Transcript Radio Merit Badge

Radio Merit
Badge
Part Two
Radio Merit Badge
• Each scout must have their own
answer sheet
• Each scout fills in their name and
unit/troop number on each page of
answer sheet.
• Each scout fill in the instructors
names and telephone numbers on
the first page.
Radio Merit Badge
• The last page of the answer sheet is
a QSO log
• You must get five QSO’s
• There are HAMS around camp, ask
them for help
• They will set up a QSO and fill in
your QSO log
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• Draw eight schematic symbols.
• Explain what three of the
represented parts do.
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Fuse
Contains a thin wire which is made to
break which protects the rest of the
circuit from damage if there is too
much current, like from a short
circuit.
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• Battery - Stores electric energy
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• Resistor - Resists the flow of electric
current, reducing its flow
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• Variable Resistor
– Like a regular resistor, but adjustable.
For example, the volume knob on your
stereo.
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• Earth Ground
– A connection between the equipment
(radio) and the earth, usually through a
copper pipe driven into the soil.
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• Chassis Ground
– A connection of the negative side of the
electronic circuit to the chassis, or steel
frame, of the equipment.
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• Capacitor
– Gets and stores an electric charge. Lets
alternating current (AC - like in your
house) flow but stops direct current (DC
- like from a battery).
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• Variable Capacitor
– Same as a regular capacitor, but
adjustable
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– NPN Transistor
– Amplifies a current.
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– PNP Transistor
– Amplifies a current.
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• Coil, also called a choke, it works the
opposite of a capacitor. It lets DC
flow but stops AC.
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– Tube. A vacuum tube made of glass with wire filaments inside.
Amplifies a current. It has been replaced by transistors in most
home equipment, but is still found in some high power radio
transmitters.
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– Antenna
– Sends radio frequency signals into the
air.
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• SPST Switch
• Single-pole single-throw switch. Has
two positions, on and off. Like most
light switches
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– DPDT Switch.
– Double-pole double-throw switch. A
double-throw switch has three positions.
It can switch one input to one of two
outputs - sort of like the switch you put
on your television to switch between
watching TV and playing your video
game. The double-pole means it can
switch a pair of inputs to either of two
pairs of outputs.
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• Find three electrical components to
match to three of these symbols.
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• Find three electrical components to
match to three of these symbols.
• Go through the parts, Show us
three. Tell Us what they are.
• We will initial your worksheet
when done.
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• Explain the safety precautions for
working with radio gear
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• Working on radios can be dangerous not only
because they use electricity but also because
radio frequencies themselves can cause burns if
you touch an antenna when someone is
transmitting. Some general safety rules follow
but these are not a complete safety guide and
are given only to assist in passing this merit
badge requirement. PLEASE DON'T DO ANY
WORK ON ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT YOURSELF
until you have learned from someone more
experienced. Also, remember it is illegal to work
on radio transmitters without a license.
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• Electrical shock can hurt or kill you make sure the power is disconnected
before working.
•
Unplug and disconnect.
•
Even with the power off, some
parts inside the radio can hold a
dangerous charge. If you don't know
for sure what you are doing, get
help.
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• Radio Frequency (RF) can burn you
badly - keep antennas out of reach
of people and animals.
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• RF radiation can be
unhealthy - don't use a radio
when it is not completely
assembled. The case keeps
the RF radiation in.
• Metal boxes are used in the
transmitter to keep the RF in.
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• Make sure the antennas can't touch
any power lines or you could be
electrocuted when using the radio.
• Be careful working on towers and
roofs so you don't fall or hurt
someone on the ground.
– Use Hard hats, safety belts.
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• including the concept of grounding
for direct current circuits,
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• including the concept of grounding
for direct current circuits,
• The low voltage side of a circuit.
The negative side of a battery.
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• And power outlets
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• And power outlets
• Early developers of electrical systems theorized that
the earth was an electrically neutral body, i.e. an
equal number of negative and positive charges are
distributed throughout the earth at any given time.
Being electrically neutral, earth is considered to be at
zero potential and establishes a convenient reference
frame for voltage measurements. Noting that
voltmeters read only the difference in potential
between two points, absolute measurements can be
made by using earth as a reference.
• A true earth ground, as defined by the National
Electrical Code, physically consists of a conductive
pipe or rod driven into the earth to a minimum depth
of 8 feet.
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• and antenna systems
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• and antenna systems
• Lightning can hit your antenna and
travel down your lines to the radio.
Make sure your antenna and radio
are grounded to a good earth
ground.
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• Visit a radio installation
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• Visit a radio installation
• We have one here.
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• Discuss what types of equipment you
saw in use, how it was used
• Transceiver
•
Used for HF contacts
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• Discuss what types of equipment you
saw in use, how it was used
• Microphone
•
Used to input voice into
transceiver
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• Discuss what types of equipment you
saw in use, how it was used
• Antenna
•
Used to radiate radio wave
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• Discuss what types of equipment you
saw in use, how it was used
• HT
•
Miniature transceiver with low
power, built in microphone and
antenna. Used for VHF/UHF.
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• What types of licenses are required
to operate and maintain the
equipment
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• What types of licenses are required
to operate and maintain the
equipment
• FCC issued Amateur Radio
License
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• the purpose of the station.
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• the purpose of the station.
• A hobby station used for fun
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• the purpose of the station.
• A hobby station used for fun
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• Find out about three career
opportunities in radio.
– Let’s talk
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• On Air Personality
– Disc Jockey
– News reporter
– Traffic reporter
– Usually Journalism majors.
– Requires good language skills
Start out in low population markets
and work up.
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• Engineer Electrical / Electronic
Degree is a start/
Varies by specialization.
Local codes may require PE.
Usually requires a sponsorship
or apprenticeship
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• Tower Technician
– On the job training for lower
levels.
– BS wanted
– Requires travel and work in hostile
environments.
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• Discuss this with us, and explain
why this profession might
interest you.
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• Tell why the FCC has an amateur
radio service
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• Tell why the FCC has an amateur
radio service
• 1. Volunteer service (community
service and disasters). A Scout
does a good turn daily - here's
another way.
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• Tell why the FCC has an amateur
radio service
• 2. Experimentation. If you want
you can build your own radio
equipment, and many hams build
their own antennas. Some hams
have come up with new
inventions..
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• Tell why the FCC has an amateur
radio service
• 3. Communication skills. And,
because only one person can talk
at a time, you learn how to
listen, too.
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• Tell why the FCC has an amateur
radio service
• 4. Self-training. You can learn by
doing.
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• Tell why the FCC has an amateur
radio service
• 5. International goodwill. A
great way to talk to people in far
away lands.
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• Describe some of the activities that
amateur radio operators can do on
the air, once they have earned an
amateur radio license.
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• Describe some of the activities that
amateur radio operators can do on
the air, once they have earned an
amateur radio license.
• Jamboree On The Air (JOTA) is the
third weekend every October when
Scouts all over the world talk to each
other on ham radio.
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• Describe some of the activities that
amateur radio operators can do on
the air, once they have earned an
amateur radio license.
• DX - Lots of hams like to talk to
other hams around the world and
collect postcards called QSL cards to
prove they did it. It's a great way to
have fun and learn about geography.
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• Describe some of the activities that
amateur radio operators can do on
the air, once they have earned an
amateur radio license.
• Contests are held many weekends
when you try to contact as many
people from a certain place or in a
certain way.
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• Describe some of the activities that
amateur radio operators can do on the air,
once they have earned an amateur radio
license.
• Service at parades & special events. Ham
radio operators are often the best people
to help with communication at large
community events, from small carnivals all
the way to the Tournament of Roses
Parade.
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• Describe some of the activities that
amateur radio operators can do on the air,
once they have earned an amateur radio
license.
• Disasters - Hams are often called on to
help during fires, floods, earthquakes, and
other disasters. At these times, telephone
lines and cell phone sites are often
damaged or overloaded, and ham radio is
the only reliable communication.
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• Describe some of the activities that
amateur radio operators can do on
the air, once they have earned an
amateur radio license.
• Skywarn - Part of the National
Weather Service, uses amateur radio
to report severe weather conditions.
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• Describe some of the activities that
amateur radio operators can do on
the air, once they have earned an
amateur radio license.
• Packet radio - Some hams hook their
computers to their radios so they can
send electronic messages, sort of like
wireless e-mail.
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• Describe some of the activities that
amateur radio operators can do on
the air, once they have earned an
amateur radio license.
• Camping communications are easy
even in the backcountry when you
need to get help or just let the folks
back home know how things are
going.
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• Describe some of the activities that
amateur radio operators can do on
the air, once they have earned an
amateur radio license.
• Nets - Where hams of a like interest
can exchange information, pass
traffic and get furthur training.
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• Using proper call signs, Q signals, and
abbreviations, carry on a 10 minute real
or simulated radio contact using voice,
Morse Code, or digital mode. (Licensed
amateur radio operators may substitute
five QSL cards as evidence of contacts
with amateur radio operators from at least
three different call districts.) Properly log
the real or simulated ham radio contact
and record the signal report.
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• Let’s do it right now….
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• Explain at least five Q signals or
amateur radio terms you hear while
listening.
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• Explain at least five Q signals or amateur radio
terms you hear while listening.
• QRM
Man-made interference
• QRN
Natural noise or interference
• QRP
Low Power (< five watts)
• QRS
Slow down Morse code speed
• QRT
Quitting - off the air
• QSB
Signal is fading
• QSL
Acknowledge receipt (card)
• QSO
Conversation ("cue-so")
• QSY
Change frequency
• QTH
Location (think H for Home)
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• Explain at least five Q signals or amateur radio
terms you hear while listening.
• Log
Record of QSOs
• CW
Morse code (means Continuous Wave)
• DX
Distant (foreign stations)
• CQ
Calling any station ("seek you")
• OM
Old man (male ham)
• YL
Young lady (female ham)
• Rig
Radio
• Shack
Room the radio is in
• HI
Laugh in Morse code
• 73, 88
Best regards, love and kisses
Radio Merit Badge
• Explain some of the differences
between the Technician,
Radio Merit Badge
• The Technician Class license is the entry
level license. There is just one 35 question
multiple choice test on theory, rules, and
procedures. There is no Morse code
requirement. This license gives full VHF &
UHF use so you can communicate around
town and use repeaters, but you cannot use
some of the HF bands which are used for
world-wide contacts. This merit badge
covers part of what is on the license test.
Books are available with all the possible
questions and answers.
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• Explain some of the differences
between the General
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• The General Class license is the middle level
license. There is just one 35 question
multiple choice test on theory, rules, and
procedures. This test is more advanced that
the required Technician test. This license
gives full VHF & UHF and some HF use. You
can communicate around town and use
repeaters. You can also use some of the HF
bands which are used for world-wide
contacts. This merit badge covers part of
what is on the license test. Books are
available with all the possible questions and
answers.
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• Explain some of the differences
between the Extra Class license
requirements and privileges.
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• The Extra Class license is the highest level
license. There is just one 50 question
multiple choice test on theory, rules, and
procedures. This test is more advanced that
the required General test. This license gives
full VHF, UHF and HF use. You can
communicate around town and use
repeaters. You can also use all of the HF
bands which are used for world-wide
contacts. This merit badge covers part of
what is on the license test. Books are
available with all the possible questions and
answers.
Radio Merit Badge
• The Extra Class license is the highest level
license. There is just one 50 question
multiple choice test on theory, rules, and
procedures. This test is more advanced that
the required General test. This license gives
full VHF, UHF and HF use. You can
communicate around town and use
repeaters. You can also use all of the HF
bands which are used for world-wide
contacts. This merit badge covers part of
what is on the license test. Books are
available with all the possible questions and
answers.
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• Explain who administers amateur
radio exams.
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• Explain who administers amateur
radio exams.
• The tests are given by volunteer
examiners. (Your merit badge
counselor or the ARRL can help
you find a test.)
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• Explain how you would make an
emergency call on voice or Morse
code.
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• Explain how you would make an
emergency call on voice or Morse code.
• Speak clearly and give complete
information, just like when you make a
911 telephone call. Remember to give the
correct location of the emergency because
the person you are helping on the radio
may be in another state or even in
another country!
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• Explain how you would make an
emergency call on voice or Morse
code.
• "MAYDAY" is the international word
for requesting help by radio.
However, it is probably easier and
less confusing to just say
"EMERGENCY."
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• Explain how you would make an
emergency call on voice or Morse code.
• Just because you have a radio doesn't
mean someone will be able to hear you.
You might have to climb higher up a hill.
(This is especially true for FRS radios and
cell phones, which don't have has much
power as ham radios.)
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• Explain how you would make an
emergency call on voice or Morse
code.
• In Morse code you would send SOS
(di-di-dit-dah-dah-dah-di-di-dit) and
give the same information. (The code
should be sent slow enough for the
other person to understand you.)
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• Explain the differences between
handheld transceivers
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• Explain the differences between
handheld transceivers
• Handheld radios (HT): Small, light,
portable, but not much power. Some
can fit in your pocket. With repeaters
they can be quite useful, and they
can go on your hike easily.
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• and home "base" transceivers
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• and home "base" transceivers
• Base radios: More power, easier to
use, more features
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• Explain the uses of mobile amateur
radio transceivers
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• Explain the uses of mobile amateur
radio transceivers
• Mobile radios: More power. That HT
antenna doesn't work well inside car.
• Able to be used anywhere a car can
go.
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• and amateur radio repeaters.
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• and amateur radio repeaters.
• Repeaters: Located on high points
(Mountains, tall buildings) to
automatically relay signals. Some
have connections to the telephone
system.
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• Which kind of radio is best?
– It depends on what you want to do. You
aren't going to go backpacking with a
base radio, but that base radio will let
you talk farther away when you are at
home.