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Gerunds and Infinitives What is a gerund?? Verb + ing = Gerund work + ing = working play + ing = playing study + ing = studying What is “the infinitive form?? To + Verb = Infinitive To + work = to work To + play = to play To + study = to study A reminder about gerunds (-ing) . . . We use the gerund form of the verb when it serves as the subject of the sentence: Examples: Watching too much TV could be bad for our kids. Eating fruits and vegetables is good for you. Swimming is my favorite sport. Learning English is tough! A reminder about gerunds (-ing) . . . We use the gerund form of the verb after a preposition!! Examples: She apologized for yelling at her boyfriend. I’m interested in taking an art class. My mom is thinking about taking a vacation. Some verbs in English can be followed by either the gerund or the infinitive form Some Flexible Verbs =can be followed by gerund/infinitive (this is not the complete list!) like love hate can’t stand prefer continue Flexible Verbs: Example sentences Verb like love Gerund I like swimming. They love going to the amusement park. She hates doing the hate dishes. can’t We can’t stand listening stand to loud music. Many teenagers prefer prefer texting. I hope you continue continue learning English. Infinitive I like to swim. They love to go to the amusement park. She hates to do the dishes We can’t stand to listen to loud music. Many teenagers prefer to text. I hope you continue to learn English. Verbs that can ONLY be followed by a gerund: Verbs that require gerunds AFTER them… (this is not the complete list!) enjoy stop regret avoid dread practice Verbs followed by gerunds: Example Sentences Verb enjoy stop regret Gerund She enjoys teaching. He stopped eating red meat many years ago. Tom regrets dropping out of high school. Some people avoid avoid driving on the freeway. Most people dread going dread to the dentist. He should practice playing practice the piano more often. Infinitive She enjoys to teach. He stopped to eat meat many years ago. Tom regrets to drop out of high school. Some people avoid to drive on the freeway. Most people dread to go to the dentist. He should practice to play the piano more often. Verbs that can ONLY be followed by the infinitive: Verbs that require the infinitive AFTER them… (this is not the complete list!) want would like learn need decide refuse Verbs followed by infinitives: Example Sentences Verb want Gerund I want studying French. Infinitive I want to study French. I would like traveling to would like Italy someday. I would like to travel to Italy someday. learn She learned swimming. She learned to swim. need The teacher needs The teacher needs to leave leaving class early today. class early today. decide They decided moving. refuse She refused helping me. She refused to help me. They decided to move. PRACTICE! Practice! Gerund, Infinitive, or either? 1. She wants _____________ married in June. 2. The doctor said to avoid ____________ salt. 3. Please stop _______________ so much noise! 4. I can’t stand ___________ in crowded places. 5. The suspect refused ______________ the questions. 6. The kids love ___________ to Disneyland. 7. Tourists enjoy ______________ San Diego. 8. Celia has learned _____________ a bike.