case, watts = 0.1 amperes X 3 volts,
= 0.3 watts
Current is measured in _____, resistance in measured in
_____ and power is measured in _____.
a)watts, ohms, amperes
b)amperes, ohms, watts
c)Coulombs, volts, amperes
d)ohms, amperes, watts
e)amperes, ohms, Coulombs
Current is measured in _____, resistance in measured in
_____ and power is measured in _____.
a)watts, ohms, amperes
b)amperes, ohms, watts
c)Coulombs, volts, amperes
d)ohms, amperes, watts
e)amperes, ohms, Coulombs
In a given circuit, increasing the diameter of the wire has
which effect?
a) Increases resistance
b) Decreases resistance
c) Increases current
d) Has no affect on resistance or current
e) B and C
In a given circuit, increasing the diameter of the wire has
which effect?
a) Increases resistance
b) Decreases resistance
c) Increases current
d) Has no affect on resistance or current
e) B and C
What is the resistance of a device if the current through
it is 10 amps and the voltage across it is 5 volts?
What is the resistance of a device if the current through
it is 10 amps and the voltage across it is 5 volts?
Remember, V= IR ; or volts = amperes X ohms
Therefore, R = V ; or ohms = volts
.
I
amperes
Thus, in this case, ohms = 5 volts
= 0.5 ohms
10 amperes
Label the circuit below to show the following:
anode, battery, cathode, direction of electron flow,
resistor, and switch.
LED light
(0.40 Amp, 2.6 Volts)
Label the circuit below to show the following:
anode, battery, cathode, direction of electron flow,
resistor, and switch.
Battery
Anode
Cathode
Electron flow
Switch
Resistor
Electron flow
LED light
(0.40 Amp, 2.6 Volts)
What power is used if a resistance of 100 ohms has a
current of 0.1 amps flowing through it?
What power is used if a resistance of 100 ohms has a
current of 0.1 amps flowing through it?
Remember, P= IV ; or watts = amperes X volts
Here we must first determine the volts before we can solve for watts.
From Ohm’s Law, we know that V= IR ; or volts = amperes X ohms
Thus, in this case, volts = 0.1 amps X 100 ohms = 10 volts.
Substituting this value in our power equation above gives:
watts = 0.1 amperes X 10 volts = 1 watt
What is the power used in a device if the resistance is 100
ohms and the voltage across it is 4V?
What is the power used in a device if the resistance is 100
ohms and the voltage across it is 4V?
Remember, P= IV ; or watts = amperes X volts
Here we must first determine the amperes before we can solve for watts.
From Ohm’s Law, we know that V= IR ; or volts = amperes X ohms.
Rearranging this equation gives: amperes = volts
ohms
Thus, in this case, amperes = 4 volts
= .04 amperes
100 ohms
Substituting this value in our power equation above gives:
watts = 0.04 amperes X 4 volts = .16 watts
USG Part IV:
Neurotransmitters
See also the NOTES documents posted online at our wikispace,
the online self-quizzes posted at our wikispace,
and all assignments and materials related to neurotransmitters,
especially your Neurotransmitters Activity Classwork Poster
The primary neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular
junction is ________, an ________ neurotransmitter.
A)Dopamine , excitatory
B)Glutamate, excitatory
C)Acetylcholine, excitatory
D)GABA, inhibitory
E)Serotonin, inhibitory
The primary neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular
junction is ________, an ________ neurotransmitter.
A)Dopamine , excitatory
B)Glutamate, excitatory
C)Acetylcholine, excitatory
D)GABA, inhibitory
E)Serotonin, inhibitory
Arrange the following in the proper order in which they
occur at the pre-synaptic side of a neuromuscular
junction.
1. Calcium ions enter the cell via voltage-gated calcium
channels
2. An action potential arrives at the presynaptic terminal
3. Neurotransmitter is released
A) 1, 2, 3
B) 2, 1, 3
C) 2, 3, 1
D) 3, 2, 1
E) 3, 1, 2
Arrange the following in the proper order in which they
occur at the pre-synaptic side of a neuromuscular
junction.
1. Calcium ions enter the cell via voltage-gated calcium
channels
2. An action potential arrives at the presynaptic terminal
3. Neurotransmitter is released
A) 1, 2, 3
B) 2, 1, 3
C) 2, 3, 1
D) 3, 2, 1
E) 3, 1, 2
The process by which neurotransmitter molecules detach
from a postsynaptic neuron are reabsorbed by a presynaptic neuron so they can be recycled and used again.
A. axon terminals
B. synaptic transmission
C. reuptake
D. diffusion
The process by which neurotransmitter molecules detach
from a postsynaptic neuron are reabsorbed by a presynaptic neuron so they can be recycled and used again.
A. axon terminals
B. synaptic transmission
C. reuptake
D. diffusion
Arrange the following in the proper order in which they occur at the
post-synaptic side of a excitatory synapse.
1. Neurotransmitter binds to a ligand-gated ion-channel.
2. An action potential is propagated along the postsynaptic cell’s
axon
3. Depolarization of the post-synaptic membrane.
4. Sodium ions move into the post-synaptic cell.
A) 1, 2, 3, 4
B) 2, 1, 3, 4
C) 4, 2, 3, 1
D) 1, 4, 3, 2
E) 3, 1, 2, 4
Arrange the following in the proper order in which they occur at the
post-synaptic side of a excitatory synapse.
1. Neurotransmitter binds to a ligand-gated ion-channel.
2. An action potential is propagated along the postsynaptic cell’s
axon
3. Depolarization of the post-synaptic membrane.
4. Sodium ions move into the post-synaptic cell.
A) 1, 2, 3, 4
B) 2, 1, 3, 4
C) 4, 2, 3, 1
D) 1, 4, 3, 2
E) 3, 1, 2, 4
Generally, neural impulses travel
a. electrically between and within each neuron.
b. chemically between and within each neuron.
c. electrically between neurons and chemically within each neuron.
d. chemically between neurons and electrically within each neuron.
Generally, neural impulses travel
a. electrically between and within each neuron.
b. chemically between and within each neuron.
c. electrically between neurons and chemically within each neuron.
d. chemically between neurons and electrically within each neuron.
The neurotransmitter acetylcholine is primarily involved
in
A. emotional states and sleep
B. physical arousal, learning, and memory
C. learning, memory, and muscle contractions
D. movement, thought processes, and rewarding
sensations
The neurotransmitter acetylcholine is primarily involved
in
A. emotional states and sleep
B. physical arousal, learning, and memory
C. learning, memory, and muscle contractions
D. movement, thought processes, and rewarding
sensations
Neurotransmitters are _______ that travel across the
________ to another cell.
a. electrical signals; receptors
b. electrical signals; synapses
c. chemicals; receptors
d. chemicals; synaptic cleft
Neurotransmitters are _______ that travel across the
________ to another cell.
a. electrical signals; receptors
b. electrical signals; synapses
c. chemicals; receptors
d. chemicals; synaptic cleft
List the following in order of their occurrence:
A. Action potential travels along axon of sending neuron
B. The neurotransmitter must fit perfectly into the receptor
C. Synaptic transmission occurs when the action potential causes
neurotransmitters to be released by the synaptic vesicles in the axon
terminals
D. The neurotransmitters cross the synaptic gap and bind with the
correctly shaped receptor sites on the receiving neuron.
A)ABCD
B)ACDC
C)ADCB
D)ACDB
List the following in order of their occurrence:
A. Action potential travels along axon of sending neuron
B. The neurotransmitter must fit perfectly into the receptor
C. Synaptic transmission occurs when the action potential causes
neurotransmitters to be released by the synaptic vesicles in the axon
terminals
D. The neurotransmitters cross the synaptic gap and bind with the
correctly shaped receptor sites on the receiving neuron.
A)ABCD
B)ACDC
C)ADCB
D)ACDB
Which of the following statements about the action of
drugs is TRUE.
A. Drugs can mimic the function of neurotransmitter at
the synaptic cleft.
B. Drugs can block the ligand-gated ion channel site on
the membrane of the post-synaptic neuron.
C. Drugs can block the reuptake of the neurotransmitter
by the pre-synaptic neuron.
D. All of the above
Which of the following statements about the action of
drugs is TRUE.
A. Drugs can mimic the function of neurotransmitter at
the synaptic cleft.
B. Drugs can block the ligand-gated ion channel site on
the membrane of the post-synaptic neuron.
C. Drugs can block the reuptake of the neurotransmitter
by the pre-synaptic neuron.
D. All of the above
Low levels of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine are often
associated with
A)Depression
B)Multiple sclerosis
C)Parkinson’s Disease
D)Alzheimer’s Disease
Low levels of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine are often
associated with
A)Depression
B)Multiple sclerosis
C)Parkinson’s Disease
D)Alzheimer’s Disease
Muscular tremors and rigidity in Parkinson's disease results
from which of the following?
A)Damage to acetylcholine pathway in the thalamus
B)Damage to a dopamine pathway in the substantia nigra
C)Excitotoxicity due to excess levels of glutamate
D)Loss of GABA in the spinal cord
Muscular tremors and rigidity in Parkinson's disease results
from which of the following?
A)Damage to acetylcholine pathway in the thalamus
B)Damage to a dopamine pathway in the substantia nigra
C)Excitotoxicity due to excess levels of glutamate
D)Loss of GABA in the spinal cord
Neurotransmitters are contained in _____ that are located
in _____ of the pre-synaptic neuron.
A. vesicles; axon terminals
B. axon terminals; dendrites
C. receptor sites; synapses
D. cell membranes; synaptic gaps
Neurotransmitters are contained in _____ that are located
in _____ of the pre-synaptic neuron.
A. vesicles; axon terminals
B. axon terminals; dendrites
C. receptor sites; synapses
D. cell membranes; synaptic gaps
Low levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin are often
associated with
A)Depression
B)Multiple sclerosis
C)Parkinson’s Disease
D)Alzheimer’s Disease
Low levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin are often
associated with
A)Depression
B)Multiple sclerosis
C)Parkinson’s Disease
D)Alzheimer’s Disease
Which of the following mechanisms can serve to remove
neurotransmitter from the synaptic cleft?
A)Reuptake by the axon terminus of the pre-synaptic cell
B)Breakdown by enzymes
C)Diffusion away from the synaptic cleft
D)All of the above
Which of the following mechanisms can serve to remove
neurotransmitter from the synaptic cleft?
A)Reuptake by the axon terminus of the pre-synaptic cell
B)Breakdown by enzymes
C)Diffusion away from the synaptic cleft
D)All of the above
Which of the following is a primary inhibitory
neurotransmitter of the central nervous system?
A)Acetylcholine
B)Glutamate
C)GABA
D)Norepinephrine
Which of the following is a primary inhibitory
neurotransmitter of the central nervous system?
A)Acetylcholine
B)Glutamate
C)GABA
D)Norepinephrine