Transcript Chapter 28 QQ

QUICK QUIZ 28.1
You would like to construct an RC circuit with a time constant that is equal to 1 second
(in other words, the current from the battery decreases to 1/e of its initial value in 1
second after the switch is thrown). You have available two 0.5-mF capacitors and two
500-kW resistors. Using these components, which circuit below will achieve the
desired results?
QUICK QUIZ 28.1 ANSWER
(b). Appropriate values for R and C to give you a 1-second time
constant would be 1 MW and 1 mF. Therefore, you can
combine the two 500-kW resistors in series to give you the 1
MW and you can combine the two 0.5-mF capacitors in parallel
to give you 1 mF.
QUICK QUIZ 28.2
A very large resistor is in parallel with a very small resistor.
The equivalent resistance of this combination will be a) slightly
greater than the resistance of the large resistor, b) slightly less than
the resistance of the large resistor, c) slightly greater than the
resistance of the small resistor, or d) slightly less than the resistance
of the small resistor.
QUICK QUIZ 28.2 ANSWER
(d). An easy way to visualize this situation is to draw the two resistors side by
side with the large resistor represented as a cylinder with a small cross sectional
area and the small resistor represented as a cylinder with a large cross sectional
area. The resistance is mainly determined by the small resistor since most of the
current travels through it. The small additional cross sectional area provided to
the current by the large resistor decreases slightly the total resistance to current
flow.
QUICK QUIZ 28.3
For the circuit shown, if you were to measure the voltage between the two points
indicated you would measure a) 4 volts, b) 20 volts, c) 0 volts, or d) 6.67 volts.
QUICK QUIZ 28.3 ANSWER
(b). This is an example of an open circuit. Therefore, no current
flows through the circuit. If no current flows through a resistor,
then the voltage on each side of the resistor is the same. No
voltage changes occur across any of the resistors. You have a
10-volt gain across the first battery and another 10-volt gain
across the second battery, giving 20 volts between the terminals.
QUICK QUIZ 28.4
You have available three 2-W resistors, each with a maximum power capacity of
16 W and an 8-volt battery capable of providing up to 4 A of current. You would like
to build a circuit with these components using one of the resistors as a heater that
will provide at least ten watts of power output. Which circuit below will achieve the
desired result?
QUICK QUIZ 28.4 ANSWER
(d). In circuit a, the current will be I = DV/R = 8V/2W = 4 A, and
the power dissipated in the resistor will be P = I2R = 32 W, beyond
the resistor’s capacity. In circuit b, the current will be 8V/4W = 2A
and the power dissipated in each resistor will be 8 W, neither
resistor producing the desired power. Similarly in circuit c the
power dissipated in each resistor will be 32/9 W, less than the
desired power. In circuit d, the current from the battery will be
8V/3W = 8/3 A and the power dissipated in the lone resistor (not
the two in parallel) will be 128/9 W, within the desired range.
QUICK QUIZ 28.5
A certain RC circuit is used to charge a capacitor. Two seconds
after the switch is thrown, the current in the circuit is 75% of its
initial value, or 3Io/4. Four seconds after the switch is thrown, the
current will be:
a) Io/2
b) Io/4
c) 9Io/16
d) impossible to determine without knowing the values of R
and C
QUICK QUIZ 28.5 ANSWER
(c). The current is determined by the equation
I  I0 et / RC  I0 et / τ
If we let t1 = 2 seconds, then after 2 seconds we have:
I  34 I0  I0 et1 / τ so that 34  e-t1 / τ
After 4 seconds we have:
2t1 / τ
I  I0 e
t1 / τ
 I0 e
t1 / τ
e
I
3 3
0 4 4

9
16
I0