Transcript ChAPTER 49

Ch. 49?
in
What’s
I. IMPERSONAL VERBS (page 167)
 To translate most impersonal verbs, use “it” to translate into English.
Ex.: ningit = it is snowing
Many Latin impersonal verbs are not used impersonally in English:
me oportet = I ought
 most commonly govern the accusative or dative case of the person.
mihi licet = I may
 impersonal verbs often take a complementary infinitive.
II. Intransitive verbs in the passive (page 168)
 Intransitive verbs must be used impersonally in the passive
 Verbs of motion in the passive impersonal  you must supply a subject
from the context
 Verbs which take the dative are used impersonally in the passive: mihi
persuadetur = I am persuaded.
P.S. The genders of 3rd Declension nouns (page 169)
 Caesar Augustus (page 97)
The Short List for this chapter’s vocab:
dēleō, dēlēre, dēlēvī, dēlētus/a/um = to destroy
cōnfirmō, cōnfirmāre, cōnfirmāvī, cōnfirmātus/a/um = to strengthen, encourage
cēdō, cēdere, cessī, cesssus/a/um = to yield, give way to (+ dative)
restituō, restituere, restituī, restitūtus/a/um = to restore
adiciō, adicere, adiēcī, adiectus/a/um = to add to
minor, minārī, minātus sum = to threaten (+ dative)
assequor, assequī, assecūtus sum = to pursue, catch up, attain
iuvō, iuvāre, iūvī, iūtus/a/um = to help; to please; often used impersonally:
mē iuvat, iuvāre, mē iūvit + ACCUSATIVE + infinitive = it delights me
licet, licēre, licuit + DATIVE + infinitive = it is allowed, permitted
opportet, opportēre, opportuit + ACCUSATIVE + infinitive = it behooves  one ought
to
placet, placēre, placuit + DATIVE + infinitive = it pleases  to decide
mihi placet = it pleases me or I decide
taedet, taedēre, taeduit, taesum est + ACCUSATIVE of the person bored + GENITIVE
of the thing/person that is boring + infinitive = it bores
mē taedet ludī = I am bored of school or school bores me
accidit, accidere, accidit, _____ + DATIVE + ut = (it) happens (impersonal)
prōvincia, prōvinciae F. = province
exsilium, exsiliī N. = exile
saeculum, saeculī N. = generation, age
aetās, aetātis F = age
gēns, gentis F = race, people
cōnsēnsus, cōnsēnsus M. = agreement
fās (indeclinable) N. = right (especially divine or moral right, as opposed to legal
right)
nēfās (indeclinable) N. = wrong, crime (especially divine or moral crime, as
opposed to legal crime or scelus)
quis? = who?, quid? = what? (This is used in questions)
quis, quis, quid = anyone, anything
(short for aliquis, aliquis, aliquid) “after sī, nisi, num and nē, all the “ali’s drop away.”
barbarus, barbara, barbarum = barbarian
ūniversī, ūniversae, ūniversa = all
validus, valida, validum = strong, healthy
ultrā + ACCUSATIVE = beyond
quasi = as if
I. Impersonal verbs (definition) :
2. Give at least 6 examples of impersonal verbs + their meanings:
“it is raining” =
“it is snowing” =
“it was shining” =
“it is thundering” =
3. What is the impersonal ending on perfect participles?
Give 3+ Examples:
4. Accusative : give 4+ examples of impersonal verbs that take
the accusative of the person (+ infinitive):
5. Dative : give 3+ examples of impersonal verbs that take the
dative of the person (+ infinitive):
6. Impersonal verbs are often followed by
an
(Select: interjection / infinitive / imperative /
relative clause of purpose), and if the
impersonal verb is a “verb of the head”
they will often introduce
! (Select: brain
damage / malware / indirect statement / relative
clause of characteristic)
49.1
1. Octaviānō placuit in Oriente morārī.
2. necesse erat prōvinciās praesidiīs cōnfīrmāre.
3. tandem eī licuit Romam redīre.
4. omnēs cīvēs bellōrum cīvīlium taeduit.
49.1
5. quandō nōbīs licēbat pāce fruī ?
6. nōs oportet Octaviānō pārēre, quod pācem
populō Romānō restituit.
7. Maecēnatem iuvābat poētās fovēre.
49.1
8. Quintum urbis strepitūs taedēbat.
9. Maecēnātī placuit Quintō fundum dare.
10. Quintum oportuit Rōmam redīre sed eī
placuit in fundō manēre.
RULE
:
Intransitive verbs must be used impersonally in the passive.
II. What is an intransitive verb? Explain:
2. Explain the rule given above & give an example
from Latin:
3. Translate: Ferōciter pugnātur:
Ferōciter pugnātum est:
4. Another related idea: Verbs of motion can be used impersonally in the passive:
Verbs of motion (go, come, run, arrive, etc) can be used impersonally
in the passive, BUT (1) translate them in the ACTIVE voice & (2)
supply a subject form context. [they make no sense in the English passive]
EXAMPLE: Ad silvam itur = They/we/you’ll* come to the forest. (*supply subject
from the context)
TRANSLATE:
Ad silvam itum est =
Ad silvam ibitur =
per viās errātum est. =
undique concurritur =
undique concursum est =
in eandem speluncam venitur =
in eandem speluncam ventum est =
RULE: Verbs that take the dative case (in the
active) become Impersonal verbs in the passive
Example : captīvīs parcitur = it is being spared to the captives  “the captives are being spared.”
Translate:
1. captīvīs parsum est =
2. mihi persuādētur =
3. tibi persuāsum est =
4. Cleopātrae imperābitur =
5. Cleopātrae imperātum erat =
6. tibi ignōscētur =
7. vōbīs ignōtum est =
49.2
1. Antoniō nuntiātum est Octaviānum
omnibus cum copiīs in Aegyptum prōgredī.
2. eī placuit prope Alexandrīam proelium
committere.
49.2
3. terrā marīque ferociter pugnātum est;
tandem tamen Antoniī copiae fugerent.
4. omnibus captivīs ab Octaviānō parsum est.
49.2
5. Octavianī copiae Alexandrīam progressae
sunt. ubi in urbem ventum est, nuntium ad
Cleopatram mīsit.
6. Cleopatrae imperātum est ut turrem
relinqueret.
49.2
7. nuntius ‘si te dedideris,’ inquit, ‘tibi
ignoscētur.’
8. sed eī non persuāsum est ut sē dederet.
49.3
Translate the following into Latin, using impersonal verbs for the phrases in bold.
1. We set out at the first hour and hurried into
the hills; before midday we reached the
top of the mountain.
2. We decided (= it was pleasing to us) to
wait there for two hours.
49.3
Translate the following into Latin, using impersonal verbs for the phrases in bold.
3. But we were not allowed to rest for long.
4. For a shepherd warned us not to delay,
and we were persuaded to descend at once.
49.3
Translate the following into Latin, using impersonal verbs for the phrases in bold.
5. It was a long and difficult journey, and
before we reached home, I was tired of the
mountains.
6. It irked most people to sit around the tree.
More Sentence Practice (Put translations in your composition book):
1. scelus istud faterī tibi necesse est.
(fateor, fatērī, fessus sum =
admit)
2. necesse est (ut) scelus istud fateāris. (fateor, fatērī, fessus sum = admit)
3. oportēbat nos abīre quod orationem Catilinae audīre nolēbāmus.
4. nōnne licebit Caesāri de hīs rēbus sententiam dīcere?
More Sentence Practice (Put translations in your composition book):
5. me ipsum amēs oportet. (= oportet ut me ipsum amēs.)
6. sapiēns scit omnes homines perīre necesse est.
7. fīlium exspectāre oportet dum redeat pater.
8. tāle mihi liceat carmen scrībere quāle omnes laudābant.
(tāle…quāle = such…as)
More Sentence Practice (Put translations in your composition book):
9. nocte in templum īre nōn licitum est. (licet, licebat, licebit,
licitum erat)
10. honestus sīs omnibus rēbus necesse erit.
(supply ut with sīs)
11. licetne ut consul fiat iste homo? (= licetne istī hominī fierī
consulī?)
12. poēta in exsilium pulsus ōrābat ut Rōmam redīre licēret.
More Sentence Practice (Put translations in your composition book):
13. poēta in exsilium pulsus ōrat ut Rōmam redīre liceat.
14. Bellum aut nōn gerī aut conficī quam primum oportet.
15. Caesaris maximē intererat quid in provinciā fieret.
16. fratris me quidem pudet pigetque. Tēne eius misēret?
More Sentence Practice (Put translations in your composition book):
17. nos misērēbat omnium hominum servitute oppressōrum.
18. cuius cīvis non refert Catilinam sine morā interfici? (refert
= it is important/ it concerns)
19. nihilne putās referre utrum cadat res publica necne?
20. nonne intellegis multum interesse scelus faterī. (see
above)
More Sentence Practice (Put translations in your composition book):
21. quod ē proeliō fugi me pudēbat.
22. mē nōn paenitēbat facere idem quod tu.
23. numquam tuī oblivīscar nec mē pigēbit nostri
amōris meminisse.
24. dīc mihi pudeatnē te tuī sceleris necne.
The gender of 3rd
o Most 3rd declension nouns ending in –er
declension nouns
in the nominative singular are masculine
-er type
o Exceptions: māter (F.), mulier (F.), linter
Ch. 49/P.S.
(F.), iter (N.), vēr (N.)
The gender of 3rd
o Most 3rd declension nouns ending in -or/declension nouns
ōs in the nominative singular are
-or/-ōs type
masculine
Ch. 49/P.S. o Exceptions: soror (F.), uxor (F.),
arbor/arbōs (F.), cor (N.), aequor (N.)
The gender of 3rd
o Most 3rd declension nouns ending in -iō
declension nouns
in the nominative singular are feminine
-iō type
o Exceptions: centuriō (M.), decuriō (M.)
Ch. 49/P.S.
The gender of 3rd
o All 3rd declension nouns ending in -ās in
declension nouns
the nominative singular are feminine
-ās type
o Exceptions: gigās “giant” (M.)
Ch. 49/P.S.
The gender of 3rd
declension nouns
-ūdō type
Ch. 49/P.S.
o All 3rd declension nouns ending in -ūdō
in the nominative singular are feminine
The gender of 3rd
o ALL 3rd declension nouns ending in –e/declension nouns
us/-en in the nominative singular are
-e/-us/-en type
NEUTER
Ch. 49/P.S. Examples: mare (sea), genus (race), corpus
(body, stercus (dung), flūmen (river), lumen
(light)
Finis