Transcript Health - Teacher SSRU

GEL1103 ภาษาอังกฤษเพื่อการสื่อสารและทักษะการเรี ยน
CHAPTER 1
HEALTH
Health
Health is a dynamic condition resulting from a body's
constant adjustment and adaptation in response to
stresses and changes in the environment for maintaining
an inner equilibrium. Becoming healthy is a process that
involves time, commitment, and effort. Although it’s
important to pay attention to the health of our bodies, we
should not overlook the health of our mental and emotional
states and social relationships, all of which factor in to a
well-rounded approach to healthy living. With dedicated
effort, you can take steps toward a healthier body,
emotional outlook, and social life.
Health
When we are talking about health, it is not just only
a healthy body but also a sound mental health. A
good health can be described as the condition
where both our bodies as well as our mind are
functioning properly. The main causes behind poor
health conditions are diseases, improper diet,
injury, mental stress, lack of hygiene, unhealthy
lifestyle, etc. Over the past few years, our lifestyle
has changed and we often tend to ignore the
importance of healthy living in one way or the
other.
•
Look at these photos. What are food,
drink, and health activities can you
see?
a. _______________
c. ___________
b. ____________
d. ____________
e. ___________
f. ___________
Put these words in the correct
Bread
chips
pea
strawberry
pork chop
jogging
chewing gum
corn
gym
tuna
beef
basketball.
chicken
doughnut
pie
turkey
steak
semi – skimmed
exercise
oil
mango
banana
cake
milk
Fruit
Vegeta
bles
Meat/
Fish
Seafood
Dairy
Products
Sweet
Bakery
Products
Health
Activities
Other
Dictionary
How to use a dictionary
A dictionary is a collection of words in one or more
specific languages, often listed alphabetically (or
by radical and stroke for ideographic languages),
with usage of information, definitions, etymologies,
phonetics, pronunciations, translation, and other
information; or a book of words in one language. A
dictionary is a very important tool for anyone who
is learning a new language.
/
Entry/Headword
Entry/Headword
Health
Ex
er cise
Vegetable
……………..
Definition
This tells you the meaning of the
word. Read the definitions
carefully. If there are numbered,
each number indicates a new
meaning. The use of a word will
frequently be illustrated in the
definition. Pay attention to these
examples of how the word can
be used.
Example
exercise /ˈeksərsaɪz/
activity/movements
enlarge image

[uncountable] physical or mental activity that you do to stay
healthy or become stronger
Swimming is good exercise.
I don't get much exercise sitting in the office all day.
The mind needs exercise as well as the body.
vigorous/gentle exercise
(British English) to take exercise
[countable] a set of movements or activities that you do to stay
healthy or develop a skill breathing/relaxation/stretching exercises
exercises for the piano
Repeat the exercise ten times on each leg.
With a good dictionary you can learn
about the following
• 1).Pronunciation: Syllabication and word stress
• 2).Part of speech
• 3).Words with the same spelling but different use
or meaning : contacts
• 4).Varieties of meaning
• 5). Spelling Variations
• 6). Example sentence
• 7). Idioms
• 8). Differences between British and American
usage
Pronunciation: Syllabification and
word stress
A syllable is a unit of sound. It can be a
vowel, a diphthong, or one or more vowels
combined with one or more consonants. In
most English dictionaries, words that are
more than one syllable are divided by a dot
or space between the syllables.
Pronunciation: Syllabification and word
stress
exercise /ˈeksərsaɪz/
activity/movements
enlarge image

[uncountable] physical or mental activity that you do to stay
healthy or become stronger
Swimming is good exercise.
I don't get much exercise sitting in the office all day.
The mind needs exercise as well as the body.
vigorous/gentle exercise
(British English) to take exercise
[countable] a set of movements or activities that you do to stay
healthy or develop a skill breathing/relaxation/stretching exercises
exercises for the piano
Repeat the exercise ten times on each leg.
Syllable Stress
English words that are polysyllabic (have
more than one syllable) always have one
syllable that is stressed. In most English
dictionaries, the stressed syllable is
indicated by a stress mark, For example, in
the word exercise , the first syllable (-ex-) is
stressed.
Example
more than one syllable are divided by a dot
or space between the syllables.
Part of Speech
In the English language, words can be considered
as the smallest elements that have distinctive
meanings. Based on their use and functions,
words are categorized into several types or parts
of speech. This article will offer definitions and
examples for the 8 major parts of speech in
English grammar: noun, pronoun, verb, adverb,
adjective, conjunction, preposition, and
interjection.
vegetable / ˈvedʒtəbl/ noun
(informal, especially in North American English veggie) a plant or part
of a plant that is eaten as food. Potatoes, beans and onions are
all vegetables.
green vegetables (= for example cabbage)
root vegetables (= for example carrots)
a salad of raw vegetables
a vegetable garden/patch/plot
vegetable matter (= plants in general)
Words with the same spelling but different
use or meaning : nibble
nibble verb
BrE /ˈnɪbl/ ; NAmE /ˈnɪbl/
[transitive, intransitive] to take small bites of something, especially
food nibble something
We sat drinking wine and nibbling olives.
He nibbled her ear playfully .
nibble (at/on something) She took some cake from the tray and nibbled
at it.
[intransitive] nibble (at something) to show a slight interest in an
offer, idea, etc.
He nibbled at the idea, but would not make a definite decision.
Varieties of meaning: disease
disease noun
BrE /dɪˈziːz/; NAmE /dɪˈziːz/
[uncountable, countable] an illness affecting humans, animals
or plants, often caused by infection
heart/liver/kidney, etc. disease health measures to prevent
the spread of disease
an infectious/contagious disease (= one that can be passed to
somebody very easily)
It is not known what causes the disease. Protection against sexually
transmitted diseases.
He suffers from a rare blood disease.
A fatty diet increases the risk of heart disease.
the problem of controlling pests and disease with organic
gardening
[countable] (formal) something that is very wrong with
people’s attitudes, way of life or with society
Greed is a disease of modern society.
Spelling Variations
Program / noun
/proʊɡræm/
plan /course of study
1. a plan of things that will be done or included in the
development of something
to launch a research program
a training program for new staff
a program of economic reform
2. a course of study
a school program
for computer
3. (computing) a set of instructions in code that control the
operations or functions of a computer
Load the program into the computer.
on TV/radio
4. something that people watch on television or listen to
on the radio
a news program
Did you see that program about the space lab last
night?
What time is that program on?
Which program do you want to watch?
for play/concert
5.a thin book or a piece of paper that gives you information
about a play, a concert, etc.
a theater program
order of events
6. an organized order of performances or events
an exciting musical program
a week-long program of lectures
What's the program for (= What are we going to do) tomorrow?
of machine
7. a series of actions done by a machine, such as a washing
machine
Select a cool program for woolen clothes.
Example






diet noun
BrE /ˈdaɪət/ ; NAmE /ˈdaɪət/
1. [countable, uncountable] the food that you eat and drink
regularly
to have a healthy, balanced diet
the Japanese diet of rice, vegetables and fish
to receive advice on diet
2. [countable] a limited variety or amount of food that you eat for
medical reasons or because you want to lose weight; a time
when you only eat this limited variety or amount
a low-fat, salt-free diet
diet drinks (= with fewer calories than normal)
I decided to go on a diet (= to lose weight) before my holiday.
3. [singular] a diet of something (disapproving) a large amount of
a restricted range of activities
Example
Children today are brought up on a diet of television cartoons and soap
operas.
Idioms
An idiom is a word or phrase which means
something different from its literal meaning. Idioms
are common phrases or terms whose meaning are
not real, but can be understood by their popular
use.




leap verb
BrE /liːp/; NAmE /liːp/
1. [intransitive, transitive] to jump high or a long way
 +
adv./prep. A dolphin leapt out of the water.
 We leapt over the stream.
 leap something The horse leapt a five-foot wall.
2. [intransitive] + adv./prep. to move or do something suddenly
and quickly
 She leapt out of bed.
 He leapt across the room to answer the door.
 I leapt to my feet (= stood up quickly).
 They leapt into action immediately.
 (figurative) She was quick to leap to my
defense (= speak in support of me).
 The photo seemed to leap off the page (= it got your
attention immediately).
 His name leapt out at me (= I saw it immediately).
3 [intransitive] leap (in something) (from…) (to…) to increase
suddenly and by a large amount
The shares leapt in value from 476p to close at 536p.
Idioms
somebody’s heart leaps
used to say that somebody has a sudden feeling of happiness or
excitement
My heart leapt at the news.
Jump /l eap to conclusions, jump/leap to the conclusion
that…
to make a decision about somebody/something too quickly,
before you know or have thought about all the facts.
 There I go again—jumping to conclusions.
look before you leap
(saying) used to advise somebody to think about the possible
results or dangers of something before doing it
Differences between British and
American Usage
chronic adjective
BrE /ˈkrɒnɪk/; NAmE /ˈkrɑːnɪk/
 1. (especially of a disease) lasting for a long time; difficult to cure
or get rid of
 chronic bronchitis/arthritis/asthma
 the country’s chronic unemployment problem
 a chronic shortage of housing in rural
2.having had a disease for a long time
 a chronic alcoholic/depressive
 3. (British English, informal) very bad
The film was just chronic.
Word Order
Words and phrases (entries) in the dictionary are arranged
alphabetically
• Examples
•
1.adolescence
•
2. bacteria
•
3. contagious
•
4. disease
•
5. exercise
•
6. food
•
7. gout
•
8. heartache
•
9. inflammation
•
10. juice
11.kidney
12.liver
13. Menu
14. nutrition
15. organic
16. physician
17. quinine
18. remedy
19. symptom
20. Zinc
Arrange and number the following
words into alphabetical order .
________ insomnia
________ asthma
________ cancer
________ psychologist
________ exercise
________ vegetables
________ gym
_________ fruits
_________ jogging
_________ healthy
_________ vaccine
_________ remedy
_________ children
_________ virus
_________ metabolic
_________ swimming
__________ volleyball
__________ illness
__________ broccoli
__________ weight
Online Dictionary
You can search the unknown words from
Oxford Advanced Learner’s Online Dictionary.
• Just go to ‘Google’ and type ‘oald’ in the search
box, you can access to the link of OALD.
• After a click at the link, OALD homepage with
search box will be ready for you.
• Type the word you want to find its meaning in the
search box, and you’ll get the requested
dictionary entry.
• Be sure to type the word with correct spelling.
Word Study
Prefixes and Suffixes
AFFIXES
prefix
im
+
stem
prove
+
suffix
ment
Prefixes and Suffixes
Prefixes
A prefix is a group of letters placed before the root of a
word. For example, the word "unhappy" consists of the
prefix "un-" [which means "not"] combined with the root
(stem) word "happy"; the word "unhappy" means "not
happy." A basic word to which affixes (prefixes and suffixes)
are added is called a root word because it forms the basis
of a new word. The root word is also a word in its own right.
For example, the word happy consists of the word happy
and the suffix –ly, so it becomes happily. Some of the most
common prefixes are listed below.
Prefixes
Meaning
Examples
de -
from, down, away,
reverse, opposite
deforest
dis
not, opposite, reverse,
away
disable
ex-
exhale, explosion
il-
out of, away from,
lacking, former
not
im-
not, without
impossible, improper
in-
not , without
inaction, invisible
mis-
bad, wrong
mislead, misplace,
non-
not
Nonfiction, nonsense
pre-
before
Prefix, prenatal
pro-
for, forward ,before
proactive, program
re-
again – back
react, reappear
un
against, not, opposite
undo, unequal,
unusual
Illegal, illogical
Prefix
Choose the best answer in the following questions.
1. What is the meaning of the word prefix?
a) a word within a word.
b). a group of letters put before a root word which changes
its meaning.
c) a group of letters put at the end of a root word which
changes its meaning.
2. What does the word unhurt mean?
a) hurt badly?
b) hurt
c) not hurt
3. If you take the prefix from disagree , the root word is agree.
a) True
b) False
4. If you add the prefix ‘un’ to the word wrap, what is the correct spelling of the
new word?
a) unwrapp
b) unrap
c) unwrap
5. What do you do if you reread a book?
a) don’t read it
b) read it again
c) read it for the first time
6. A suffix is a group of letters that you add at the end of the root word?
a) True
b) False
7. Which of the following is suffix?
a) pre
b) un
c) ed
8. Which of the following is not a suffix?
a) ful
b) ing
c) re
9. Which suffix can you add to the end of cook to make a new word?
a) ing
b) ful
c) est
10. Which suffix can you add to the word peace to make a new word?
a) ing
b) ful
c) est
Suffixes
A suffix is a group of letters places after the
root of a word. For example, flavorless
consists of the root word “flavor” combined
with the suffix “-less” [which means
“without”]: the word “flavorless” means
“having no flavor.”
Suffixes
Meaning
Part of Speech
Example
-able, ible
able to, having
the quality of
adjective
comfortable,
portable
-al
relating to
noun/ adjective
annual, comical
-er, -or
a person who, a
thing which
full of
noun
programmer
adjective
colorful
forming for an
adverb
demoting an
action, a
material, or a
gerund, in a
manner of
condition
adverb
happily, lazily
noun / adjective
Acting , showing
noun
readiness
-ful
-ily
-ing
-ness
- ly
forming an
adjective
adjective
capable of being adjective
clearly, hourly
adjective
sensitive
-ous
having the
quality
to make or to do
adjective
dangerous
-ate, -en, -ify
to make
verb
Abbreviation,
whiten
-ment
-ive
measurement
Identify the suffixes of the following words.
1. educate
2. improve
3. discuss
4. stupid
5. dark
6. govern
7. spell
8. hesitate
9. arrange
10. similar
11. happy
________________
________________
________________
________________
________________
________________
________________
________________
________________
________________
________________
Language Focus
Tenses
A verb-based method is used to indicate the time, and
sometimes the continuation or completeness, of an action
or state in relation to the time of speaking. In this unit will
state about Simple Past and Present Perfect Simple. We
use the past simple for past events or actions which have
no connection to the present.
We use the present perfect for actions which started in the
past and are still happening now or for finished actions
which have a connection to the present.
Form
Simple Past
Regular verbs : infinitive +ed
Example : I worked
Present Perfect simple
Regular verbs: have + infinitive + ed
Example: I /You/ We/ They have
worked.
He/She/It has worked.
Irregular verbs: see 2nd column of Irregular verb: have +3rd column of
irregular verb
irregular verb
Example; I spoke
Example: I/You/We/They have
spoken.
He/She/it has spoken.
Exception to the Rules
Exception when adding ed:
 When the final letter is e, only add d
Example: love – loved
 After a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled
Example; admit – admitted
 After a consonant, change y to I and add –ed
Example, cry – cried
American English.
For example:
"She wet her hair before washing it" - British English
"She wetted her hair before washing it" - American English
"All the shoes fit in to the shelves" - British English
"All the shoes fitted in to the shelves" - American English
n British English, many past simple verbs can end with 'ed' or
with 't', but in American English the ending of 'ed' is normally
preferred.
For example:
"She learnt to play the piano" - British English
"She learned to play the piano" - American English
"He always dreamt of being a footballer" - British English
"He always dreamed of being a footballer" - American English
Grammar Differences between American
and British English
In British English, the present perfect tense is used a lot more than in American
English. Present perfect tense is used to describe a past event that has present
consequences, but in American English, the simple past tense is normally used.
For example:
"Robert feels sick, he has eaten too much" - British English
"Robert feels sick, he ate too much" - American English
"I have got to leave now" - British English
"I have to leave now" - American English
"I have already seen that movie"- British English
"I already saw that movie" - American English
"You've missed Sarah. She's just left." - British English
"You missed Sarah. She just left" - American English
Some verbs that are regular in British English are irregular in
• Thank you