Transcript 2. NAT 5 Dynamics and Space Questions

NAT 5 Dynamics
and Space
QUESTION 1
State the difference between average
speed and instantaneous speed.
QUESTION 2
Why is instantaneous speed
measured electronically
rather than manually?
QUESTION 3
Calculate the average speed in kmh-1
and in ms-1 of a car if it travels 36km in
45 minutes.
QUESTION 4
Describe in detail how you would
measure the instantaneous speed of
a trolley down a ramp. (Remember to
state all of the equipment required!!!)
QUESTION 5
Calculate the speed of the trolley at point
Q and the average speed between P and
Q below from the information given.
QUESTION 6
Define the term ‘acceleration’ and list
all of the quantities and units involved
in the acceleration equation.
QUESTION 7
Calculate a cars acceleration if its
speed increases from 14ms-1 to
22ms-1 in 32 seconds.
QUESTION 8
A car travelling in a straight line
decelerates from 20ms-1 to 12ms-1 in
4 seconds.
a) Sketch this information on a
Velocity-time graph.
Calculate or find:
b) Acceleration of the car in the 4s
c) Displacement of the car in the 4s.
QUESTION 9
The graph shows how the velocity of a
ball varies over 4 seconds.
Calculate or find:
a) Acceleration of the ball over the 4s
b) Displacement of the ball over the 4s.
QUESTION 10
Calculate or find for the object below:
a) Acceleration over the first 60s.
b) Distance travelled over the first 80s.
c) Average speed over the first 80s.
QUESTION 11
A cyclist approaches traffic lights at 7ms-1.
She applies the brakes 4s after seeing the
lights turning red and comes to rest in a
further 2s.
a) Sketch a speed-time graph of the
cyclist over the 6s.
b) Calculate the distance travelled and the
average speed of the cyclist over the 6s.
QUESTION 12
State the unit that force is measured
in and list three changes that they
can make to an object.
QUESTION 13
State the name of the instrument used
to measure force and what is it also
sometimes known as?
QUESTION 14
State the definitions of the terms ‘mass’
and ‘weight’ and the units that they are
measured in.
QUESTION 15
Calculate the weight of a Physics
teacher of mass 95kg.
QUESTION 16
Calculate the mass of an truck that
has a weight of 30,000N.
QUESTION 17
State the definition of the term
‘gravitational field strength’.
QUESTION 18
How would your mass and your weight
compare on the moon and on different
planets?
QUESTION 19
How would you describe the
direction in which any
frictional force would act?
QUESTION 20
a) State the forces acting on you when
you open a parachute during a jump.
b) Compare these forces in a) when
you reach a terminal velocity.
QUESTION 21
State and compare the horizontal forces
acting on a car when it is travelling with:
a) constant speed
b) constant acceleration
c) constant deceleration.
QUESTION 22
State Newton’s three laws of motion
and list the equation and units
involved with the first two laws.
QUESTION 23
What is meant by the term ‘work done’
and which unit is it measured in?
QUESTION 24
A Larbert High pupil pushes the family
shopping trolley around the supermarket.
A force of 20N is applied over a distance
of 600m on the weekly shop.
Calculate the work done on the trolley.
QUESTION 25
The 5kg block below is travelling at a
constant speed along the surface.
What is the force of friction acting on the
block?
QUESTION 26
Which block has the largest resultant force
acting on it?
QUESTION 27
An unbalanced force of 1N will make a
QUESTION 28
Near the Earths surface, a mass of 6kg is
falling with a constant velocity.
Assuming g =10Nkg-1, the air resistance and
the unbalanced force acting on the mass are:
QUESTION 29
A block of mass 6kg is pulled along a
horizontal bench as shown.
Calculate the force of friction between the
block and the bench if it accelerates at
4ms-2.
QUESTION 30
Calculate the mass of the box below
if it accelerates at 1.6ms-2.
QUESTION 31
A child on a sledge down a snowy hill
slows down at B and comes to a halt at C.
Explain this motion in terms of forces.
QUESTION 32
An aircraft and passengers with a total
mass 50,000kg is travelling horizontally at
a constant speed.
a) Calculate the total weight on the aircraft
b) State the magnitude of the lift force on
the wings.
QUESTION 33
A hot air balloon of mass 400kg rises from the
ground. The speed-time graph below shows its
motion during the first 100s of its flight.
Calculate its total upward force during the first
60s.
QUESTION 34
A ball rolls down a runway and leaves it at point
R and takes 0.6s to travel from R to T.
Calculate the distance from S to T.
QUESTION 35
A ball is thrown horizontally from a cliff
as shown below. If air resistance is
considered negligible, then which of the
following statements are true?
QUESTION 36
Two identical balls X and Y are projected
horizontally from the edge of a cliff and
take different paths as shown below.
Which of the following statements is/are true?
QUESTION 37
A Mars Rover vehicle launches a probe
horizontally at 30ms-1 and takes 6s to
reach the bottom of a large crater.
Calculate or find:
a) Horizontal distance travelled by the probe
b) Vertical distance travelled by the probe.
(g on Mars = 4Nkg-1)
QUESTION 38
A package is released from a helicopter flying
horizontally at 40ms-1 and takes 3s to reach the
ground. Calculate or find:
a) Horizontal speed as it hits the ground.
b) Vertical speed as it hits the ground.
c) Horizontal distance travelled.
d) Vertical distance travelled.
QUESTION 39
QUESTION 40
A satellite navigation system receives radio
signals transmitted by satellites in orbit around
the Earth. Complete the passage below.
QUESTION 41
An LED torch produces a beam of light. The
LED is positioned at the focus of the torch
reflector. Complete the diagram by drawing light
rays to show how the beam of light is produced.
QUESTION 42
When microwaves reach a satellite
ground station they are received by a
curved reflector. Use a labelled diagram
to explain how a curved reflector is used.
QUESTION 43
A geostationary satellite link up was set up for
the US presidential election between
Washington and London, with television
pictures transmitted by microwaves.
a) What is a geostationary satellite?
b) Calculate the wavelength of the microwaves
if they have a frequency of 12GHz.
QUESTION 44
State the definitions of:
a) a scalar quantity
b) a vector quantity.
QUESTION 45
Which of the following groups contains
two vector quantities and one scalar
quantity?
QUESTION 46
During training an athlete sprints 40m East
followed by 60m West.
Calculate or find:
a) Distance travelled
b) Displacement.
QUESTION 47
Two forces each of 7N, act on an object O
as shown below.
Calculate the resultant of these two forces.
(Remember M & D’s!!!)
QUESTION 48
Four tug boats apply forces to an oil rig in the
directions shown below.
Calculate the resultant force on the oil rig.
(Remember M & D’s!!!)
QUESTION 49
A yacht follows the course shown below during
a race. The race starts and finishes at point X.
Calculate or find:
a) The distance travelled from the start to Z.
b) The displacement from the start to Z.
QUESTION 50
A student walks from X to Y and then from Y to
Z as shown below in 2 hours.
Calculate or find:
a) Total distance travelled b) Average speed
c) Displacement d) Average velocity.
QUESTION 51
State the definitions of the following:
a) Cosmology
b) Universe
c) Stars
d) Solar System
e) Exoplanet
QUESTION 52
What conditions must be met in the
‘Habitable Zone’ for life to exist?
QUESTION 53
It takes light from the Sun 8 minutes to reach
the Earth.
Calculate the distance from the Sun to The Earth in
a) metres
b) Light Years.
QUESTION 54
a) State what is meant by the term ‘light year’.
b) Earth is 52,000 light years away from the
other side of our own Milky Way Galaxy.
Calculate this distance in metres.
QUESTION 55
a) State the names of the main two types
of Spectra.
b) Which of these two types of spectra
split into two categories and what are
they called?
QUESTION 56
A ray of green light strikes a triangular prism as shown
below.
a) Complete the path of the green light until it hits then
screen.
b) Show what is observed on the screen when the
green light is replaced by white light.
c) State the three colours that have a wavelength
greater than green light.
QUESTION 57
A remote gas sensing unit detects and
identifies hydrogen, helium and oxygen
gases when present in a sample.
Logic 1 is present and Logic 0 is absent.
QUESTION 57 (Continued)
Fill in the table below for Helium and
Oxygen using the information given for
Hydrogen as a guide to help you.
QUESTION 58
The line emission spectra from a star can tell you
that the peak wavelength of light emitted provides
information about its temperature.
a) What else can the peak wavelength of light
emitted from a star tell you?
b) From the table below state the names of the
hottest and coldest stars.
QUESTION 59
An astronomer uses a refracting telescope to
study the Moon.
a) State the names of each of the convex
lenses and their purpose.
b) An electric motor is required to keep the
telescope pointing to the Moon. Why?
QUESTION 60
In Newton’s Third Law of Motion a rocket
is pushed forwards because its engine
gases are
QUESTION 61
In outer space, the engine of a space
probe is switched on for a short time.
When the engine is switched off, the rocket
QUESTION 62
Two objects are dropped from the same height
and fall freely.
Object X has a mass of 9.8kg and object Y 0.98kg.
Object X accelerates at 9.8ms-2.
What is the acceleration of object Y in ms-2?
QUESTION 63
a) What is meant by the term ‘gravitational field
strength’?
b) Calculate the mass of student using the
information given below.
c) Identify Planet X.
QUESTION 64
The first satellite Sputnik 1 was launched in 1957 and
had a mass of 84kg. From the graph below, calculate
or find:
a) Gravitational field strength at 800km above the
Earths surface.
b) Weight of Sputnik 1 at this height.
QUESTION 65
In a science classroom, pupils make rockets by
adding vitamin C tablets to water in a container
of mass 0.05kg.
The vitamin C tablet, attached to the lid, and
the water react to give off a gas which causes
the container to rise.
QUESTION 65 (Continued)
a) Describe how the container rises using
Newton’s Third Law of Motion.
b) Calculate the weight of the container.
c) The container has an upward force of 2N
acting on it.
Calculate the unbalanced force acting
upwards on the container.
d) Calculate the acceleration of the container.
QUESTION 66
a) State the main energy change involved when a
spacecraft re-enters the Earth’s atmosphere.
b) Explain how factors such as angle of re-entry,
thermal protection and design of the spacecraft
are extremely important in the re-entry phase.
QUESTION 67
Answer the following questions from the table below:
a) Which planet has the greatest diameter?
b) Which planet is nearest to the Sun?
c) Which planet has the shortest day?
d) Which planet has the shortest orbit?
e) On which planet would a 6kg mass have the
smallest weight?
QUESTION 67 (Continued)
QUESTION 68
Answer the following questions from the passage below:
a) State the name of one object that orbits a planet.
b) State the name of one object that generates light?
c) State the name of an object that is furthest away
from the Earth?
d) State the name of an object that orbits the Sun?
QUESTION 68 (Continued)
QUESTION 69
State three pieces of evidence that
support the ‘Big Bang’.
QUESTION 70
State the latest estimate of the age of the
Universe with the ‘Big Bang’ been seen as the
birth of the Universe?
The End