Transcript File
Final Review: Gender and Singular/Plural In Italian each word has a gender. By looking at the endings you can tell if the word is Masculine or Feminine. Words ending in ‘O’ – Masculine Singular Words ending in ‘A’ – Feminine Singular Words ending in ‘E’ – Words that are singular and end in ‘E’ can either be Masculine or Feminine. In English we can tell if a word is singular or plural by looking at the end of the word. To make a word plural in English we often add an ‘s’. In Italian we express a plural word by changing the ending. Words ending in ‘O’ are changed to ‘I’ – Masculine Plural Words ending in ‘A’ are changed to ‘E’ – Feminine Plural Words ending in ‘E’ are changed to ‘I’ – Masculine or Feminine Plural. EXAMPLES Copy each word into your note book. Then write if each word is Masculine or Feminine. Also, write if it is Singular or Plural. *words with ‘e’ I will tell you the gender* Gatto Penna Zio Cugini Mela Libri padre (m.) Madre (f.) zia nonne cani (m.) quaderno Now change each word from singular to plural. Gelato Sedia Sorella Zio naso quaderno fratello nipota Final review: The In English we only have one form of “the” to use. In Italian, you have several depending on the last letter, masculine or feminine, singular or plural, and if the letter begins with a vowel. You only need to use the word “the” for nouns and adjectives. * The word “the” is called an article. The article must agree with the gender and number of the noun that is after the article. Singular •il – Masculine singular, word begins with a consonant and ends with either o or e. •la – feminine singular , word begins with a consonant and ends with a •L’ – masculine or feminine, word begins with a VOWEL (a,e,i,o,u) •lo – masculine singular, word begins with s + consonant or z. PLURAL •i – Masculine plural, word begins with a consonant and ends with i. (plural form of il) •le- feminine plural, word begins with a consonant and ends with e. (plural form of la) •gli – masculine plural, word begins with s + consonant or z. (plural form of lo) •http://youtu.be/MwLFzLLjBVQ ArnixItalian Teacher (definite articles) EXAMPLES Place the correct article in front of each noun. Then make each word plural and change the article to match the plural noun. Singular Plural _____ giorno (the day) _____ giorn_ _____ zio (the uncle) _____ zi_ _____ ragazza (the girl) _____ ragazz_ _____ amico (the friend) _____ amic_ _____ zia (the aunt) _____ zi_ _____ nonno (the grandfather) _____ nonn_ _____ professore (m) (the professor) _____ professor_ _____ studente (m) (the student) _____ student_ Final Review : A/An (indefinite articles) In English, when you use the word “a” or “an” you are referring to a noun in its singular form. Ex: A dog or AN apple. You wouldn’t use A dogs or AN apples. *The same goes for Italian. When you are using the word a/an in a sentence you should only be referring to a single object. Like the word “the” there are several ways to say a/an. Each word has a specific rule to follow. •Un – Masculine, words that begin with a consonant and end with o or e. (Same rule as il. Most common. When in doubt and the word is masculine use UN) •Una – Feminine, words that begin with a consonant and end with a. (Same rule as la. When a word is feminine always use Una, unless it begins with a vowel.) •Un’ – Masculine/Feminine, words that begin with a vowel . (Same rule as l’. ALWAYS look at the word before choosing an article) •Uno – Masculine, words that begin with s + consonant or z. (Same rule as lo. Very rare) http://youtu.be/IJfmr9XNUas ArnixItalian Teacher (indefinite articles) Examples Write the correct indefinite article (a/an) for each noun below. ___ treno (a train) ___ aeroplano (an airplane) ___ bicicletta (a bicycle) ___ automobile (an automobile) ___ mela (an apple) ___ cugino (a cousin <boy>) ___ cugina (a cousin <girl>) _____ amico (a friend <boy>) _____stazione (a station) _____ pera (a pear) _____ zio (an unle) _____ cappuccino (a cappuccino) _____ torta (a cake) _____ autobus (a bus) Do you remember your numbers? Take the plural word and make it singular by changing the ending and using the correct “a/an”. Due mele ___________ Quattro nonni________ cinque amice____________ Sei macchine ____________ Essere (irregular verb) Subject pronoun Essere – to be I – io You- tu He – lui She- lei We – noi They- loro I am – Io sono You are- tu sei He is – lui é She is - lei é We are – noi siamo They are – loro sono * Must be memorized! Avere (irregular verb) Avere – To have I have – io ho You have – tu hai He has – lui ha She has – lei ha We have –noi abbiamo They have – loro hanno Remember this….. •Katie has = lei ha •Danny has = lui ha •Katie and I = Noi abbiamo •Katie and Danny = Loro hanno This will be on your final ARE verbs -are endings Io -> O Tu-> I Lui/Lei/È -> A Noi -> IAMO Loro -> ANO VERBS TO KNOW ARRIVARE ASCOLTARE BALLARE CAMMINARE CANTARE COMPRARE AIUTARE ABITARE STUDIARE VIAGGIARE To conjugate each verb you must: -drop the -are -look at the subject or subject pronoun -add the appropriate ending ENTRARE GUARDARE IMPARARE LAVORARE MANGIARE LAVARE NUOTARE PARLARE SUONARE VISITARE ERE verbs -ERE ending Io -> O Tu -> I Lui/lei/È -> E Noi -> IAMO Loro-> ONO VERBS TO KNOW CHIEDERE RESPONDERE CHIUDERE SCRIVERE DESCRIVERE SORRIDERE GODERE VEDERE LEGGERE VENDERE NASCERE VIVERE PRENDERE RIDERE Know how to conjugate each verb and the meaning.