Transcript PPT -el 28 - Sra. Bernal

Día número 65—español 1
El 28 de noviembre
Horario Regular
"If you could see the potential within you
it would amaze you to see all that you are capable of being."
Catherine Pulsifer
Being Yourself |
Continuous effort - not strength or intelligence - is the key to unlocking our potential.
Winston Churchill
LEER EL BOLETÍN
You can be successful, one step at a time!
Gustar + Pasatiempos
PRACTICA el vocabulario con tu compañero.
el / los + lunes, martes, miércoles, jueves, viernes,
on + day(s) of the week = sábado(s), domingo(s)
the park = el parque to the park = al parque
in the park = en el parque
to bowl = jugar al boliche
to listen to music = escuchar música
to sleep late = dormir tarde
to study = estudiar
at the library = en la biblioteca
(Name & Name) like to = A (N & N) les gusta
to draw = dibujar
she = ella
she likes to = a ella le gusta
my friends and I like = a mis amigos y a mí nos gusta
to talk to friends = hablar CON amigos
we like to = (A nosotros) nos gusta
exercise = hacer ejercicio
don’t you? = ¿no?
right/true? = ¿sí? / ¿verdad?
to tell jokes = contar chistes
to drink = beber / tomar
lemonade = limonada
the summer = el verano
in the summer = en el verano
CORRECT the WS with notes on Ajective Agreement and activity on the back.
Nombre _______________________________ Fecha __________________ Per _____ Pg ____
APUNTES
Adjective Forms, Agreement and Position
What is an adjective? What must if always do?
An adj is a word that describes/tells us more information about a noun
(person/place/thing) than we knew before.
In Spanish, adjectives must agree in gender and number with the nouns they modify
(describe).
What do gender and number mean?
Gender is whether a word is masculine or feminine.
SOME nouns have masculine and feminine forms like “chicos & chicas”
but MOST nouns will already be Masc. or Fem. “from birth”
such as EL VESTIDO (the dress) is Masc and will NEVER be feminine.
MOST adjectives change to agree with the Masc. or Fem. noun.
Number is whether a word is singular or plural.
How many types of adjectives are there?
Basically there are 2 types of adjs.
Type 1:
Adjectives that have 4 forms.
These adjectives usually end in an “o” in the masculine-singular form.
Atlético, Atlética, Atléticos, Atléticas
Type 2:
Adjs that have only 2 forms.
These adjectives usually end in “E”, “Z or other consonant” or “ista”.
NOTE: The “z” must change to a “c” before adding the “es” to preserve
the sound.
Inteligente (masc & fem singular) Inteligentes (m. & f. plural)
Audaz (daring) (masc & fem sing) Audaces (m. & f. plural)
Fiel (loyal) (masc & fem sing)
Fieles (m. & f. plural)
Optimista (masc & fem sing)
Optimistas (m. & f. plural)
What are the exceptions?
There are 2 types of exceptions to the two-form and four-form rules.
Type 1: Adjs of nationality
Type 2: Adjs that end in ón, án, ín, or dor
Why are adjs of nationality different?
Many adjs of nationality already have 4 forms because they end in an “o”:
NOTE: adjs of nationality are not capitalized in Spanish.
ruso, rusa, rusos, rusas (Russian)
However, even when an adj of nationality ends in a consonant, you will have to
add an “a” to make it fem and an “s” /”es” to make it plural.
español, española, españoles, españolas
francés, francesa, franceses, francesas
–NOTE: only the m. sing. form keeps the accent if it was on the last syllable
Why are adjs that end in ón, án, ín, or dor different?
Adjs that end in ón, án, ín, or dor also have 4-forms and you must remember to
drop the accent mark on all forms except the masculine singular form.
comelón (glutton), comelona, comelones, comelonas
holgazán (lazy person), holgazana, holgazanes, holgazanas
parlanchín (blabbermouth/chatterbox), parlanchina, parlanchines, parlanchinas
trabajador (hardworker), trabajadora, trabajadores, trabajadoras
Where are adjectives placed in relation to the noun they describe?
Adjectives that describe usually come AFTER the noun they describe.
Adjectives that tell quantity or quality go BEFORE the noun.
Juanita es una chica atlética.
Yo tengo cuatro perros grandes.
Mi mejor (best) amiga es muy alta. ¿Cuál es tu peor (worse) clase?
Possessive Adjs go BEFORE the noun:
mi/mis, tu/tus, su/sus, nuestro/a/os/as, su/sus
(my, your, his/her/your formal, our, their, your plural)
Demonstrative Adjs also go BEFORE the noun:
This: este, esta
These: estos, estas
That near: ese, esa
Those near: esos, esas
That far: aquel, aquella Those far: aquellos, aquellas
How do I use a noun as an adjective?
Nouns can sometimes be used as adjs. Use “de” before the noun that it describes.
Nationalities and building materials are common examples:
Es un libro de español.
El pupitre (desk) es de plástico y metal.
What are the exceptions for adjective placement?
The descriptive adjectives bueno (good) and malo (bad) are generally placed in
FRONT of the nouns they modify because they tell quality.
Adjectives that reflect an inherent quality of the noun (as in COLD ICE) are also
placed in FRONT of the noun.
Práctica 1: Escribe las formas que faltan (that are missing):
MASCULINE SINGULAR
1. serio
FEMININE
SINGULAR
seria
MASCULINE
FEMININE
PLURAL
PLURAL
serios
serias
2. sociable
sociable
sociables
sociables
3. feliz
feliz
felices
felices
4. fácil
fácil
fáciles
fáciles
5. deportista
6. japonés
deportista (sporty) deportistas
deportistas
japonesa
japoneses
japonesas
7. llorón (cry baby)
llorona
llorones
lloronas
MASCULINE
SINGULAR
8. alemán
(German)
9.
vendedor
FEMININE
SINGULAR
alemana
MASCULINE
FEMININE
PLURAL
PLURAL
alemanes
alemanas
vendedora
vendedores
vendedoras
(sellers)
10.
capaz
capaces
capaces
11. mejor
capaz
(capable; competent)
mejor (best)
mejores
mejores
12.
peor (worst)
peores
peores
peor
Práctica 2: Translate: Remember the formation, agreement and position of adjs in
Spanish. SER (to be): soy, eres, es, somos, son. Look up words you don’t know!
1. I live in a brown house.
Vivo en una casa café / marrón.
2. Is your brother sporty?
¿Es deportista tu hermano?
3. My best friends (fem) are Japanese. Mis mejores amigas son japonesas.
4. My brothers are very talented musicians (músicos).
Mis hermanos son músicos muy talentosos.
REPASAR:
Academic Vocabulary
Answer these questions:
1. What is an infinitive in Spanish?
2. What is an infinitive in English?
3. What are the subject pronouns?
4. What does “conjugation” mean?
LISTEN and LEARN how to conjugate
REGULAR verbs
in the Present Tense
Listen to Singing the Basics
song
for –AR verbs
-AR Verb Song
o, as, a, amos áis, an
o, as, a, amos áis, an
o, as, a, amos áis, an
present tense -ar endings are...
o, as, a, amos áis, an
The -ar ending's the infinitive
To ask, to speak, to buy, to swim
Take off the -ar, you get a stem
Put these endings on the end...
I ask, you speak, we buy, they swim
To conjugate verbs in present tense, You need to
know the subject pronouns Spanish  English:
Singular
Plural
Yo 
I
Tú 
You (informal)
He
Él 
She
Ella 
Usted  You (formal OR polite)
Nosotros  We
They (masculine or mixed)
Ellos
They (feminine)
Ellas
Ustedes You guys/gals; All of you
To conjugate verbs in present tense, You need to
know the subject pronouns English Spanish:
I
Yo
Tú
Singular You (informal)
Él
He
Ella
She
You (formal OR polite) Usted
Nosotros
We
Plural
They (masculine or mixed) Ellos
Ellas
They (feminine)
Usetedes
You guys/gals; Allof you
You also need to know the
Present tense endings:
Drop off the –AR/–ER/–IR and add
the following endings:
–AR
–ER
–IR
Yo
-o
-o
-o
Tú
-as
-es
-es
Él
-a
-e
-e
Nosotros
Ellos
-amos -emos -imos
-an
-en
-en
You also need to know the
Present tense endings:
Drop off the –AR/–ER/–IR and add
the following endings:
–AR
–ER
–IR
Yo
-o
-o
Tú
-as
Él
-a
Nosotros
Ellos
-o
Bail ar
Bailo
Corr er
Corr o
-es
-es
Bailas
Corr es
-e
-e
Baila
Corr e
Bailamos
Corr emos
Bail an
Corr en
-amos -emos -imos
-an
-en
-en
LA TAREA:
STUDY your vocabulary and grammar notes.