Transcript 9th Grade Grammar Review - River Dell Regional School District

th
9
Grade Grammar
Review
Editing Your Work
What can go wrong in a sentence?
 Subject – Verb Agreement
 Pronoun – Antecedent Agreement
 Incorrect Pronoun Case
 Dangling modifier
 Lack of parallelism
 Unclear Pronoun Reference (ambiguous,
general and weak)
 Run-ons – Comma splice/Fragments
 Active Passive Voice
Subject Verb Agreement
The subject must agree with the verb in
number.
He is / are
Tricks for more difficult cases:
• “Trim the fat,” eliminate the “interrupters”
• Know when it’s singular or plural
“Trim the Fat”
When you write a long sentence go over it and
cross out “interrupters” that make you miss
problems with subject – verb agreement.
Try it!
After all, Elizabeth is the strongest candidate
A
for the job because her looks, experience,
B
and natural intelligence invites voters to cast
C
D
their ballots for her. No Error.
E
When is it Singular? When is it Plural?
Either, Neither, None, Each
The “ones” and the “bodies” – Anyone,
No one, Everyone, Anybody, Nobody,
Everybody
All take singular verbs
Is there an error?
Everyone going on the spirit bus to Giants’
A
Stadium on Saturday for the State Playoff
B
Game are advised to wear warm clothes.
C
D
No Error.
E
Subjects Joined by “and”
Subjects joined by “and” are plural
Britney Spears and Angelina Jolie,
each of whom is a famous celebrity,
A
B
C
is still well-known today. No Error.
D
E
Subjects joined by “or”
Subjects joined by “or” can be singular or plural.
The subject closest to the verb decides whether
it is singular or plural.
The kids or my husband is/are driving me crazy.
My husband or the kids is/are driving me crazy.
A B
Special Cases:
• Collective nouns (family, jury, group,
audience) – take a singular verb
My family [is/are] thoroughly excited to go to
Florida over Winter Break.
Review
To the disappointment of the crowd, neither
A
B
the president nor any of his aides were able
C
D
to attend the ceremony. No error.
E
Interest and applications to Stanford
A
University, an elite school in California,
B
has risen since Chelsea Clinton enrolled there.
C
D
No error.
E
Pronoun Antecedent Agreement
 Pronouns must agree with the nouns that
they replace.
 Watch for pronouns that appear late in the
sentence.
Tricky cases – indefinite pronouns
Singular: each, either, neither, no one, one,
Nobody, anybody, somebody, everybody
Nothing, anything, something, everything,
Anyone, someone, everyone
Each of the clerks does a good deal of work
around his/her office.
Plural
Several, few, both and many are plurals.
Both do a good job in their office.
Few will realize their dreams of Olympic gold
medals.
Some indefinite pronouns that are modified by a
prepositional phrase may be either singular or
plural. These are:
Some, any, none, all and most
How will you know what to do????
If the object of the preposition is uncountable,
then it is singular:
Some of the sugar fell out of its bag.
All of the jewelry has lost its glow.
When the object of the preposition is countable,
then it is plural:
Some of the marbles fell out of their bag.
All of the jewels have lost their glow.
A number vs. The number
A number = plural
The number = singular
A number of volunteers are offering their help.
The number of volunteers increases its ranks
daily.
Try some
Each person who reads this book marvels
A
B
at the impact it has on their lives. No error.
C
D
E
I fully agree with Bertram’s idea that each
person is in themselves a complex puzzle
A
and that all of us need to set aside time in
B
our hectic lives for trying to solve the puzzle.
C
No Error.
E
D
Although a teenager may think that their
A
B
parents are often overprotective, parents
think that by shielding their offspring from
C
harm, they are merely demonstrating how
much they love their child. No error.
D
E
In some cultures a woman is assigned a role
in life, is constantly reminded of their duties
A B
C
to men, but is also treated with respect.
D
No error.
E