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English 1
Unit 1
Advanced grammar awareness
Paola Catenaccio
• Advanced Language Awareness for Corporate
and Institutional Communication
• Aims:
– Acquiring theoretical and practical knowledge of
more advanced areas of English grammar and
usage
– Emphasis on written/spoken corporate and
academic communication
Topic
Required reading
Prescriptive grammar and formal writing
style
Punctuation
Logical connectors
Subject-verb agreement and ‘dangling’
participles
Formal lexicogrammatical choices
Topicalization and fronting
Carter, R. / McCarthy, M. 2006. Cambridge
Grammar of English. Cambridge: CUP: pp.
838-851
• THE INS AND OUTS OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE IN SOUTH
EASTERN ASIA
Organisational culture is a huge and hard concept that affects lots
of aspects of an organisation. Past and recent theory are explored
and relevant industry examples are drawn from the service industry
specifically hospitality. This area has been chosen because the
hospitality industry has now become very prominent in South East
Asia, instead until twenty years it was not as developed, therefore it
has produced many different organisational cultures (Brotherton
2003). The paper evaluates on whether it’s possible for
organisations to manage culture within companies. So what steps
could be taken that may enable managers to further understand the
effect of the organisations culture on internal, and more
importantly external customers, and business operations?
(Solomon, Bamossy and Askegaaard 2002).
• Organisational culture is a huge and hard concept
that affects lots of aspects of an organisation. Past
and recent theory are explored and relevant
industry examples are drawn from the service
industry specifically hospitality. This area has been
chosen because the hospitality industry has now
become very prominent in South East Asia, instead
until twenty years it was not as developed,
therefore it has produced many different
organisational cultures (Brotherton 2003). The
paper evaluates on whether it’s possible for
organisations to manage culture within companies.
So what steps could be taken that may enable
managers to further understand the effect of the
organisations culture on internal, and more
importantly external customers, and business
operations? (Solomon, Bamossy and Askegaaard
2002)
- Punctuation
- Subject-verb
agreement
- Logical
connectors
- Register
A panda walks into a café. He orders
a sandwich, eats it, then draws a gun
and proceeds to fire it at the other
patrons. 'Why?' asks the confused,
surviving waiter amidst the carnage,
as the panda makes towards the exit.
The panda produces a badly
punctuated wildlife manual and
tosses it over his shoulder. 'Well, I'm
a panda,' he says, at the door. 'Look
it up.' The waiter turns to the
relevant entry in the manual and,
sure enough, finds an explanation.
'Panda. Large black-and-white bearlike mammal, native to China. Eats,
shoots and leaves.’
If that was not bad enough….
• Here’s another one for
you
… you are not alone…
• http://www.nationalpu
nctuationday.com/
• Why do we use punctuation?
A Panda eats shoots and leaves.
A Panda eats, shoots and leaves.
• Similar function as rhythm and intonation in
speech
• Marks grammatical and semantic boundaries
Let’s find the «rule»
• In each of the extracts in your handout
punctuation is used incorrectly (it may be
redundant, missing, or the wrong mark may
be present).
– Work with a partner and identify and correct the
mistakes.
– Try and agree on the precise reasons for your
corrections.
1. The decisions about congestion parking that
have been pushed through by the City
Council without proper consultation, are now
beginning to cause, even more problems for
motorists.
Punctuation between obligatory
sentence constituents
1. The decisions about congestion parking that
have been pushed through by the City
Council without proper consultation are now
beginning to cause even more problems for
motorists.
(Adv)
Subject
Predicator/
verb
Object
(adv)
(Adv) Subject Verb Object (Adv) The decisions
The decisions
The decisions
about
congestion
parking that
have been
pushed through
by the City
Council without
proper
consultation…..
are now
beginning to
cause
problems
even more
problems
for motorists
2. My BSc courses included design computer
networking, and programming.
Punctuation between phrases/clauses
of the same type
2. My BSc courses included design, computer
networking(,) and programming.
Life-support machines are no different in
principle from medicines, surgery, talking
theraphies (,) or other treatments.
3. The figure represented a systematic thorough
collection of data.
4. His boss was a nice, elderly, French man with
an open smile and a strong handshake.
Punctuation with attributive adjectives
3. The figure represented a systematic, / (and)
thorough collection of data.  SAME adjective
type
4. His boss was a nice elderly French man with
an open smile and a strong handshake. 
DIFFERENT adjective type
To ‘comma’ or not to ‘comma’?
• A 1950s English angry young man.
• A shoddy inconclusive analysis of the problem.
• A range of priceless antique wooden chairs.
• A 1950s English angry young man.
• A shoddy, inconclusive analysis of the
problem.
• A range of priceless antique wooden chairs.
5. Subsequently the aircraft underwent
numerous design changes, before it was
incorporated into the Type 4 jet aircraft.
6. If we work at night and sleep during the
daytime we have difficulty in adjusting our
habits.
Punctuations and adverbial phrases
and clauses
5. Subsequently, the aircraft underwent
numerous design changes before it was
incorporated into the Type 4 jet aircraft.
6. If we work at night and sleep during the
daytime, we have difficulty in adjusting our
habits.
Sentence constituents
(Adv)
Subsequently,
If we work at night and sleep
during the day,
Subj
Verb
Obj
(Adv)
before it was incorporated
into the Type 4 jet aircraft.
7. In her article “Pronunciation Matters” which
appeared in TESOL Journal, Holt explains that
comprehensibility can be a key factor in accent
training.
8. Music therapy, a growing field of nursing has
been shown to reduce the stress of aging
patients.
Punctuation and non-integrated
elements
7. In her article “Pronunciation Matters”, which
appeared in TESOL Journal, Holt explains that
comprehensibility can be a key factor in accent
training.  non restrictive relative clause
8. Music therapy, a growing field of nursing, has
been shown to reduce the stress of aging
patients.  non-restrictive apposition
9. London is a very cosmopolitan city, there are
people from many cultures living there, you still
need to master good English to get by.
10. Dr Jones liked the new plan, it had a cost
effective approach and was backed up by
thorough research.
‘comma splices’
NEVER use a comma
to connect
two independent clauses.
Avoiding ‘comma splices’
•
•
•
•
•
NEVER use a comma
to connect
two independent clauses.
Remove the comma and replace it with a full stop
Insert a coordinating conjunction after the comma
Remove the comma and insert a semicolon or a dash (
-)
Turn the second clause into a relative clause
Remove the comma, replace with a semicolon and add
a conjunctive adverbial followed by a comma
Avoiding ‘comma splices’
9. London is a very cosmopolitan city. There are
people from many cultures living there, but you still
need to master good English to get by.
10. Dr Jones liked the new plan, which had a cost effective approach and was backed up by thorough
research.
Dr Jones liked the new plan; it had a cost-effective
approach and was backed up by thorough research.
• Do the following online task:
– http://www.uefap.com/writing/exercise/punc/pu
ncex2.htm