Transcript The Big Bang - Cobb Learning

The Big Bang
How our Solar System was
formed.
How big are you?
Now How Big?
And Now…?
It’s all relative!
Sun vs. Earth
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Sun=1 million Earths
If Earth was a golf
ball, Sun would be 15
ft in diameter
960, 000 golf balls
could fit in it, enough
to fill a school bus
The sun is an average star.
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What if our star was bigger…
 Betelgeuse
Earth vs. Betelgeuse
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IF Earth was a golf
ball, Betelgeuse
would be 6 Empire
State buildings
Enough golf balls to
fill the Superdome
3,000 times
Canis Majoris
Earth vs. Canis Majoris
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If Earth was a golf
ball=CM would be Mt.
Everest
Mt. Everest rises 6
miles above sea level
You could fit 7
quadrillion Earth’s into
Canis Majoris
OR Fill Texas with
golf balls 22 inches
deep
What is a quadrillion?
1 million seconds ago=12 days ago
 1 billion seconds ago=May, 1975
 1 trillion seconds ago=29,700 B.C.
 1 quadrillion seconds ago= 30,800,000BC
years ago
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Remember: 7 quadrillion Earth’s fit inside
Canis Majoris (Dog Star)
It’s all relative!
What is the Big Bang?
A Big event 20 billion years ago that
started the universe.
 In the first second, gravity and other
forces are formed.
 In 3 minutes: 98% of the matter that will
ever be has been produced.
 After 300,000 years: electrons and
protons form atoms.

Big Bang Continued
After 1 billion years, gravity causes
Hydrogen and Helium to form.
 These elements form galaxies and stars.
 When these first stars die, they implode.
 This forms enough heat to make the
heavier elements.
 THERE WAS NO SPACE BEFORE THIS!

Clouds of gas and dust would form
a spinning disk.
Implode
Heavier Elements
Solar System is born!
Our Solar System
Gas in the center becomes hot and
dense enough for nuclear fusion
(burning hydrogen into helium) to begin.
 This made the Sun.
 As it condensed, it spun faster, slinging
heavier elements and gas outward.
 Heavier elements cooled first, making
terrestrial planets.
 Next, gases cooled, forming Gas Giants
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How do we know?
Edwin Hubble used the red shift of stars
called: Doppler Shift.
 Hubble’s Law: the farther something was
from Earth, the faster away it was moving.
 Let’s see how that would work.
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http://www.valdosta.edu/~cbarnbau/astro_
demos/frameset_moon.html
What is a Light year
Light travels186,000 miles per second
 Drive non-stop to sun at 60 mph: 180 years

Speed of light: 8minutes
 Space shuttle to go 1 light year?

Shuttle travels at 5 miles per second
 Takes 37,200 years to go 1 light year
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A Cosmic Repetition
 Every object in the universe is part of a larger system. A cluster or
group of galaxies can be made up of smaller star clusters and
galaxies. Galaxies, such as the Milky Way, can include planetary
systems, such as our solar system. Earth is part of our solar
system. Our solar system is in the Orion arm of the Milky Way
galaxy.
 The Milky Way is part of a cluster of galaxies that make up the
Local Group. Along with other clusters, the Local Group makes up
the Local Supercluster, which is 10 million light-years thick and has
a diameter of 100 million light-years.
Day 2
3/23 BELL RINGER:
PLEASE TAKE OUT A COPY OF
THE YELLOW “CLASS PRACTICE
SHEETS” FOR SPACE QUEST 1!
A.
B.
In your IAN, not on the paper, work
with your desk partner on these key concepts
that you will be seeing again tomorrow!
Be ready to ask questions in 10 minutes!
So what is the Big Bang?

As you read this sentence, you are
traveling at a speed of 30 km/sec
around an incredibly hot star shining in
the vastness of space.
 Why
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are you moving?
https://www.brainpop.com/science/space/b
igbang/
Let’s Review!
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13.7 billion years ago all the contents of
the universe was compressed under
extreme pressure, temperature, and
density in a very tiny spot.
As the universe began to rapidly expand,
the thermal energy from the original
explosion was distributed in every
direction.
 This is what now fills space!
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Implode
Heavier Elements
Solar System is born!
Solar Nebulas p. 614
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All of the ingredients for planets, moons, and stars
are found in clouds in space:
NEBULAS!

Nebulas are mixtures of gases, mainly
_______&___________ and dust made of heavier
elements like carbon and iron.
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Gravity pulls matter together! In most nebulas, there
is a lot of space b/n the particles. (less dense than
air!)
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Gravitational pull is weak (little mass).
Pressure Pushes Matter Apart
p. 615.
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Sometimes this upsets the BALANCE.
How the Solar System Formed…
 10 million years after the solar nebula
collapsed.
 From Planetesimals to Planets…
 Finally, our average, ordinary star was
born!!!
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It’s all relative!
The Sun
10,000,000,000
years
10,832 °F
There are more stars in the universe
than there are grains of sand on the
Earth.
All objects revolve around the
Sun.
8 planets, 4 dwarf
planets.
The Earth have a gravitational pull of its own.
A Forever Expanding Universe
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What will happen to the universe? As the galaxies move
farther apart, they get older and stop forming stars.

The farther galaxies move apart from each other, the less
visible to us they will become. The expansion of the universe
depends on how much matter the universe contains.

Scientists predict that if there is enough matter, gravity could
eventually stop the expansion of the universe. If the universe
stops expanding, it could start collapsing to its original
state.

This process would be a reverse of what might have
happened during the big bang.
However,

scientists now think that there may not
be enough matter in the universe, so the
universe will continue to expand forever.

Therefore, stars will age and die, and the
universe will probably become cold and dark
after many billions of years.

Even after the universe becomes cold
and dark, it will continue to expand
forever.
In Summary: eactivity
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Observations show that the universe is expanding.
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The big bang theory states that the universe began
with an explosion about 13.7 billion years ago.
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Cosmic background radiation helps support the big
bang theory.

Scientists use different ways to calculate the age of
the universe.
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Scientists think that the universe may expand
forever
Birth of the Universe!
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How the Universe Works: The First
Second of Time
Big Bang Balloon
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Procedure:
Blow up your balloon to about 4 inches in
diameter, do not tie end.
Take marker and make six dots, scatter them on
balloon. Label one home and the others
A,B,C,D,E.
Measure and record how far away they are with
the string. Put measurements in the data table.
Blow up the balloon another 2 inches (to 6”).
Measure and record the distances.
Repeat three more times.
Answer the questions on your lab sheet.
Analysis
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How did the distance from the home dot to each
of the other dots (galaxies) change each time
you inflated the balloon?
Did the galaxies near home or those farther
away appear to move the greatest distance?
How do you think that Hubble's Law: (the
farther something is from Earth, the faster it
seemed to be moving away), helped explain
the Big Bang Theory?