Transcript 4.3 Irregular -ir verbs

4.3
Irregular -ir verbs
—Le crabe est devenu philosophe.
• Many commonly used -ir verbs are irregular.
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4.3-1
4.3
Irregular -ir verbs
• The following irregular -ir verbs have similar present-tense
forms.
Sentir
Sortir
To
feel/smell
To go
out/take
out/exit
Courir
Dormir
Partir
To run
To sleep
To leave
je
cours
dors
pars
sens
sors
tu
cours
dors
pars
sens
sors
il/elle
court
dort
part
sent
sort
nous
courons
dormons
partons
sentons
sortons
vous
courez
dormez
partez
sentez
sortez
ils/elles
courent
dorment
partent
sentent
sortent
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4.3-2
4.3
Irregular -ir verbs
ATTENTION!
Sentir means to sense or to smell. The reflexive verb se
sentir is used with an adverb or adjective to tell how a
person feels.
Cette fleur sent très bon!
This flower smells very good!
Je sens qu’il t’aime, même s’il ne le dit pas.
I sense that he loves you, even if he doesn’t say it.
Tu es rentrée parce que tu ne te sentais pas bien?
You went home because you didn’t feel well?
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4.3-3
4.3
Sentir, Se Sentir ou Ressentir
Verbe
Explication
1. Perceive by means of touch or smell. (with
direct object)
Sentir
2. Also used to talk about something or someone
‘emitting’ an odor (used with an adjective)
Exemples
1)Passez la main sur ce tissu, vous en
sentirez la douceur.
1)Je sens le parfum des fleurs.
2)Tu sens bon. Quel parfum utilises-tu?
2)Ça sent bon dans ta cuisine!
A state of feeling or emotional disposition
Se Sentir
This verb is generally used with an adverb or
adjective.
To feel something profoundly, usually with a
quality of emotion
Ressentir
This verb is generally used with a noun.
Je me sens fatigué après une longue
marche.
Elle se sent heureuse quand tu es heureux.
Je me sens mal après quand je le vois.
Je ressens de l'amour pour cette femme.
Il ressent de la fierté d'appartenir à
ce pays.
Ils ressentent une douleur profonde causée
par la perte de leur fils.
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4.3-4
4.3
The past participles of these verbs are, respectively,
couru, dormi, parti, senti, and sorti
• Courir – couru
• Dormir – dormi
• Partir – parti
• Sentir – senti
• Sortir – sorti
• Sortir and partir, as well as sentir when used reflexively (se
sentir), take être as the auxiliary in the passé composé and
plus-que-parfait. Past participle rules of agreement apply.
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4.3-5
4.3
Irregular -ir verbs
• Use sortir to say that someone is leaving, as in exiting a
building. Use partir to say that someone is leaving, as in
departing. The preposition de often accompanies sortir,
and the preposition pour often accompanies partir.
Remember that sortir can also take a direct object (means
to take out).
*Nous ne sortons jamais de la salle
avant la sonnerie.
We never leave the room before the
bell rings.
*Le premier ministre part pour
l’Espagne demain.
The prime minister leaves for
Spain tomorrow.
*Il a sorti la voiture du garage.
Il l’a sortie de la garage.
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4.3-6
4.3
Irregular -ir verbs
• Mourir (to die) also is conjugated irregularly in the present
tense. Its past participle is mort, and it takes être as an
auxiliary in the passé composé and plus-que-parfait.
Il fait chaud et je meurs de soif!
It’s hot, and I’m dying of thirst!
En quelle année la présidente est-elle morte?
In which year did the president die?
mourir
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je meurs
nous mourons
tu meurs
il/elle meurt
vous mourez
ils/elles meurent
4.3-7
4.3
Irregular -ir verbs
• These irregular verbs are conjugated like -er verbs in the
present tense.
Couvrir
Découvrir
To cover
To discover
je
couvre
découvre
tu
couvres
il/elle
Offrir
Ouvrir
Souffrir
To open
To suffer
offre
ouvre
souffre
découvres
offres
ouvres
souffres
couvre
découvre
offre
ouvre
souffre
nous
couvrons
découvrons
offrons
ouvrons
souffrons
vous
couvrez
découvrez
offrez
ouvrez
souffrez
ils/elles
couvrent
découvrent
offrent
ouvrent
souffrent
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To
offer/give
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4.3
The past participles of the verbs above are,
respectively, couvert,, offert, ouvert, and souffert.
• Couvrir - couvert
• Découvrir - découvert
• Offrir - offert
• Ouvrir - ouvert
• Souffrir - souffert
Qu’est-ce que les organisateurs vous
ont offert comme boisson?
What did the organizers offer you
to drink?
© and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.
Le criminel avait ouvert la porte
pour entrer dans le garage.
The criminal had opened the door
to enter the garage.
4.3-9
4.3
Irregular -ir verbs
• These verbs are conjugated similarly, with one stem for je,
tu, il/elle/on, and ils/elles, and a different stem for nous
and vous.
Devenir
To become
Maintenir
Revenir
Tenir
To hold,
To come
To keep,
maintain
back
hold (on)
Venir
To come
je
deviens
maintiens
reviens
tiens
viens
tu
deviens
maintiens
reviens
tiens
viens
il/elle
devient
maintient
revient
tient
vient
nous
devenons
maintenons
revenons
tenons
venons
vous
devenez
maintenez
revenez
tenez
venez
maintiennent
reviennent tiennent
ils/elles deviennent
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viennent
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4.3
Irregular -ir verbs
• The past participles of these verbs are, respectively,
• devenir – devenu
• Maintenir – maintenu
• Revenir – revenu
• Tenir – tenu
• Venir - venu.
Venir and its derivatives devenir and revenir take être as
the auxiliary in the passé composé and plus-que-parfait.
Le criminel a tenu son arme à la
main pendant quelques secondes.
The criminal held the weapon in
his hand for a few seconds.
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La juge était revenue de son bureau
pour parler aux jurés.
The judge came back from her
chambers to talk to the jury.
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4.3
Irregular -ir verbs
• The construction venir + de + [infinitive] means to have
just done something. Use it in the present or imparfait to
say that something happened in the very recent past.
Les militants viennent de faire un
discours à l’ONU.
The activists have just made a
speech at the UN.
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Je venais juste de poser mon sac par
terre quand le voleur l’a pris.
I had just put my bag down on the
ground when the thief took it.
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