Transcript Irregular “yo” verbs

Irregular “yo” verbs
Introduction
 In the present tense indicative
there can be different patterns of
conjugation.
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Regular
Irregular
Stem-Change
Irregular “YO”
Regular Verb Conjugation
 Regular- the ending is the only part of
the verb that changes and the
conjugated verb resembles the infinitive.
 Examples
 CANTAR: canto, cantas, canta, cantamos,
cantáis, cantan
 BEBER: bebo, bebes, bebe, bebemos,
bebéis, beben
 VIVIR: vivo, vives, vive, vivimos, vivís,
viven.
Irregular Verb Conjugation
 The verb may undergo a significant
change and the resultant form bears
little or no resemblance to the
infinitive.
 Examples:
 IR: voy, vas, va, vamos, vais, van
 SER: soy, eres, es, somos, sois, son
Stem-Change Verb Conjugation
 An additional category of verbs in the present
tense is called “Stem-changers”.
 In this type of conjugation, 2 forms have a
change only in the ending, and 4 forms,
corresponding to 1st, 2nd, 3rd person singular
and 3rd person plural undergo a change to the
vowel in the stem as well as a change in the
ending.
 The vowels listed with the arrows indicate how
the vowels in the stem will change.
How to identify the stem-change
verb
 The stem-change verb may be identified in
the text like this:
 Sentir (e → ie)
 Unfortunately, you will have to memorize
which verbs are stem-changers because
there are no clear indicators of whether a
verb is a stem-changer or not.
How to conjugate the stem-change
verb, con´t
 When you conjugate a stem-changer you
assign the verb to each person (1st, 2nd ,
3rd, singular or plural) by making a change
to the ending and stem.
 The stem-change occurs only in the yo, tú,
and 3rd person forms (s. and pl.)
 Example:
 SENTIR
SENT(stem)
-IR (ending)
The pattern formed is likened to a boot, so
sometimes stem-changers are called
“boot” verbs
SENTIR (e ie)
ACOSTAR (o ue)
siento
sentimos
acuesto
acostamos
sientes
sentís
acuestas
acostáis
siente
sienten
acuesta
acuestan
Para que sepáis…
 These are the following stem-changes
 (e ie)
 Tener*, cerrar, entender, preferir, pensar,
sentir
 (o ue)
 Poder, dormir, acordar, almorzar, soler
 (e i)
 Repetir, seguir, servir, pedir, decir*
 (u ue)
 Jugar (only verb)
*these verbs have irregular “yo” forms
Irregular 1st person
singular
 The verb undergoes regular
conjugation in all forms except the 1st
person singular.
 The “yo” form will have a spelling
change that does not reflect regular
conjugation.
 Some verbs may also have a *stemchange or be **irregular along with
the irregular “yo”.
Categories of Irregular “yo” verbs
There are 3 categories:
 “-go” verbs
 “-zco” verbs
 SABER
“GO” verbs
 The irregular 1st person form will end
in “-go”.
 HACER: hago, haces, hace, hacemos, hacéis, hacen
 PONER: pongo, pones, pone, ponemos, ponéis,
ponen.
 TRAER: traigo, traes, trae, traemos, traéis, traen.
 SALIR: salgo, sales, sale, salimos, salís, salen.
Special “GO” verbs
 Sometimes there are exceptions to the
rules.
 The following are special “go” verbs.
 *TENER: tengo, tienes, tiene, tenemos,
tenéis, tienen
 **OIR: oigo, oyes, oye, oímos, oís, oyen.
“ZCO” Verbs
 Verbs ending in –CER and –CIR will have a
1st person singular form ending in “-zco”.
 This is true for all verbs ending in –CER and
–CIR in present tense conjugation.
 CONOCER: conozco, conoces, conoce,
conocemos, conocéis, conocen.
 TRADUCIR: traduzco, traduces, traduce,
traducimos, traducís, traducen
SABER
 SABER has a
unique
irregular 1st
person form
which is
classed by
itself.
sé
sabemos
sabes
sabéis
sabe
saben
Conclusión
 The irregular “yo” is only apparent in
verbs that end in –CER or –CIR.
 The other verbs with irregular 1st
person singular forms will have to be
memorized.
 A verb can have an irregular “yo” as
well as be a stem-changer or an
irregular verb.