Transcript Spanish 102 Midterm Review

SPANISH 102
Midterm Review
VOCABULARIO ESENCIAL
Chapter 6 Vocabulary Review:
https://quizlet.com/_26awiy
Chapter 7 Vocabulary Review:
https://quizlet.com/_27k0bg
ESTRUCTURAS GRAMATICALES
Chapter 6
6.3: Preterite Tense of Regular Verbs
Chapter 7
7.1: Reflexive Verbs
7.3: Ser and Ir
7.4: Verbs Like Gustar
6.3: Preterite Tense of Regular Verbs
In order to talk about events in the
past, Spanish uses two simple tenses: the
preterite and the imperfect. In this lesson, you
will learn how to form the preterite tense, which
is used to express actions or states completed in
the past.
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6.3-4
6.3: Preterite Tense of Regular Verbs
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6.3-5
6.3: Preterite Tense of Regular Verbs
 ¡Atención! The yo and Ud./él/ella forms of all three
conjugations have written accents on the last syllable to
show that it is stressed.
 As the chart shows, the endings for regular
-er and -ir verbs are identical in the preterite.
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6.3-6
6.3: Preterite Tense of Regular Verbs
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6.3-7
6.3: Preterite Tense of Regular Verbs
■ Note that the nosotros/as forms of regular
-ar and -ir verbs in the preterite are identical to the present
tense forms. Context will help you determine which tense is
being used.
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6.3-8
6.3: Preterite Tense of Regular Verbs
■ -Ar and -er verbs that have a stem change in the present
tense are regular in the preterite. They do not have a stem
change.
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6.3-9
6.3: Preterite Tense of Regular Verbs
■ ¡Atención! -Ir verbs that have a stem change in the present
tense also have a stem change in the preterite.
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6.3-10
6.3: Preterite Tense of Regular Verbs
■ Verbs that end in -car, -gar, and -zar have a
spelling change in the first person singular
(yo form) in the preterite.
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6.3-11
6.3: Preterite Tense of Regular Verbs
■ Except for the yo form, all other forms of -car,
-gar, and -zar verbs are regular in the preterite.
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6.3-12
6.3: Preterite Tense of Regular Verbs
■ Three other verbs—creer, leer, and oír—have
spelling changes in the preterite. The i of the verb
endings of creer, leer, and oír carries an accent in
the yo, tú, nosotros/as, and vosotros/as forms,
and changes to y in the Ud./él/ella and
Uds./ellos/ellas forms.
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6.3-13
6.3: Preterite Tense of Regular Verbs
■ Ver is regular in the preterite, but none of its forms has an
accent.
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6.3-14
6.3: Preterite Tense of Regular Verbs
■ Acabar de + [infinitive] is used to say that
something has just occurred. Note that acabar is
in the present tense in this construction.
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6.3-15
6.3: Preterite Tense of Regular Verbs
Provide the appropriate preterite forms of the verbs.
The first item in each column has been done for you.
comer
comieron
1. ellas ______
2. tú ______
3. usted ______
4. nosotros ______
5. yo ______
salir
salieron
______
______
______
______
______
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comenzar
comenzaron
______
______
______
______
______
leer
leyeron
______
______
______
______
______
6.3-16
7.1 Reflexive Verbs
A reflexive verb is used to indicate that the subject
does something to or for himself or herself. In other words, it
“reflects” the action of the verb back to the subject. Reflexive
verbs always use reflexive pronouns.
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7.1-17
7.1 Reflexive Verbs
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7.1-18
7.1 Reflexive Verbs
■ The pronoun se attached to an infinitive identifies the verb
as reflexive: lavarse.
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7.1-19
7.1 Reflexive Verbs
■ When a reflexive verb is conjugated, the reflexive pronoun
agrees with the subject.
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7.1-20
7.1 Reflexive Verbs
■ Like object pronouns, reflexive pronouns generally appear
before a conjugated verb. With infinitives and present
participles, they may be placed before the conjugated verb
or attached to the infinitive or present participle.
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7.1-21
7.1 Reflexive Verbs
■ ¡Atención! When a reflexive pronoun is attached to a present
participle, an accent mark is added to maintain the original
stress.
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7.1-22
7.1 Reflexive Verbs
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7.1-23
7.1 Reflexive Verbs
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7.1-24
7.1 Reflexive Verbs
■ ¡Atención! Parts of the body or clothing are generally not
referred to with possessives, but with articles.
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7.1-25
7.1 Reflexive Verbs
Indica el presente de estos verbos reflexivos.
El primero de cada columna ya está conjugado.
despertarse
despiertan
1. Mis hermanos se
____________
tarde.
2. Tú ______ tarde.
3. Nosotros ______ tarde.
4. Benito ______ tarde.
5. Yo ______ tarde.
ponerse
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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se pone una chaqueta.
Él ________
Yo ______ una chaqueta.
Usted ______ una chaqueta.
Nosotras ______ una chaqueta.
Las niñas ______ una
chaqueta.
7.1-26
7.3 Ser and Ir
In Lección 6, you learned how to form the preterite
tense of regular -ar, -er, and -ir verbs. The following chart
contains the preterite forms of ser (to be) and ir (to go). Since
these forms are irregular, you will need
to memorize them.
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7.3-27
7.3 Ser and Ir
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7.3-28
7.3 Ser and Ir
■ Since the preterite forms of ser and ir are identical, context
clarifies which of the two verbs is being used.
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7.3-29
7.3 Ser and Ir
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7.3-30
7.3 Ser and Ir
Completa las oraciones usando el pretérito de ser e ir.
La primera oración de cada columna se da como ejemplo.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
fueron a Perú.
Los viajeros ________
Patricia _____ a Cuzco.
Tú _____ a Iquitos.
Gregorio y yo _____ a Lima.
Yo _____ a Trujillo.
Ustedes _____ a Arequipa.
Mi padre _____ a Lima.
Nosotras _____ a Cuzco.
Él _____ a Machu Picchu.
Usted _____ a Nazca.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
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fue muy amable.
Usted _______
Yo _____ muy cordial.
Ellos _____ simpáticos.
Nosotros _____ muy tontos.
Ella _____ antipática.
Tú _____ muy generoso.
Ustedes _____ cordiales.
La gente _____ amable.
Tomás y yo _____ muy felices.
Los profesores _____ buenos.
7.3-31
7.4 Verbs like Gustar
In Lección 2, you learned how to express preferences
with gustar. You will now learn more about the verb gustar and
other similar verbs. Observe these examples.
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7.4-32
7.4 Verbs like Gustar
■ As the examples show, constructions with gustar
do not have a direct equivalent in English. The
literal meaning of this construction is to be
pleasing to (someone), and it requires the use of
an indirect object pronoun.
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7.4-33
7.4 Verbs like Gustar
■ In the diagram before, observe how in the Spanish
sentence the object being liked (ese champú) is
really the subject of the sentence.
The person who likes the object, in turn, is an
indirect object because it answers the question: To
whom is the shampoo pleasing?
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7.4-34
7.4 Verbs like Gustar
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7.4-35
7.4 Verbs like Gustar
■ Other verbs in Spanish are used in the same way
as gustar. Here is a list of the most common
ones.
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7.4-36
7.4 Verbs like Gustar
■ ¡Atención! Faltar expresses what is lacking or missing.
Me falta una página.
I’m missing one page.
■ Quedar expresses how much of something
is left.
Nos quedan tres pesos.
We have three pesos left.
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7.4-37
7.4 Verbs like Gustar
 ¡Atención! (cont.) Quedar also means to fit.
It can be used to tell how something looks (on someone).
Estos zapatos me quedan bien.
These shoes fit me well.
Esa camisa te queda muy bien.
That shirt looks good on you.
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7.4-38
7.4 Verbs like Gustar
■ The most commonly used verb forms with gustar and similar
verbs are the third person (singular and plural). When the object
or person being liked is singular, the singular form (gusta) is
used. When two or more objects or persons are being liked, the
plural form (gustan) is used. Observe the following diagram:
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7.4-39
7.4 Verbs like Gustar
■ To express what someone likes or does not like to do, use an
appropriate verb followed by an infinitive. The singular form is
used even if there is more than one infinitive.
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7.4-40
7.4 Verbs like Gustar
■ As you learned in Lección 2, the construction
a + [pronoun] (a mí, a ti, a usted, a él, etc.) is used to clarify or
to emphasize who is pleased, bored, etc. The construction a +
[noun] can also be used before the indirect object pronoun to
clarify or to emphasize who is pleased.
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7.4-41
7.4 Verbs like Gustar
■ ¡Atención! Mí (me) has an accent mark to distinguish it from
the possessive adjective mi (my).
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7.4-42
7.4 Verbs like Gustar
Indica el pronombre del objeto indirecto y la forma del tiempo presente adecuados
en cada oración. La primera oración de cada columna se da como ejemplo.
fascinar
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
A él __________
le fascina le fascina viajar.
A mí _____ bailar.
A nosotras _____ cantar.
A ustedes _____ leer.
A ti _____ correr.
A Pedro _____ gritar.
A mis padres _____ caminar.
A usted _____ jugar al tenis.
A mi esposo y a mí _____ dormir.
A Alberto _____ dibujar.
A todos _____ opinar.
A Pili _____ ir de compras.
aburrir
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
A ellos ___________
les aburren los deportes.
A ti _____las películas.
A usted _____ los viajes.
A mí _____ las revistas.
A Jorge y a Luis _____ los perros.
A nosotros _____ las vacaciones.
A ustedes _____ las fiestas.
A Marcela _____ los libros.
A mis amigos _____ los museos.
A ella _____ el ciclismo.
A Omar _____ el Internet.
A ti y a mí _____ el baile.
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7.4-43