Transcript Diapositive 1

Mrs. FB Kh
Pronunciation
Final « ed »
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Sounds
FB Kh
Today we are going to
work on
pronunciation.
In particular we are
going to focus on
words that end in “ed”.
« ed » marks the end of regular
verbs in the past simple tense.
Although all simple past tense
verbs end with an “ed”, they can
have three different
pronunciations.
Why the Sound Changes
Place your fingertips on the front of your neck, and pronounce the
following words. What do you feel on your fingers when you say the
underlined sound?
vow | fake (vvv | fff)
zebra | snake (zzz | sss)
–> When we pronounce voiced sounds, our vocal chords vibrate when
we say those sounds. /v/ /z/. Did you feel the vibration?
–> When we pronounce voiceless sounds, our vocal chords do not
vibrate. /f/ /s/. No vibration.
This vibration or lack of vibration then
carries forward to the following sound in
the word. Therefore, this vibration or lack
of vibration explains why we pronounce
the past tense of verbs in three voiced or
voiceless ways: /t/, /d/ or /id/.
The “ed” pronunciation is
determined by the final sound of
the verb in the infinitive: Is it a
voiced consonant, an unvoiced
consonant, or a vowel sound?
/s/
« ed » says /t/
stop - jump - cook - like
/f/
/k/ /p/
/p/ /p/ /k/
/k/
laugh – staff – kiss - dance
/f/
/f/
/s/
/s/
fix - fax – fish - crash
/ks/
/ks/
/∫/
watch - march
/t∫/
/t∫/
/∫/
Stopped - jumped - cooked - liked
/t/
/t/
/t/
/t/
laughed – staffed – kissed - danced
/t/
/t/
/t/
/t/
fixed - faxed – fished - crashed
/t/
/t/
/t/
/t/
watched - marched
/t/
/t/
Verbs ending in voiceless sounds
/p, k, θ, f, s,ks, ʃ, tʃ/ cause the “ed” ending to be pronounced as
the voiceless [t] (with no vocal
chord vibration).
/p/ “He popped a balloon.” /papt/
/k/ “They talked a lot” /takt/
/θ/ “th”: “She frothed a cup of milk” /frawθt/
/f/ “I laughed at the movie.”/læft/
/s/ “She kissed a frog.” /kist/
/ʃ/ “sh”: “We brushed it off.” /bruʃt/
/tʃ/ “ch”: “I reached around for it.” /riytʃt/
« ed » says /d/
rob – sob – beg - bug
/b/
/b/
/g/
/g/
judge – page – call - fill
/dᴣ/
/dᴣ/
/l/
/l/
roam – claim – rain - clean
/m/
/m/
/n/
/n/
declare – repair – save - believe
/r/
/v/
/v/
/r/
close – gaze – breath - bang
/z/
/z/
/ð/
/ŋ/
delay – die – follow - enjoy
/ei/
/ai/
/Ↄi/
/əƱ/
study – agree - view
/i/
/i:/
/u/
robbed – sobbed– begged - bugged
/d/
/d/
/d/
/d/
judged – paged – called- filled
/d/
/d/
/d/
/d/
roamed – claimed – rained - cleaned
/d/
/d/
/d/
/d/
declared – repaired – saved - believed
/d/
/d/
/d/
/d/
closed – gazed – breathed - banged
/d/
/d/
/d/
/d/
delayed– died – followed - enjoyed
/d/
/d/
/d/
/d/
studied– agreed - viewed
/d/
/d/
/d/
Verbs ending in the voiced
sounds /b, g, ð, v, z, ʒ, dʒ, m,
n, ŋ, r, l/ cause the “-ed”
ending to be pronounced as
a voiced /d/.
/b/ “It bobbed up and down.” /babd/
/g/ “He begged her to stay.” /bɛgd/
/ð/ “She breathed loudly.” /briyðd/
/v/ “They loved it.” /luvd/
/z/ “We raised her expectations.” /reyzd/
/dʒ/ “They bridged the gap.” /bridʒd/
/m/ “I claimed it was mine.” /kleymd/
/n/ “They banned new members.” /bænd/
/ŋ/ “She banged into the chair.” /bæŋd/
/r/ “He cleared it up.” /kliyrd/
/l/ “I rolled up the paper.” /rowld/
« ed » says /id/
need – load - decide
/d/
/d/
/d/
count – visit - locate
/t/
/t/
/t/
needed – loaded - decided
/id/
/id/
/id/
counted– visited - located
/id/
/id/
/id/
Verbs ending in the sounds /t/ or /d/ will
cause the “-ed” ending of a verb to be
pronounced as the syllable/ɪd/.
The most common mistake, and the most serious
pronunciation problem, is always adding a second
syllable for the “-ed” at the end of the past tense word.
A second syllable with the "-ed" ending is only necessary
when the last sound (not the last letter) is a /t/ or /d/,
/t/ “I visited the Empire State Building.”
/vizitid/
/t/ “She edited the research paper.” /ɛditid/
/d/ “We ended the game early.” /ɛndid/
/d/ “He breaded the chicken.” /brɛdid/