Transcript 4-LEVEL ANALYSIS_Level 1x

4 LEVELS OF GRAMMAR
1. Parts of Speech
Noun, Pronoun, Verb, Adjective,
Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition,
Interjection
2. Parts of Sentence
Subject, Predicate, Direct Object,
Indirect Object, Subject Complement
3. Phrases
Verbal, Appositive, Prepositional
4. Clauses
Dependent, Independent
LEVEL #1: PARTS OF SPEECH
Noun
Adj.
Verb
Pronoun
Adv.
Prep.
Conjunction
Interjection
NOUN:
(Latin nomen meaning name)—name of a person, place, or thing
• Proper OR Common
• Concrete OR Abstract
• Collective OR Singular OR Plural
PRONOUN:
A word that takes the place of a noun. A word used instead of
repeating the antecedent (noun).
Ms. Cooper teaches math. In Ms. Cooper’s room, students will work with
numbers. Studentsfind Ms. Cooper’s room colorful, and students always
have fun with Ms. Cooper.
Writing is monotonous without pronouns!
PRONOUNS REPLACE ANTECEDENTS!
• Antecedent = noun
• Use pronoun instead of antecedent
• STEMS:
cede (goes)
ante (before)
Ms. Chandler is loud. Her students will never ask her to repeat
herself.
*There isn’t always an antecedent*
Anyone who is registered may vote.
DON’T MAKE THIS MISTAKE!
Its or It’s?
Its = possessive pronoun (The chair lost its legs)
It’s = contraction of it is (It’s too late)
It’s
MEMORIZE SUBJECT AND OBJECT PRONOUNS!
SUBJECT PRONOUNS: subject of the sentence
Singular
Plural
we
1st Person
I
2nd Person
you
you
3rd Person
he, she, it
they
OBJECT PRONOUNS: object of the sentence
Singular
Plural
1st Person
me
us
2nd Person
you
you
3rd Person
him, her, it
them
OTHER TYPES OF PRONOUNS
Interrogative:
• a pronoun used to interrogate
WHOSE?
WHAT?
WHOM?
OTHER TYPES OF PRONOUNS
DE-MONSTER-ATE:
Demonstrative:
• a pronoun used to demonstrate
THESE
THAT
IMPORTANT! Don’t be vague! Don’t use these pronouns as subjects.
• This influenced people.
This essay influenced people.
TYPES OF PRONOUNS
• Subject: I, you, he, she, it, you, they
• Object: me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them
• Possessive: my, your, his, her, its, our, their
• Interrogative: who, whose, whom, which, what
• Demonstrative: this, that, these, those
• Relative: who, whose, whom, which, that
• Indefinite: anyone, anybody, each, all, etc.
• Reflexive: myself, yourself, himself, etc.
• Intensive: myself, yourself, himself, etc. (intensifies—I myself agree with
that idea.)
VERBS
The verb is about the noun.
Noun
Verb
Verb - a word that shows action, being, or links a subject to a
subject complement
VERB—WHAT THE NOUN DOES OR IS!
Action verbs show action on a direct object:
Betsy sang the song.
Or the action verb might just show action:
Betsy sang.
Linking verbs link the subject to the subject complement:
He is a poet
*Most verbs show actions or make equations*
I saw >>him.
I am = he.
vs.
Action Verb
Linking
Verb
Substitute am, is, or are! If the meaning doesn’t change, you
have a linking verb!
• Sylvia tasted
is the spicy squid eyeball stew.
Action Verb
• The squid eyeball stew tasted
good.
is
Linking Verb
VERB TENSES INDICATE TIME
Present
1st person
2nd person
3rd person
Singular
I protest
You protest
He, she, it protests
Past
1st person
2nd person
3rd person
Singular
I protested
You protested
He, she, it protested
Future
1st person
2nd person
3rd person
Singular
I will protest
You will protest
He, she, it will protest
Present Perfect
Plural
We protest
You protest
They protest
Past Perfect
Plural
We protested
You protested
Perfect
TheyFuture
protested
Plural
We will protest
You will protest
They will protest
ADJECTIVE
A word that MODIFIES a noun or pronoun
• Cannot exist without noun or pronoun
• Proper adjectives (Spanish rice)
• Articles
• a, an (indefinite)
• the (definite)
ADVERB
A word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.
Noun
Verb
Adj.
Adv.
Adv.
Adv.
ADVERBS CAN SHOW…
Time: still, soon, now, later, yet, tomorrow
Place: here, there, away, home, downtown, near, far
Frequency: often, when, never, again, seldom, frequently
Manner: very, quite, well, barely, hardly, hard, almost, exactly
CONJUNCTION
CONJUNCTION, JUNCTION, WHAT’S YOUR FUNCTION?
TO JOIN!
A conjunction is a word that joins two words or two groups of
words.
3 Types of Conjunctions!
1. Coordinating: F.A.N.B.O.Y.S
2. Subordinating: if, as, since, when, because, although,
while, etc.
3. Correlative: (always come in pairs): either/or,
neither/nor, not only/but also, so/as
CONJUNCTION, JUNCTION, WHAT’S YOUR FUNCTION?
PREPOSITION – PRE……………………………POST
A preposition is a word that shows the relationship between
its object (noun/pronoun) and another word in the sentence.
somewhere
over
the rainbow
adv.
prep.
adj. noun
A preposition shows relationships of:
Time -- before, during, after
Space – in, on, beside, around
Direction – to, from, toward
Prepositions are in the PRE position because they come at the beginning of the
phrase: in the boat, on the dock, around Venus.
INTERJECTION
• An interjection is a word that shows EXCITEMENT but serves NO
grammatical function.
• Interjections are considered the BATMAN words – words that fill the
pages of action comic books.
• Examples of interjections include Oh!
Ugh! Wow! Yes! No! Oops! OMG! Tru Dat!
Arrrrr!
• The interjection is thrown (ject) splat!
into the sentence to show strong
emotion.
Kapow!
ANALYSIS: BREAK IT DOWN—INTERJECTION
OMG! I
Int.
Parts of
Speech
am
pronoun verb
now
adv.
an
invisible
man.
adj.
adj
noun
Parts of
Sentence
Phrases
Clauses
—Ralph Ellison, Invisible Man (1952)
ANALYSIS: BREAK IT DOWN- INTERJECTION
Wow! Humpty
Int.
Parts of
Speech
Parts of
Sentence
Phrases
Clauses
Dumpty
Noun
sat
on
the
wall.
verb
prep.
adj
noun
ANALYSIS: BREAK IT DOWN--INTERJECTION
I
Parts of
Speech
pronoun
do
V
not
adv.
e
like
r
b
green
eggs
and
adj
noun
Conj.
Parts of
Sentence
Phrases
Clauses
—Dr. Seuss Green Eggs and Ham
ham.
noun
ANALYSIS: BREAK IT DOWN--INTERJECTION
Sam!
Parts of
Speech
noun
If
Conj.
you
will
pronoun
let
me
be,
I will
pronoun
pronoun
V E R B
verb
really try
Adv.
V E R B
them.
pronoun
Parts of
Sentence
Phrases
Clauses
—Dr. Seuss Green Eggs and Ham
ANALYSIS: BREAK IT DOWN--INTERJECTION
The
adj
Parts of
Speech
Parts of
Sentence
Phrases
Clauses
itsy
bitsy
spider
went
adj
adj
noun
verb
carefully up
the
Adv.
Prep.
water
adj adj
spout.
noun
ANALYSIS: BREAK IT DOWN--INTERJECTION
I
Parts of
Speech
Parts of
Sentence
Phrases
Clauses
put
pronoun verb
peanut
butter
Noun
and
jelly
Conj. noun
on
Prep.
my
sandwich.
pronoun noun
ANALYSIS: BREAK IT DOWN--INTERJECTION
I
Parts of
Speech
Parts of
Sentence
Phrases
Clauses
made
pronoun verb
a
adj
peanut
butter
Adjective
and
jelly
Conj.
adj
sandwich.
noun
ANALYSIS: BREAK IT DOWN--INTERJECTION
Whoo!
Int.
Parts of
Speech
Parts of
Sentence
Phrases
Clauses
It’s
definitely
peanut
butter
jelly
time.
PN/V
adv
adj
adj
adj
noun
ANALYSIS: BREAK IT DOWN--INTERJECTION
It was a
pronoun
Parts of
Speech
bright
verb adj adj
cold
adj
day
in April, and the clocks were striking
Prep
.
noun Conj. adj noun
V E R B
Parts of
Sentence
Phrases
Clauses
- George Orwell, 1984 (1949)
thirteen.
noun
NOW IT’S YOUR TURN TO:
BREAK IT DOWN!