Transcript parts of speech packet - Copley

PARTS OF
SPEECH PACKET
English 10
NOUNS
A
noun is a word used to name a person,
place, thing, or idea
 A proper noun is ALWAYS capitalized and
it names a specific person, place, or
thing.
 Examples of proper nouns: McDonalds,
Copley High School, Ohio, Romeo and
Juliet
NOUNS
A
common noun is not capitalized and
does not name a specific noun
 Examples of common nouns: restaurant,
school, state, movie
 A compound noun is a noun made up of
two or more words
 Examples of compound nouns: highchair,
Declaration of Independence, bookshelf
NOUNS

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A concrete noun can be identified by any of
the five senses (you can see it, touch it, taste
it, hear it, smell it)
Examples of concrete nouns: rose, wind,
chicken, thunder, poison
An abstract noun cannot be identified by any
of the five senses. Usually it refers to an idea
or feeling
Examples of abstract nouns: happiness,
sadness, hate
PRONOUNS
A
pronoun is a word used in place of a
noun or more than one noun.
Ex: Lian showed her dad how to use the
computer program. Computers had always
baffled him.
The most commonly used pronouns are the
personal pronouns.
PRONOUNS
 First
person: I, my, mine, me, we, our, ours,
us
 Second person: you, your, yours
 Third person: he, his, him, she, her, hers, it,
its, they, their, theirs, them
PRONOUNS
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Relative pronouns: Introduce adjective and
noun clauses; these do NOT begin questions
Examples: who, whom, whose, which, that
Ex: Buy the shirt that is green.
Interrogative pronouns: Begin questions
Examples: Who…? Whom…? Whose…?
Which…? What…?
Ex: Who bought the shirt?
PRONOUNS
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Demonstrative pronouns: point out specific
persons or things
Ex: this, that, these, those
Ex: Look at that! These are great!
Reflexive pronouns: refer to the subject in a
sentence and direct the action of the verb
back to the subject
Ex: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself,
ourselves, yourselves, themselves
Ex: She gave herself a pat on the back.
PRONOUNS
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Indefinite pronouns: refer to persons or things not
specifically named.
Examples: all, any, anybody, both, each,
everyone, everything, few, many, more, neither,
nobody, none, no one, one, other, several, some,
somebody, someone
Ex: One piece of chicken is enough.
*Intensive pronouns (pronouns ending in ‘self’ or
‘selves’) are used to emphasize the word before it
Ex: Tony himself carried the large box.
ADJECTIVES
 An
adjective is a word used to describe a
noun or a pronoun. Adjectives tell “what
kind?” “which one?” or “how
many/much?”
 Some words may be used as either
adjectives or as pronouns.
 To tell them apart, remember that
adjectives modify nouns or pronouns and
pronouns take the place of nouns.
ADJECTIVES
 Ex:
Each person was told to take shelter.
 Adjective
 Ex: The police officer handed each of us
directions to the shelter.
 Pronoun
ADJECTIVES
 Some
nouns may be used as adjectives.
 Ex: Hurricane winds battered the coast.
 Adjective
 Ex: During the hurricane several houses
were washed out to sea.
 Noun
ADJECTIVES
 Articles
are also technically adjectives
because they modify nouns or pronouns.
 Examples: a, an, and the.
VERBS
A
verb expresses an action or a state of
being.
 A physical action verb describes an
action that can be seen or heard.
 Examples: run, hit, jump, dance, sing
 A mental action verb described an action
that CANNOT be seen or heard.
 Examples: think, worry, believe, feel,
understand, anticipate
VERBS
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A verb phrase consists of the main verb and
its helping verbs, also called auxiliary verbs.
Examples: She is going to the store
He must have wanted the video game.
Note: If any of the “helping verbs” stand
alone, they are linking verbs.
Also, if a word, such as “seems,” or “feels” can
be replaced by “am,” “is,” “are,” “was,” or
“were,” it is a linking verb.
VERBS

All of the words below are helping verbs. Some of
them can stand alone as linking (state of being
verbs), as well.
 Have, has, had,
 Do, does, did,
 Be, am, is, are,
 Was, were, been,
 Can, could,
 Shall, should,
 Will, would,
 May, might,
 Must, being
VERBS
 IMPORTANT:
The words not, so, and very
are NEVER part of the verb phrase.
ADVERBS
An adverb is a word used to modify a verb,
adjective, or another adverb.
An adverb answers the following questions:
how? when? where? or to what extent?
Ex: We stayed inside. [The adverb inside
modifies the verb stayed and tells where.]
Ex: It was an unusually quiet morning. [The
adverb unusually modifies the adjective quiet
and tells how.]
The dog barked quite loudly. [The adverb quite
modifies the adverb loudly and tells to what extent.]
ADVERBS
 The
most frequently used, and often
overworked, adverbs are too, so, and
very.
 Also, if a word ends in –ly, it is usually an
adverb.
PREPOSITIONS
A
preposition is a word used to show the
relationship of a noun or a pronoun to
some other word in the sentence.
PREPOSITION RULES
 1.
A preposition always introduces a
phrase.
 2. A prepositional phrase must end with a
noun or a pronoun which is called the
object of the preposition.
 3. There CANNOT be TWO prepositions
located next to each other. The first one
will probably be an adverb if that is the
case.
PREPOSITIONS
A
word may either be a preposition or an
adverb, depending on how it’s used.
 Ex: When they reached the bridge, they
marched across.
 Adverb
 Ex: They marched across the bridge.
 Preposition
CONJUNCTIONS
A
conjunction is a word used to join words
or groups of words.
 Conjunctions that join equal parts of a
sentence are called coordinating
conjunctions.
 The coordinating conjunctions are
FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
CONJUNCTIONS
 Conjunctions
that are used in pairs are
called correlative conjunctions.
 The correlative conjunctions are
both…and
 Not only…but also
 Either…or
 Neither…nor
 Whether…or
CONJUNCTIONS



COPY THIS IN BLANK AREA
ON CONJUNCTION PAGE
When punctuating a sentence using a
conjunction, use a comma BEFORE the
conjunction if it connects two complete
sentences. If the two parts are not complete
sentences, then do not use a comma.
Ex: I am going to the store and to the movies.
Ex: I am going to the store, and then I am
going to the movies.
INTERJECTIONS
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An interjection is a word that expresses
emotion and has no grammatical relation to
other words in the sentence.
An interjection is usually followed by a(n)
exclamation point.
An interjection that shows only mild emotion is
set off by a(n) comma.
Ex: Wow! I can’t believe we won that game in
the final second!
Ex: Well, it certainly was an exciting game,
wasn’t it?