Transcript parts speech presentation[1].

The Eight Parts of Speech
Yes!!
Awesome!!
Finally!!
English is so much fun!!
1. Verb
A verb asserts something about the
subject of the sentence and expresses
actions, events, or states of being.
Every sentence will contain at least one
verb. The verb is the key element of
the predicate of a sentence.
Kinds of verbs: active, passive, helping
Sample Verb Usage
1. Susie jogs for exercise (active verb - present
tense).
2. After the game we visited with our friends.
(active verb - simple past tense)
3. I have* applied for a new job. (active verb present perfect tense)
* have is being used as a helping verb
4. The coach is a great motivator. (passive or
linking verb)
2. Noun
A noun is a word used to
name a person, animal,
place, thing, or an abstract
idea.
Kinds of Nouns
• Common nouns: (see next slide)
• Proper nouns: titles*, people or place names
* ONLY when they refer to a specific person: e.g. President
Bush, the president of the company
• Collective nouns: one word used to define a
group of objects – e.g. team, a pack of wolves)
• Verbal nouns (gerunds): a verb that ends in –
ing and acts like a noun – e.g. Swimming is fun.
Categories of Common Nouns
People
individual
citizen
person
Places
beach
hotel
heaven
Visible
Things
Ideas
moose
tree
bench
freedom
religion
friendship
Actions
decision
treatment
reward
dismay
happiness
strength
courage
Conditions health
Qualities
wisdom
Places for Nouns
• The subject of the sentence OR clause
e.g. He wanted pizza for dinner. When I went to Italy, I had
fun.
• The direct object of an action verb
e.g. I sent Colin to the store.
• The predicate noun that follows a
linking or passive verb
e.g. Swimming is fun.
• The object of a preposition
e.g. I sent Colin to the store.
3. Pronoun
A pronoun is a word that takes the
place of a noun. Proper pronoun
usage helps sentences to be less
cumbersome and repetitive.
The antecedent is the noun for
which the pronoun stands.
For pronouns we need to think in
terms of number and person.
Places for Pronouns
• Subject:
I have ninety-five American Literature students!
It is dark in the cave.
They and we liked that movie.
• Object:
I went to the dance with him.
My father made a homework chart for us.
The report was read by Maggie and him.
4. Adjective
An adjective is a word that
describes a noun or pronoun.
An adjective can answer one of
these questions:
What kind?
Which one?
How many?
Adjective placement
• Normally, adjectives come before the nouns they
describe.
e.g. The pretty girl answered her phone.
• PREDICATE ADJECTIVE: When the verb in a
sentence is a special verb (be, feel, taste, smell, sound,
look, appear, seem) then the adjective comes AFTER the
noun it describes.
e.g. The dog was ugly.
The food tasted bad.
The music sounded good.
5. Adverb
An adverb describes (modifies) a verb, an
adjective, or another adverb.
An adverb can answer one of these questions:
How (or in what manner)?
When?
Where?
How often?
To what extent or degree?
MANY, but NOT ALL, adverbs end in –ly!!
Modifying with adverbs
•Modifying verbs:
She sang beautifully. (beautifully tells how she sang)
•Modifying adjectives:
That woman is extremely nice. (nice is an adjective that
modifies woman)
•Modifying adverbs:
Becky learned her lines very quickly. (very describes how
quickly; quickly is an adverb that tells how she learned her
lines)
6. Preposition
A preposition is a word that relates a
noun or pronoun that appears with it to
another word in the sentence.
The preposition, any adjectives, and the
word it appears with (object of the
preposition) make up the prepositional
phrase.
Prepositional expressions
•
•
•
•
Time (on, in, at, since, during, for, within)
Place (on, in, at, inside, over)
Direction (to, onto, in, into)
Spatial relationship (ahead, against, across,
above)
• Introduce objects of verbs (You didn’t laugh at
his joke.) at, of, for
Example Prepositional Phrases
1. The dog chased the cat under the bed.
2. After class the students raced down
the hall.
3. Without help we would have been
trapped under the bridge.
4. After the council meeting I got a letter
regarding my dog.
5. During the game we went to the new
restaurant.
7. Conjunction
A conjunction is a word used
to connect words, phrases, or
clauses.
Most Common Conjunctions
Coordinating Conjunctions – connect similar kinds
of words or groups of words that are grammatically alike
for and nor but or yet so
Subordinating Conjunctions
conjunctions that connect two ideas by making one of the
ideas subordinate or less important, than the other idea.
after
although
as
as if
as long as
as soon as
as though
because
before
even if
even though
if
in order that
lest
now that
since
so that
than
though
till
unless
until
when
whenever
where
8. Interjection
An interjection is a word that expresses feeling
or emotion and functions independently of a
sentence.
Wow! That was a great game!
Hey! That kid just stole my lunch money!