Transcript Ch 2 Past Timex

Past Time
CH. 2
Simple Past (2-1)

Simple past is used to talk about activities or situations that began AND
ended in the past (e.g. yesterday, last night, two days ago, in 2010)

Mary walked to town yesterday.

I slept for eight hours last night.

The dogs went to the veterinarian last week.

My sister earned her Master’s degree in 2014.
Simple Past – Regular Verbs

MOST simple past verbs are formed by adding –ed to the end of a verb:
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Walk – walked

Play – played

Jump – jumped

Flow – flowed
Simple Past

Every day I walk.

Yesterday I _____________.

Every day I work.

Yesterday I ______________.
Simple Past

Every night Paula watches TV.
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Last night she ______________ TV.
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Every day we ask questions.

Yesterday we ______________ questions.
Simple Past

Every day you listen to music.

Yesterday you ______________ to music.

Every day people smile.

Yesterday they _______________.
Simple Present vs. Simple Past

Rain

It often __________ in the morning.

It ____________ yesterday.
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Ask
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Sue often __________ questions.

She _____________ a question yesterday.
Simple Present vs. Simple Past

Work

I ____________ at the library every evening.

I ____________ there yesterday evening.

Dream

When I am asleep, I often ___________.

I ____________ about my family last night.
Simple Past – Irregular Verbs
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SOME verbs have irregular past forms.
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Eat – ate
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Sit – sat

Come – cam
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Read – read (pronounced “red”)

Chart 2-4 in your book (p. 32) and the front and back covers of your book
have lists of common irregular verbs.

Don’t ask me WHY we have irregular verbs, it seems quite silly to me, but
I’m not the one who made the grammar rules! It does stink, but the only
way to learn irregular verbs is to memorize them.
Irregular Verbs List

50 Most Common Irregular Verbs in English:

http://www.esl-lounge.com/reference/grammar-reference-mostcommon-irregular-verb-list.php
Irregular Verbs

Do
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We ______ exercises in class every day.
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We ______ exercises in class yesterday.
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Eat

I _____ lunch at noon every day.

I _____ lunch at noon yesterday.
Irregular Verbs

Read

I _________ before bed each night.

Yesterday, I _________ before going to bed.
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Get

I ________ up early every morning.

I _________ up early yesterday.
Irregular Verbs

See

I ______ a movie once a month.

I ______ a movie last month.
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Sleep

I ________ well at night.

Last night I _________ well.
Simple Past of BE

The simple past forms of BE (am/is/are) are was and were:

I was busy yesterday.

We were upset class was canceled.

You were tired after the game.

She was worried about her test score.

They were at home last night.
Simple Past - Statement
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Base form of verb + -ed
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I worked on this lesson plan last night.
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You completed your homework over the weekend.
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She walked to school yesterday.

They traveled to San Antonio over Labor Day Weekend.
Simple Past – Negative Statements
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Subject + Did + Not + Verb
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Note #1: No –ed ending on the verb!!!!!

Note #2: If verb is irregular, use PRESENT tense form.
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I did not complete my homework last night.
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We did not work yesterday because of the holiday.
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You did not fail the quiz.
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She did not sleep well last night.
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They did not study over the weekend.
Simple Past – Negative Statements

I don’t’ go to the park every day. I went to the park last week, but I
_________ there yesterday.

We don’t have rain every day. We had rain two days ago, but we
_____________ rain yesterday.
Simple Past – Negative Statements

Linda doesn’t sit in the front row every day. She sat there yesterday, but
she _____________ there two days ago.

Mrs. Romano and her son don’t talk on the phone every day. They talked
to each other last weekend, but they ___________ on the phone last night.
Simple Past – Yes/No Questions

Did + Subject + Verb?

Note: No –ed ending on verb

Note: If verb is irregular, use PRESENT (base) form.

Did I lock the door?
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Did we pass the test?
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Did you sleep (last night)?

Did she travel (over the weekend)?
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Did they work (yesterday)?
Simple Past – Short Answers
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Affirmative:
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Yes + he/she/I/they/we + did
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Negative:
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No + he/she/I/they/we + did + not
Simple Past – Yes/No Questions

I went to the store yesterday.

She slept last night.

We walked the dogs this morning.
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He called his mom last week.

I flew home for mom’s birthday.

They ate out last weekend.
Simple Past: Be in Statements
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Subject + was/were
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I was in class yesterday.

We were in class yesterday.

You were in class yesterday.

She was in class yesterday.

They were in class yesterday.
Simple Past: Be in Negative

Subject + was/were + not

Was = wasn’t

Were = weren’t
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I was not (wasn’t) sick yesterday.

We were not (weren’t) sick yesterday.

You were not (weren’t) sick yesterday.

He was not (wasn’t) sick yesterday.

They were not (weren’t) sick yesterday.
Simple Past – Be in Yes/No Question
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Was/Were + Subject
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Was I tired last night?
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Were we tired last night?

Were you tired last night?
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Was she tired last night?

Were they tired last night?
Simple Past – Be in Short Answers
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Affirmative:

Yes, Subject was/were

Negative:
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No, Subject was/were not
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Yes, I was

No, I wasn’t

Yes, we were
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No, we weren’t
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Yes, you were

No, you weren’t

Yes, she was

No, she wasn’t

Yes, they were

No, they weren’t
Listening Practice

Complete Exercises 4 & 5, p. 27-28
Practice

Complete exercise 2, p. 27

Complete exercise 3, p. 27

WRITE both a negative statement and an affirmative statement for each.
Spelling of –ing and –ed verb forms (2-2)
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If the verb ends in –e
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-ing form:
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
Drop the –e, add –ing
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Smile – smiling
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Hope - hoping
-ed form:
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Just add –d
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Smile – smiled
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Hope – hoped
Spelling of –ing and –ed verb forms (2-2)

If the verb ends in two consonants


Just add –ing or –ed
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Help – helping – helped
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Learn – learning - learned
If the verb ends in two vowels + one consonant

Just add –ing or –ed
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Rain – raining – rained
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Learn – learning – learned
Spelling of –ing and –ed verb forms (2-2)

If the verb ends in one vowel + one consonant
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One Syllable Verbs:


Double the consonant then add –ing or –ed:
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Stop – stopping – stopped
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Plan – planning - planned
Two Syllable Verbs:


If the first syllable of a two-syllable verb is stressed, do NOT double the consonant:
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Visit – visiting – visited
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Offer – offering - offered
If the second syllable of a two-syllable verb is stressed, double the consonant:
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Prefer – preferring – preferred
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Admit – admitting – admitted
Spelling of –ing and –ed verb forms (2-2)
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If the verb ends in –y
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Verb ends in vowel + -y:
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Keep the –y – DO NOT change the –y to –I
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Play – playing – played
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Enjoy – enjoying - enjoyed
Verb ends in a consonant + -y
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-ing ending


Keep the –y

Worry – worrying

Study - studying
-ed enging

Change –y to –I

Worry – worried

Study – studied
Spelling of –ing and –ed verb forms (2-2)
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If the verb ends in –ie

-ing form:


Change –ie to –y and add –ing

Die – dying

Tie - tying
-ed form:
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Just add –d

Die - Died

Tie - tied
Practice
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Complete exercise 7, p. 29-30
Parts of a Verb (2-3)
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English verbs have four principal forms, or “parts”:


Simple Form:
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Form found in dictionary.

Base form with no endings on it (no –s, -ed, or –ing)
Simple Past:



Regular verbs end in –ed. Irregular verbs have their irregular past form
Past Participle:
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Regular verbs end in –ed. Irregular verbs have a past participle form (see p. 31 or
front/back covers of book)

Used in perfect tenses (ch. 4) and passive sentences (ch. 10)
Present Participle:

Ends in –ing

Used in progressive tenses
Practice

Complete Exercises 10, 11, 13, and 14, p. 33-36
Regular Verbs: Pronunciation of –ed
Endings (2-5)

Final –ed is pronounced /t/ after voiceless sounds

You make a voiceless sound by pushing air through your mouth (no sound comes from your
throat)

Voiceless sounds = /k/, /p/, /s/, /ch/, /sh/
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Examples:
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Talked
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Stopped
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Hissed
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Watched

Washed
Regular Verbs: Pronunciation of –ed
Endings (2-5)

Final –ed is pronounced /d/ after voiced sounds
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You make a voiced sound from your throat (your voice box vibrates)
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Voiced sounds = /l/, /n/, /v/, /b/, and all vowel sounds
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Examples:
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Called
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Rained
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Lived
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Robbed
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Stayed
Regular Verbs: Pronunciation of –ed
Endings (2-5)

Final –ed is pronounced /Əd/ after “t” and “d” sounds

Adding / Əd/ adds an extra syllable to the word

Examples:

Waited

Needed
Listening Practice

Complete Exercises 21, 22, and 23 – p. 39-40
Simple Past & Past Progressive (2-6)

Simple Past is used to talk about an activity of situation that began AND
ended at a particular time in the past.


Particular time in the past = yesterday, last night, two days ago, 2007, etc.
Examples:

Mary walked downtown yesterday.

I slept for eight hours last night.

I graded papers over the weekend.

The dogs played at the dog park on Saturday.
Simple Past & Past Progressive (2-6)

Past Progressive expressed an activity that was in progress (occurring or happening) at a
particular point of time in the past or at the time of another action in the past.
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Examples:

I sat down at the dinner table at 6:00 p.m. yesterday. Tom came to my house at 6:10
p.m.
I

was eating dinner when Tom came.
I went to bed at 10:00. The phone rang at 11:00.
I
was sleeping when the phone rang.
 The
phone rang while I was sleeping
 Note:
when = at that time; while = during that time
Forms of the Past Progressive (2-6)
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

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Statement:

I/She/He/It WAS working

You/We/They WERE working
Negative:

I/She/He/It WAS NOT (WASN’T) WORKING

You/We/They WERE NOT (WEREN’T) WORKING
Question:

WAS I/She/He/It working?
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Were You/We/They working?
Short Answer:
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Yes, (I/she/he/it WAS) –or- Yes, (you/we/they WERE)

No, (I/she/he/it WAS NOT) –or- No, (you/we/they WERE NOT)
Past Continuous

Sitting

I ____________ in class when my phone rang.

Talking

You __________ on the phone during the movie.
Past Continuous

Sleep

He ___________ during class.

Walk

I ___________ my dogs when it started raining.
Past Continuous

Run

They ______________ in the marathon last weekend.

Learn

She ____________ to speak English in her class last summer.
Simple Past vs. Past Continuous

Simple Past = emphasizes the COMPLETION of an event. The event
happened and is over and done with.

Past Continuous = emphasizes an activity or process that started in the
past. The activity may or may not have been completed.

Ask yourself: “Am I talking about a completed event or one that was in
progress?”
Practice

Complete Exercises 26, 27, 30, and 33 – p. 43-47
Using Time Clauses (2-7)

A clause has to have a subject and a verb

Some clauses can be whole sentences on their own. We call these
INDEPENDENT clauses.

I walked to the store.

I graded papers last night.

Some clauses are not a full thought on their own. We call these DEPENDENT
clauses, and they MUST be added to an independent clause.

Time clauses are dependent clauses.


After I finished my work, I went to bed.

Before I graded papers, I fed the dogs.
Time clauses often appear with past tense verbs.
Using Time Clauses (2-7)

A time clause can:

Come in front of the independent (main) clause

After I finished my work, I went to bed.

Before I fed the dogs, I graded papers.

Until I fell asleep, I read a book.


Note: when the time clause comes in front of the main clause, a comma (,) comes between the time clause and the main
clause
Follow the independent (main) clause

I went to bed after I finished my work.

I graded papers before I fed the dogs.

I read a book until I fell asleep.

Note: when the time clause comes after the main clause, we do not separate the two clauses with a comma
Using Time Clauses (2-7)

Time clauses begin with the following words:

After


Before


As soon as I finished my work, I went to bed.
While


I stayed up until I finished my work.
As soon as (immediately after)


Before I went to bed, I finished my homework.
Until (to that time and then no longer)


I went to bed after I finished my homework.
The phone rang while I was watching TV.
When

When the phone rang, I was watching TV.
Using Time Clauses (2-7)

In a sentence with a time clause introduced by WHEN, both the time
clause verb and the main verb can be simple past (even though we
usually use past progressive to talk about an activity going on while
another activity is occurring).

The action in the when-clause happened first

Examples:

When the phone rang, I answered it.

I opened the door when someone knocked.

When the dogs barked, I gave them a treat.
Using Time Clauses (2-7)

When two actions are in progress at the same time, the past progressive
can be used in both the time clause and the main clause.

Examples:

While I was doing my homework, my roommate was watching TV.

While I was grading papers, the dogs were sleeping.

My students were taking notes while I was talking.

I was talking to my sister while it was raining.
Practice

Complete exercises 35, 36, 37, and 38 – p. 49-50
Expressing Past Habit: Used To (2-8)

Used to expresses a past situation or habit that no longer exists at present


Used to + simple form of verb (NOT the past tense form)
Examples:

I used to live with my parents. Now I live in my own apartment.

Ann used to be afraid of dogs, but now she likes dogs.

Al used to smoke, but he doesn’t anymore.

My sister used to teach kindergarten, but not she teaches 4th grade.
Expressing Past Habit: Used To (2-8)

Question Form of Used to:

Did + Subject + used to (or use to) + simple form of verb

Did you used to/use to live in Paris?

Did she used to/use to teach kindergarten?

Did Ann used to/use to have a Jeep?
Expressing Past Habit: Used To (2-8)

Negative Form of Used To:


Did Not (Didn’t) + Used to (or use to) + simple form of verb (UNCOMMON)

I didn’t used to/use to drink coffee, but now I do.

The dogs didn’t used to/use to bark a lot, but they have started to bark more.
Never + used to + simple form of verb (MORE COMMON)

I never used to drink coffee, but now I do.

The dogs never used to bark a lot, but they have started to bark more.
Practice

Complete exercises 41, 44, and 45 – p. 53-54

Complete extra practice (as needed)