Transcript The Parts of Speech - New Lenox School District 122

The Parts of Speech
Noun: a noun is a word that names a person,
place, thing, or idea.
Ex: Mrs. Gagan, New Lenox, dog
Mrs. Gagan walks her dog in the morning.
Pronoun: a pronoun is a word used in place of a noun or
another pronoun.
Ex: she, him, everybody
She told everyone at the party that I broke the vase.
Subject- a noun or a pronoun that the sentence is about.
Kelly borrowed my skirt this morning.
Verb: a verb is a word that expresses an action or a
state of being; verb forms usually change to show the
time of the action.
Ex: running, is, have been told
I am not going to the movies tonight.
Predicate: tells about the subject, what the subject
does, did, or was.
Ex: The child is very sleepy.
Adjective: an adjective is a word that modifies, or
defines by describing, a noun or pronoun; it tells which
one, how many, what kind, or how much; often, it
comes before the noun it modifies.
Ex: silly, wonderful, good
My dog is loud and annoying.
Article: used as an adjective
Ex: a, an, the
The teacher gave a pop quiz.
Adverb: an adverb is a word that modifies a verb, an
adjective, or another adverb; it tells where, when,
how, or to what extent.
Ex: well, happily, not, extraordinarily
I happily accepted the award.
Conjunction: a conjunction is a word that connects words or
groups of words.
Ex: and, or, but, so, because
Colin and James bought tickets to the game, but they didn’t go.
Interjection: an interjection is a word or group of
words that shows feeling or sudden emotion; an
interjection can stand by itself.
Ex: wow, hey, oh my
Ouch! I just hit my head!
Preposition: a preposition is a word that shows how a
noun or pronoun is related to some other word in the
sentence. Many prepositions indicate direction,
position, or relation in time.
Ex: across, under, at, in, until
I walked across the street to my car.
Form and Function
Form- The part of speech the word is.
Form-
Wow! Sara and Kristen ran in the marathon!
Form-
Kristen could barely make it across the finish line.
D.O.L.
Label the form of each word in the following
sentences.
Form
1. I parked my ugly car around the corner.
Form
2. Ugh, I am so exhausted from my run.
Function- The job the part of speech does. Start
by labeling the subject and predicate.
Form
I know many crazy people at school.
Function
Form
Noun
Function
1. Subject
2. Direct Object
3. Indirect Object
4. Object of the
Preposition
5. Predicate Noun
6. Adjective
Pronoun
1. Same as noun
(possessive pronouns
function as adjectives)
Verb
1. Predicate
(action, linking, helping)
Adjective
1. Adjective
2. Predicate Adjective
(follow linking verbs and
describe the subject.)
Adverb
1. Adverb
Article
1. Adjectives
Conjunction
1. Conjunction
Interjection
1. Interjection
Preposition
1. Preposition
Noun and Pronoun
Functions
Subject- The subject of a sentence is main noun. It’s
what the sentence is about.
My dog only has three legs. (Dog is what the
sentence is about.)
Obviously, the election is over. (Election is what
the sentence is about.)
Direct Object- The direct object is NOT the subject of
the sentence. It is the noun receiving the action of a
verb. A direct object can be found by asking Whom?
or What? after an action verb.
The message reached the lawyer.
(The message reached whom? LAWYER =
Direct Object)
Wanda threw the flowers.
(Wanda threw what? FLOWERS=Direct Object)
Indirect Object- An indirect object comes after an
action verb and before a direct object. An indirect
object answers the question to whom or to what after
an action verb.
I told him the story.
(I told what? STORY =Direct Object.)
(To whom did I tell the story to? HIM =
Indirect Object)
Object of the Preposition- The object of the
preposition is the noun or pronoun that comes
after the preposition to create a prepositional
phrase.
The girls played near the gym.
(NEAR is a preposition. GYM is the noun
that follows the preposition; therefore,
near the gym is a prepositional phrase.)
You should drive with us.
(WITH is a preposition. US is the pronoun that
follows the preposition; therefore, with us is a
prepositional phrase.
Predicate Noun and Pronoun- A predicate noun or a
predicate pronoun follows a linking verb and renames
or identifies the subject of the sentence.
Ronnie will be the captain of our team.
(The predicate noun Captain follows the linking
verbs will be and renames the subject Ronnie.
Adjectives- When a noun is used as an adjective, it
comes before another noun and answers the
question What kind? Or Which one?
The court date was set for tomorrow morning.
(Court and Date are both nouns. In this
sentence, however, court tells us What kind
of date? = COURT. It is functioning like an
adjective. )
D.O.L.
Label the form and function of each word.
Form
Mia bought me a very expensive sweater.
Function
D.O.L.
Label the form and function of each word.
Form
James and Theo are going to the movies tonight.
Function
Clauses
Independent Clause- a group of words
that contain both a subject and a
predicate and that can stand by itself as
a complete sentence.
The characters are very interesting.
Subordinate Clause- a group of
words containing both a subject and
a predicate that cannot stand by
itself as a complete sentence.
Subordinate clauses begin with a
subordinating conjunction.
Although I bought the car
Important Subordinating Conjunctions
after
although
as
as if
as long as
as soon as
as though
because
before
if
in order that
since
that
so that
than
though
till
unless
until
when
whenever
where
wherever
while
Sentence Types
Simple Sentence
A simple sentence has one subject and one predicate
and expresses a complete thought.
A simple sentence = An independent clause
Example:
Joe reads.
I have a headache.
Compound Sentence
A compound sentence is two complete sentences
(two independent clauses) joined by a comma and a
coordinating conjunction or by a semi colon.
1. Comma before the coordinating conjunction (and,
for, nor, but, yet, so, or)
Joe reads books, and he eats pizza
I have a headache, and my stomach aches.
2. Semi-colon between the independent clauses.
Joe reads book; he really likes historical fiction
novels.
I have a headache; my stomach aches.
3. Semi-colon before a conjunctive adverb and a
comma after. (also, besides, furthermore,
however, indeed, instead, moreover,
nevertheless, otherwise, then, therefore, thus)
I have a headache; also, my stomach aches.
Complex Sentence
Complex sentences consist of one independent clause
and one or more subordinate clauses. Subordinating
conjunctions: after, although, as, because, before, if,
since, than, though, unless, until, when, whenever,
where, whereas, wherever, while.
Example:
After I ate dinner, I watched some television.
Complex Sentences continuedIf the sentence begins with a subordinating conjunction,
then a comma must set off the dependent clause.
If the subordinating conjunction comes in the middle of
the sentence, no comma is needed.
Example: I don’t need a comma in this sentence
because the subordinating conjunction is in the middle.
Compound-Complex Sentence- consists of two or more
independent clauses and one or more subordinate
clauses.
Example:
I have a headache because the music was so loud, so I
took an ibuprofen when I got home.
D.O.L.
Identify the sentence as simple, compound, complex, or
compound-complex. Circle subordinate clauses and
underline independent clauses.
1.
Since I woke up late this morning, I was tardy for
school.
2.
I have a detention after school, and my mom is
upset with me.
Sentence Fragments
A sentence fragment is a group of words that does
not express a complete thought.
A sentence fragment leaves out something important,
such as the subject, the verb, or sometimes both.
•Greg Ridley, the main character in “The Treasure of
Lemon Brown.” (missing verb)
•Shows Greg his treasure. (missing a subject)
•With the Scorpions. (missing a subject and a verb)
Corrections:
•Greg Ridley, the main character in “The Treasure of
Lemon Brown,” is failing math.
•Lemon Brown shows Greg his treasure.
•Greg has to improve his grades in order to play ball
with the Scorpions.
Run-on Sentences
A run-on sentence results when two or more
sentences are incorrectly written as one.
•In “Born Worker,” Jose believes in hard work his
cousin Arnie is lazy and spoiled. (Incorrect)
Corrections:
•In “Born Worker,” Jose believes in hard work.
His cousin Arnie is lazy and spoiled. (two
separate sentences)
•In “Born Worker,” Jose believes in hard work,
but his cousin Arnie is lazy and spoiled. (add a
comma and coordinating conjunction)
•In “Born Worker,” Jose believes in hard work;
however, his cousin Arnie is lazy and spoiled.
(add a semicolon, a conjunctive adverb, and
a comma)
•In “Born Worker,” Jose believes in hard work;
his cousin Arnie is lazy and spoiled. (add a
semicolon between sentences)
D.O.L.
Identify each sentence as a fragment or
a run-on and make corrections.
1. Entitled to a good education.
2. Tony hates vegetables he only eats meat.