Transcript The dictionary form - Hunter Japanese 101

きょうのおんがく
 Nobodyknows - what's going on (EL MIRADOR)
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=THRP09_sme0
 AAA – 愛（あい）しているのに、愛（あい）せない
 http://www.jpopasia.com/group/aaa/videos/aishite
ru-no-ni-aisenai::53269.html
にほんご１０１
モルナー
きょうのよてい
 Midterm Skits
 かんじ
 Vocab/dialogue
 Grammarhamehaaaaaaaaaa!
 Verbs (polite/casual)
 Direct object 􏰛 V
 Exit Tickets
 Skit Teams, HW
Midterm Skits
 Pick groups of 2 or 3
 Make a script:
 Length: 4-5 min (2-3 pages) for a 2 person group
 Length: 6-7 min (3-4 pages) for a 3 person group
 Incorporate at least two grammar points per chapter (up to chapter
3). Use as many as you want.
 Don’t need to take this to tutors, but talk to the TA’s and me, and turn
in your skit for review on 10/19
 Ideas: make a story with pictures (like three little pigs), an interview, a
date, … whatever you want!
Vocab/dialogue
 八十六ページと八十七ページをみてください。
 はちじゅうろくページとはちじゅうななページをみてください
 Note u-verbs and ru-verbs
 For the dialogue, note:
 そうです
 Kanji
 Sentence endings are verbs; not all です。
Japanese Verbs
 Different textbooks handle grammar differently, but in
GENKI, Japanese verbs are generally broken down into 3 groups:
 ru-verbs
 U-verbs
 Irregulars
 Ru-verbs are easy to identify; they end in ru (る) For example: たべる
 U-verbs end in basically everything else. Example: いく、はなす、よむ
 Occasionally u-verbs have る endings, but they are rare.
 In this chapter, we see かえる
 Irregulars are rare; する、くる
 Compound verbs exist (べんきょうする), but they all use the する conj.
Is a verb that ends in る a ru verb?
 As a rule of thumb, verbs that end in る fall in
the るverb category (minus the irregulars: する、くる)
 BUTTTTTT, as you can see with かえる (an う verb), this is NOT
always the case.
 IN GENERAL, the best way to remember them is to pay attention
to what groups the verbs are in when presented to you in the
book.
a
 Another way is to remember that verbs with a, u, or o vowels
before the る (example: とる toru (to take a picture)) will be
U-VERBS. Verbs with i or e in front of the る (ex. たべる taberu
(to eat) will be RU-VERBS.
 Exceptions unfortunately exist: かえる is an うverb → かえります
i
u
e
o
Conjugations
 The book mentions 4 types of conjugations that we
will be dealing with today: dictionary form, the stem
-masu form (affirmative and negative)
 The dictionary form: this is the form you will see in dictionaries
(obviously) and in the vocab section of you textbook. It also used
for informal conversation. EX: たべる？Will you eat?
Tis is also
very helpful for conjugations. It is the base form of the verb.
 The stem: this will become more important in later chapters, but it
is essentially the verb without the る or modified part:
 たべる
→
 はなす →
stem: たべ
stem: はなし
 -masu Form: This is the neutral polite form. It is used for
present/future tense. Changing –masu to –masen makes the
statement negative: たべる →たべます/たべません
Conjugations
 Now that we know there are different types of verbs
and different conjugations, let’s see how they work.
 There are many conjugations for different effect, today we are
dealing with the PRESENT/FUTRUE tense.

たべる (ru verb) はなす(u verb) する(irreg)
くる(irreg)
dictionary
たべる
はなす
する
くる
Pres, +
たべます
はなします
します
きます
Pres, -
ばべません
はなしません
しません
きません
stem
ばべ
はなし
し
き
Conjugations for るverbs
 Take a verb like おきる (to wake up)
 おきる is the dictionary form
 To make form… cut off the る
 たべる
ー＞
たべる = stem!
 たべる
ー＞
たべる ＋ます ＝
たべます
(positive: I eat/I will eat depending on the context)
 たべる
ー＞
たべる ＋ません＝ たべません
(negative: I do not eat/I will not eat)
Conjugations for うverbs
 Take a verb like のむ (to drink)
 のむ is the dictionary form
 To make the form…
a
ま
i
み
u
む
e
め
o
も
のむ
ー＞
のみ
のむ
ー＞
のみます
のむ
ー＞
のみません
(stem)
（present tense, pos.)
(present tense, neg)
Move up from the mu to the mi LINE.
Irregulars
 You just have to memorize these:
する (to do)
くる (to come)
Dictionary form
する
くる
Stem form
し
き
-masu, pos.
します
きます
-masu, neg
しません
きません
 NOTE: For compound verbs like べんきょうする（勉強する）you
can see する in the verb. It always conjugates the same.
Practice
 We will be putting these into sentences next class,
but first try to work with the verbs and conjugate
them properly.
CLOSE YOUR BOOKS
ねる
はなす
いく
おきる
かえる
する
くる
Ru, u,
irreg?
るverb
うverb
うverb
るverb
うverb
irreg
irreg
stem
ね
はなし
いき
おき
かえり
し
き
dictionar
y
ねる
はなす
いく
おきる
かえる
する
くる
おきま
す
かえりま
す
します
きます
はなしま いきません おきま
せん
せん
かえりま
せん
しません
きません
Masu, + ねます
Masu, -
ねません
えいごのいみは？
はなしま いきます
す
Polite/casual
 Just to note,
 たべます is the neutral//polite way to say “to eat”. So, -masu form
is the polite form.
 たべる the dictionary form is the casual form. This is used for
friends and family members.
 Example: You are on a date, and start in the –masu form
because it is the first time you meet. If the person doesn't want to
change to dictionary (short) form, then maybe the date isn’t
going so well (the other person wants to keep distance)
Tense
 The –masu form deals with the present and
FUTURE tense.
 Unlike English, there is no marker such as “will” (I
will go) to signify the future.
 You will know from context as to the meaning of
the sentence.
Direct Object を
 We saw this before with the （を）ください,
but now we will learn what it does
 Look at these examples:
 わたしは とんかつを たべます。
 おちゃを のみます。
 テニス（てにす）をします。
 アニメ（あにめ）をみます。
 さかなを たべません。
 しんぶんを よみません。
 What is the relationship of the noun attached to the を with the
verb?
Direct Object を
 おちゃを
のみます。
 (I) drink tea.
 Here, you can see that the noun with を is directly affected by the
verb it attached to.
 What is drank? The noun that the を is attached to.
 コーヒー（こうひい）をのみます. I drink coffee
 みずをのみます。 I drink water.
 ビール(びいる）をのみません。I don’t drink beer.
 As we learn more particles in this chapter, you will see they provide
different information regarding the nouns.
Translate the following:
 I eat meat.
 （わたしは） にくを たべます。
 I watch TV.
 （わたしは）テレビ（てれび）をみます。
 Mary doesn’t listen to this music.
 メアリー（めありい）さんは このおんがくを ききません。
 Takeshi doesn’t read books.
 たけしさんは ほんを よみません。
Midterm Skits
 Groups: take 5 minutes and make groups
 Be sure to exchange email info.
 We don’t have class Monday, so definitely start
to come up with ideas, and potentially even
assign roles to write.
 Scripts are due on 10/19
しゅくだい
 Meet with your group and start skit (or at least
delegate tasks)
 p.27, 28
 Vocab Quiz p 86