Transcript Bellwork through 11/04/11

AP ENG III
BELLWORK
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Bellwork:
Day 3
Prepare to set up your ENG III notebook.
Label your notebook dividers as follows:
1. General Information / Journal Writing
2. Learning Target Logs
3. Grammar
4. Vocabulary
5. Reading
6. Writing
If you only have five tabbed dividers make a label for
all of the above but General Information.
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AP Bellwork Day 4
COPY EACH OF THE FOLLOWING
SENTENCES. PROOFREAD THE SENTENCE
AND WRITE IT CORRECTLY.
1. I worked this weekend for a entire day just
getting ready for this week.
2. I ain’t sure all the work was worth it.
3. I had to wash clothes, cook meals, shop for
groceries, and etc.
4. I did everything accept enjoy myself.
5. Sadly, the affect is that I am extremely tired.
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AP Bellwork 09/19/11
Pick up the handout entitled “Glossary of
Usage Terms Week Four” from the
bookcase by the door. Please read and be
ready to discuss.
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AP Bellwork 09/26/11
Study five minutes for
Vocabulary Quiz 5.
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AP Bellwork 09/27/11
Prepare for The Crucible
final essay. Have paper,
moments sheet, book
and writing utensil on
your desk and be ready
to begin writing.
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AP Bellwork 09/28/11
Copy the following rules about commas and place them in the
Grammar section of your notebook.
COMMAS
Commas are necessary for clear expression of
ideas.
Rule 1: Use commas to separate items in a
series.
(A) If all items in a series are joined by and or or
(nor), you should not use commas to separate
them.
(B) Independent clauses in a series are usually
separated by semicolons. Short independent
clauses, however, may be separated by commas.
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AP Bellwork 09/28/11
Rule 1: Use commas to separate items in a
series.
WORDS IN A SERIES
The counselor distributed baseballs, bats,
volleyballs, tennis rackets, and bandages to the
campers. [nouns]
The dog growled, snarled, and leaped at the
intruder. [verbs]
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AP Bellwork 09/28/11
Rule 1: Use commas to separate items in a
series.
PHRASES IN A SERIES
We have a government of the people, by the
people, and for the people.
SUBORDINATE CLAUSES IN A SERIES
I know I will pass the test if I take good notes, if I
study hard, and if I get a good night’s sleep.
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AP Bellwork 09/28/11
NOTE: When the last two items in a series are
joined by and, you may omit the comma before
the and if the comma is not necessary to make
the meaning clear.
CLEAR
The entertainers sang, danced and
juggled.
UNCLEAR John, Sue and Many went fishing.
[Not clear with comma omitted. Is John part of the series, or is he being addressed?]
CLEAR
John, Sue and Mary went fishing.
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AP Bellwork 09/28/11
(A) If all items in a series are joined by and or or
(nor), you should not use commas to separate
them.
EXAMPLES
We ran and walked and even limped to the finish
line.
A volunteer addresses envelopes or answers
phones or files correspondence.
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AP Bellwork 09/28/11
(B) Independent clauses in a series are usually
separated by semicolons. Short independent
clauses, however, may be separated by
commas.
EXAMPLES
For physical fitness we swam twenty-five laps in
the pool; we jogged four miles around the lake;
and we exercised with workout equipment in
Pam’s basement.
For physical fitness we swam, we jogged, and we
exercised.
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AP Bellwork 09/29/11
Copy the following rules about commas and place them in the
Grammar section of your notebook.
COMMAS
Rule 2: Use commas to separate two or more
adjectives preceding a noun.
EXAMPLE The accident was a frightening,
horrible sight.
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AP Bellwork 09/29/11
When the last adjective bore the noun is thought
of as part of the noun, the comma before the
adjective is omitted.
EXAMPLE The new elementary school will be
completed in 2016.
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AP Bellwork 09/29/11
To determine whether it is right to put commas
between two adjectives in a series of
adjectives modifying a noun, substitute the
word and for the doubtful comma. If the and
sounds wrong, then you don’t need a comma.
PROBLEM
I cautiously raised my broken right hand in response.
[Comma before right?]
USE AND
I cautiously raised my broken and right hand in
response. [Obviously wrong!]
SOLUTION
I cautiously raised my broken right hand in response.
[No comma.]
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AP Bellwork 09/30/11
Please pick up the handout
entitled, “Commas Exercise
One” from the bookcase.
Complete on your own.
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AP Bellwork 10/03/11
Copy the following rule(s) about commas and place them in
the Grammar section of your notebook.
Rule 3: Use a comma before and, but, or,
nor, for, so and yet when they join
independent clauses.
EXAMPLES:
Patrick brought the hot dogs and
buns, and Cindy brought the
potato salad.
We were there on time, but Jeff
and Maria arrived late.
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AP Bellwork 10/03/11
NOTE: Independent clauses joined by and, but, or,
or nor need not be separated by a comma when
they are very short. If the clauses are joined by
the conjunctions yet, so, or for, they must be
separated by a comma.
EXAMPLES The poodle tensed and the
German shepherd growled.
[Clauses are too short to require commas.]
We sprayed with insecticide, yet
the bugs still found us.
[Clauses are short but are separated by the
conjunction yet. Therefore, a comma is required.]
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AP Bellwork 10/04/11
 Pick up the handout from the bookcase
and complete. Fold in half, upon
completion.
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AP Bellwork 10/05/11
Copy the following rule(s) about commas and place them in
the Grammar section of your notebook.
Rule 4: Use commas to set off nonessential clauses and
nonessential participial phrases.
NONESSENTIAL CLAUSE:
A subordinate clause (dependent clause that does not express a
complete thought and cannot stand by itself) that is not essential to
the meaning of the sentence.
NONESSENTIAL PARTICIPIAL PHRASE:
A PARTICIPLE is a verb form that can be used as an adjective. PRESENT
PARTICIPLES consist of the plain form of the verb plus –ing.
PAST PARTICIPLE consist of the plain verb form of the verb plus –d
or –ed. A few are formed irregularly.
A PARTICIPIAL PHRASE consists of a participial and its related words,
such as modifiers and complements, all of which act together as an
adjective.
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AP Bellwork 10/05/11
Nonessential clauses serve only to add some extra
information or to explain something further;
they could be omitted without altering the
fundamental meaning of the sentence.
An essential clause , on the other hand, is one that
cannot be omitted without changing the
meaning of the sentence.
NONESSENTIAL
Peter Lincoln, who works with my father,
bought a new Corvette yesterday.
Since you know without the clause who it was that bought a new
Corvette yesterday, the clause is not necessary to identify Peter
Lincoln; it merely adds information about him. It is a nonessential
clauses and should be set off by commas.
NOTE: Most adjective clauses that modify PROPER nouns are nonessential and require commas.
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AP Bellwork 10/05/11
ESSENTIAL
All the books that are damaged go in these boxes.
The clause that are damaged is essential because it tells which books go
in the boxes. Omitting the clause would change the meaning of the
sentence into something absurd. Since the clause is an integral, or
essential, part of the sentence , it is not set off by commas.
NOTE: Adjective clauses introduced by that are almost always essential.
EXAMPLES
The friend whom I invited to the beach could not
come. [essential]
Kelly, whom I invited to the beach, could not come.
[nonessential]
The U.S. President who enjoyed turkey hash on waffles
for breakfast was Andrew Jackson. [essential]
Andrew Jackson, who was a U.S. President, enjoyed
turkey hash on waffles for breakfast. [nonessential]
The meal that I like the best is spaghetti. [ essential]
Spaghetti, which I like best, is our meal tonight.
[nonessential]
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AP Bellwork 10/05/11
At times the writer of a sentence is the only one who knows whether a
clause is nonessential (commas) or essential (no commas). To make
the meaning clear, the writer will either use commas to enclose the
clause of abstain from their issue.
NONESSENTIAL
My sister, who attends Duke University, sent me a
college sweatshirt.
[The clause is not needed to identify this sister.
Since it is nonessential, it requires commas.]
ESSENTIAL
My sister who attends Duke University sent me a
college sweatshirt.
[The writer knows he or she has more than one
sister. The clause is necessary to tell which sister he
or she is talking about. It should not be set off by
commas.]
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AP Bellwork 10/05/11
The same principles govern participial phrases. Recall the two kinds of
participles: present participles ending in –ing and past participles
usually ending in –ed. When a participial phrase is nonessential, the
phrase is set off by commas. When it is essential, no commas are
used.
NONESSENTIAL
Esther, running at a slow and leisurely pace, easily
finished the marathon.
ESSENTIAL
The woman running at a slow, leisurely pace easily
finished the marathon.
NONESSENTIAL
Vicky’s silk-screen, wrapped carefully inside a
cardboard box, arrived today.
ESSENTIAL
The silk-screen wrapped carefully inside a
cardboard box was not damaged.
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AP Bellwork 10/06/11
Pick up the handout entitled
“Commas: Exercise 3” from the
bookcase. Complete on your
own. Fold your paper in half,
upon completion.
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AP Bellwork 10/07/11
Study five minutes for Vocabulary
test.
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AP Bellwork 10/10/11
 Pickup handout from bookcase and
complete. Fold your paper in half when
finished and wait QUIETYLY at your seat (that
means you Dustin) for instructions.
Commas Exercise 2x
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AP Bellwork 10/11/11
Copy the following rule(s) about commas and place them in
the Grammar section of your notebook.
Rule 5: Use comma after certain introductory elements.
(1) Use a comma after words such as well, yes, no and why when they
begin a sentence. Exclamations like wow, good grief, and gee
whiz, if not followed by an exclamation point, must also be set off
by commas.
(2) Use a comma after an introductory participial phrase.
(3) Use a comma after a succession of introductory prepositional
phrases.
(4) Use a comma after an introductory adverb clause.
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AP Bellwork 10/11/11
Rule 5: Use comma after certain introductory elements.
(1) Use a comma after words such as well, yes, no and why when they
begin a sentence. Exclamations like wow, good grief, and gee
whiz, if not followed by an exclamation point, must also be set off
by commas.
EXAMPLES
No, I haven’t taken the exam yet.
Why, I thought you left yesterday!
Wow, look at those wheels!
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AP Bellwork 10/11/11
Rule 5: Use comma after certain introductory elements.
(2) Use a comma after an introductory participial phrase.
EXAMPLES
Calling for a timeout, the referee began waving her
arms.
Exhausted after three hours of continuous
swimming, Diana emerged from the water.
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AP Bellwork 10/11/11
Rule 5: Use comma after certain introductory elements.
(3) Use a comma after a succession of introductory participial phrases.
EXAMPLES
By the light of the silvery moon in autumn, we went
on an old-fashioned hayride.
[Three prepositional phrases precede the comma.]
NOTE: A single introductory prepositional phrase does not usually
require a comma unless the comma is necessary to make the
meaning of the sentence clear.
EXAMPLES
By noon we had hiked four miles.
In our bank, checks are sorted automatically.
[The comma is needed so that the reader does not
read “our bank checks.”]
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AP Bellwork 10/17/11
 Pickup handout from bookcase and
complete. Fold your paper in half
when finished and wait QUIETYLY at
your seat (that still means you
Dustin) for instructions.
Commas Exercise 4
Be ready for a quiz over all the comma
rules so far tomorrow!!!
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AP Bellwork 10/18/11
 Study five minutes for
Commas Quiz
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AP Bellwork 10/19/11
Copy the following rule(s) about commas and place them in
the Grammar section of your notebook.
Rule 6: Use commas to set off expressions that
interrupt.
(1) Appositives and appositive phrases are usually set off by commas.
An appositive follows a noun or pronoun and usually identifies or
explains it.
EXAMPLES
Nancy Landon Kassebaum, the senator from Kansas,
was the principle speaker.
I loved my gift, a pearl ring.
In these sentences senator and ring are appositives.
When you set off an appositive, you include with it all the words that
modify it. Together, an appositive and its modifiers constitute an
appositive phrase.
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AP Bellwork 10/19/11
Copy the following rule(s) about commas and place them in
the Grammar section of your notebook.
Rule 6: Use commas to set off expressions that
interrupt.
(1) Appositives and appositive phrases are usually set off by commas.
Sometimes an appositive is so closely related to the word preceding it
that it should not be set off by commas. Such an appositive is
called a “restrictive appositive.” It is usually a single word.
EXAMPLES
my brother James
the author Herman Melville
my cat Bonkers
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AP Bellwork 10/20/11
Pick up the handout entitled
“Exercise 5” from the bookcase and
complete quietly. Upon completion,
fold your paper in half and wait for
instructions.
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AP Bellwork 10/21/11
Copy the following rule(s) about commas and place them in
the Grammar section of your notebook.
Rule 6: Use commas to set off expressions that
interrupt.
(2) Words used in direct address are set off by commas.
EXAMPLES
David, please close the door.
Did you call me, mother?
Yes, Mr. Kirk, I gave you the paper.
(3) Parenthetical expressions are set off by commas.
These expressions are often used parenthetically: I believe
(think, suppose, hope, etc.), on the contrary, on the other hand, of
course, in my opinion, for example, however, to tell the truth,
nevertheless, in fact, on the whole, also, too, in addition, thus.
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AP Bellwork 10/21/11
Rule 6: Use commas to set off expressions that
interrupt.
(3) Parenthetical expressions are set off by commas.
EXAMPLES
T
You are, I hope, planning to come.
His new poems, in fact, are as inspiring as his earlier
ones.
These expressions are not always used as interrupters.
EXAMPLES
She wore her ring on the other hand.
[not used as an interrupter]
Who, on the other hand, really knows which is
proper? [used as an interrupter]
I believe today is my first absence.
[not used as an interrupter]
It is, I believe, my first absence. [used as an
interrupter]
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AP Bellwork 10/21/11
Rule 6: Use commas to set off expressions that
interrupt.
(3) Parenthetical expressions are set off by commas.
NOTE: A contrasting expression introduced by not or yet is
parenthetical and must be set off by commas.
EXAMPLE
Emily Brontë, not Charlotte, was the author of
Wuthering Heights.
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AP Bellwork 10/31/11
Copy the following rule(s) about commas and place them in
the Grammar section of your notebook.
Rule 7: Use a comma in certain conventional settings.
(1) Use a comma to separate items in dates and addresses.
In addresses the street number and the name of the street are NOT
separated fro m each other by a comma. Neither are the name of
the state and the Zip code.
Similarly, in dates the day of the month and the month itself are
considered one item.
Commas do go between the date and the year and the city and the
state.
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AP Bellwork 10/31/11
Copy the following rule(s) about commas and place them in
the Grammar section of your notebook.
Rule 7: Use a comma in certain conventional settings.
(2) Use a comma after the salutation of a friendly letter and after
the closing of any letter.
(3) Use a comma after a name followed by Jr., Sr., Ph.D., etc.
EXAMPLES
Dr. Elena Moreno, Ph.D.
Russell E. Davis, Jr.
David Owens Knopp, M.D.
Rule 8: Do not use unnecessary commas.
Do not use a comma unless a rule specifically calls for it or unless the
sentence would be unclear without it. When in doubt, leave it out!
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AP Bellwork 11/01/11
Pick up the handout
(Exercise 7) from the
bookcase.
Complete.
Fold in half, upon
completion.
Commas Quiz tomorrow!
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AP Bellwork 11/02/11
Commas Quiz today!
Take five minutes to study.
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AP Bellwork 11/03/11
Commas Test today!
Take five minutes to study.
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AP Bellwork 11/04/11
Timed practice ACT. Have a
pencil and everything off of
your desk. Be ready to go.
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