Transcript Parts of Speech

Parts of Speech
English 10
EXAMPLES
Sidewalk
Boardwalk
Friend
Language
California
Bravery
Jury
Ambition
Groundhog Day
Flower
NOUNS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Word used to name a person, place, thing, or idea (friend, restaurant, flower, idea)
Common Noun: names any one group of persons, places, things, or ideas (language)
Proper Noun: names a particular person, place, thing, or idea (California, Groundhog Day)
Concrete Noun: names an object that can be perceived by the senses (sidewalk)
Abstract Noun: names a quality, characteristic, or idea (bravery)
Collective Noun: names a group (jury)
Compound Noun: consists of 2 or more words used together as a single noun (boardwalk)
PRACTICE
• Page 126
• Exercise 1
• Odds
EXAMPLES
This
Which
Myself
We
Whose
Either
PRONOUNS
• Word used in place of a noun or more than one noun
• Word that pronoun stands for is called its antecedent
• Pronoun may appear in same sentence as its antecedent or in a following
sentence
• Antecedent may be a noun or another pronoun
Latoya loves her cat. She takes good care of it.
We told her that she could stay with us.
PRONOUNS CONT.
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•
•
•
•
•
Personal: I, me, mine, we, her, they, theirs
Relative: that, which, who, whom, whose
Interrogative: who, whose, what, whom, which
Demonstrative: this, that, these, those
Indefinite: few, many, each, either, anyone, somebody, several
Reflexive and Intensive: myself, themselves, itself, yourselves
PRACTICE
• Pages 127-128
• Exercise 3
• Evens
EXAMPLES
• Helpful librarian
• Final exam
• Two steps
• Cool breeze
• More work
• That star
ADJECTIVES
• Word used to modify (to describe or make more definite) a
noun or pronoun
• Tell what kind (helpful, cool), which one (final, that), or how many (two,
more)
• Articles: a, an, the
• Indefinite articles: a and an. Refer to any one of a general group
• Definite article: the. Refers to a particular person, place, thing, or idea
PRACTICE
• Page 130
• Exercise 5 (directions on page 129)
• #’s 1-10
EXAMPLES
• Jog
• Sailed
• Tastes
• Does know
• Are
• Hope
• Emptied
VERBS
• Word that expresses action or state of being
• Action verb: expresses physical or mental activity (jog, hope)
• Transitive verb: action verb that takes an object (noun or pronoun that tells
who or what receives action of verb)
• Intransitive verb: action verb that does not take an object
TRANSITIVE: The thunder rattled the windows.
INTRANSITIVE: An osprey soared over the treetops.
VERBS CONT.
• Linking verb: connects the subject with a noun, pronoun, or adjective that
identifies or describes it
• Most common: forms of “to be,” as well as the following: appear, become, feel, grow,
look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, and turn
• Verb phrase: consists of main verb and at least one helping or auxiliary verb
• Common helping verbs: forms of “to be,” forms of “have,” forms of “do”
• Common auxiliaries: can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would
PRACTICE
• Page 132
• Exercise 7
• All (1-10)
EXAMPLES
• May we look around?
• Todd washed the car quickly.
• We almost had an accident.
• Winter came early last year.
ADVERBS
• Word used to modify a verb, adjective, or
another adverb
• Tell how (quickly), when (early), where (around), or to
what extent (almost)
PRACTICE
• Page 133-134
• Exercise 8
• Odds
EXAMPLES
• Beside the night stand.
• From the grocery store.
• With care.
• After dinner.
• To the bowling alley.
• At 10:00 this morning.
PREPOSITIONS
• Word used to show how a noun or pronoun is related to some
other word in a sentence
• Prepositional Phrase: preposition introduces this. Noun or pronoun
that ends a prepositional phrase is the object of the preposition
• The bird flew above the tree.
• The bird flew near the tree.
• Copy down 5 prepositions from page 137
PRACTICE
• Page 138
• Exercise 10
• Evens
EXAMPLES
• We ate dinner and watched TV.
• Sally did her math homework, but forgot science.
• Hey! Don’t forget your lunch!
• Because it started raining, we had to rush for shelter.
• Neither rain nor snow falls in that dry land.
CONJUNCTIONS
• Word used to join words or groups of words
• Coordinating conjunction: connects words or groups of words that are used
in the same way (and, but, for, nor, or, so, yet)
• Correlative conjunctions: pairs of conjunctions that join words or groups of
words used in the same way (neither…nor, both…and)
• Subordinating conjunction: begins a subordinate clause, joining it to an
independent clause (than, because, wherever, as though)
INTERJECTION
• Word used to express emotion
• Has no grammatical relation to other words in the sentence
• Hey, ouch, oh, well, yikes
PRACTICE
• Page 140
• Exercise 12
• Entire paragraph