Transcript Also plural commands

AFFIRMATIVE FORMAL
COMMANDS
Also plural commands
STEPS FOR SUCCESS!
 1. To form an affirmative formal command,
• Substitute the –o of the present tense yo form of a verb with an
–e for –ar verbs
• OR with an –a for –er and –ir verbs.
 2. To make the plural (Uds.) command by adding the letter –n to the
singular formal command.
 Verbs with changes in their stem in the present tense usually have the
same change in the formal command.
NOTE
Like tú in singular informal commands, usted (Ud) or
ustedes(Uds) are usually omitted from the formal/plural
commands.
Remember? ¡Hable español! The “tú” is not written out.
infinitive
Yo form
stem
Singular
formal
command
Plural
commands
Hablar
Hablo
Habl-
Hable Ud.
Hablen Uds.
Comer
Como
Com-
Coma Ud.
Coman Uds.
Escribir
Escribo
Escrib-
Escriba Ud.
Escriban
Uds.
Cerrar
Cierro
Cierr-
Cierre Ud.
Cierren Uds.
Volver
Vuelvo
Vuelv-
Vuelva Ud.
Vuelvan
Uds.
Seguir
Sigo
Sig-
Siga Ud.
Sigan Uds.
TRANSLATE
 Look at the blackboard
 Mire Ud. (Miren Uds.) la pizzara.
 Read the book.
 Lea Ud. (Lean Uds.) el libro.
 Close the window
 Cierre Ud. (Cierren Uds) la ventana.
BUMMER…IRREGULARS!
Muy triste…sigh
A few verbs have irregular FORMAL and
PLURAL commands.
IRREGULAR FORMAL AND PLURAL
COMMANDS
infinitive
Ud. command
Uds. command
Dar
Dé Ud.
Den Uds.
Estar
Esté Ud.
Estén Uds.
Ir
Vaya Ud.
Vayan Uds.
Saber
Sepa Ud.
Sepan Uds.
Ser
Sea Ud.
Sean Uds.
REMEMBER OBJECT AND
R E F L E X I V E P RO N O U N S ?
 In our informal affirmative commands
• They (Object pronouns and reflexive pronouns) are attached to
the affirmative formal commands.
• Accent marks come into play to maintain the original emphasis on
the words.
 Dígame Ud. (Tell me)
 Escríbanlas Uds. (write them)
 Levántense Uds. (stand up)
A CULTURAL NOTE:
Direct commands may be considered rude…so
be careful!
For this reason, por favor is frequently added to
soften them.
NOSOTROS COMMANDS
NOSOTROS COMMANDS
 This form allows you to suggest that others do some
activity with you and it is equivalent to “let’s (do something)”
in English.
 It is formed by substituting the –o of the present tense yo
form of a verb with an –emos for MOST –ar verbs, or –amos
for MOST –er and –ir verbs.
SOME NOTES…
 Stem changing –ar and –er verbs DO NOT REQUIRE a
stem change in the nosotros/nosotras command.
 Stem changing –ir verbs REQUIRE a stem change.
 IRREGULAR…The affirmative nosotros/nostras
command for the verb ir is Vamos (let’s go)
NOSOTROS COMMANDS
infinitive
Yo form
Nosotros command
Hablar
Hablo
Hablemos…
Comer
Como
Comamos…
Escribir
Escribo
Escribamos…
Cerrar (ie)
Cierro
Cerremos…
Volver (ue)
Vuelvo
Volvamos…
Divertir (ie,i)
Divierto
Divirtamos…
WHAT ABOUT PRONOUNS?
Attached to the end!
Do you see a trend? All of the affirmative have the
pronouns attached to the command, right?
To remember the order for the pronouns…recall the
name of the song!
PRONOUN ORDER
Dí
(Verb)
me
lo
(indirect object pronoun) (direct object pronoun)