Transcript Grammer Unitx

Learning about Basic Grammar rules
• We will be looking at what are nouns,
adjectives, verbs, and adverbs
Simple Rule a noun is anything you can TOUCH
A verb is the ACTION in the sentence you
have to be able to DO it to be a verb
Adjectives describe the noun
Adverbs describe the verb – how is the
action being done?
Learning about Basic Grammar rules
• The proper use of periods, question marks,
exclamation marks, and commas
End Punctuation
• End punctuation are used for two reasons:
– To tell the person when to stop and take a breath
– To let the reader know the EMOTION of the
sentence
Lets try to read this paragraph
• Once upon a time there was a young girl who
lived in a magical wood this girl’s name was
Penelope Penelope had beautiful blue eyes and
long dark hair Penelope loved to go for walks into
the dark woods behind her house on this one
particular day Penelope ran into a magic frog Do
you know what happened next That frog jumped
into her face and before she knew what has
happening Penelope turned into a frog she was
doomed to live on a lily pad in the forest forever
poor Penelope.
Periods, questions, exclamation marks
• Declarative sentences use a period to show a
statement, providing information, or a fact.
• Interrogative sentences use a question mark to show
when a question is being asked
• Exclamatory sentences use an exclamation mark
when you want the reader to see urgency, emotion,
or excitement about something that is happening.
Lets try to read this paragraph
• Once upon a time there was a young girl who
lived in a magical wood This girl’s name was
Penelope Penelope had beautiful blue eyes and
long dark hair Penelope loved to go for walks into
the dark woods behind her house On this one
particular day, Penelope ran into a magic frog Do
you know what happened next That frog jumped
into her face and before she knew what was
happening, Penelope turned into a frog She was
doomed to live on a lily pad in the forest forever
Poor Penelope
Commas are important
Commas ,
• You use a comma to tell the reader to take a short
breath or a slight pause before continuing
• You use a comma to separate a list of items or
actions in your writing
• To separate a month and day from the year or
parts of an address
• To separate dependent clauses from independent
clauses
• To set off dialogue (which we will look at when
we do quotations)
Read the paragraphs and add any needed commas.
Jenny my best friend from summer camp is coming for a visit this
weekend. Although she is from a big city with a lot of exciting things
to do I am sure she will enjoy visiting our farm. She will enjoy
swimming in our pond riding horses and picking berries for pies. My
brother is afraid she will get bored on our farm but I think she will
love it here. With all of the things Mom and I have planned she
won't have time to be bored. I'm afraid she will however be very
tired each night. Maybe this visit will be so much fun she will want
to come back again next summer.
(9 missing commas)
Quotations
Learning about Quotations “ “
• Quotations are used when someone is directly
talking in a written piece of work
• The quotation marks go around the front of
EXACTLY what the person is saying and the
end of EXACTLY what the person said.
• They are also used around the titles of stories,
songs, books, movies, TV shows and poems
• Commas, question marks, exclamation marks
and periods go inside the quotations
Learning about capitalization
Learning about Capitalization
• At the START of EVERY sentence the first word
ALWAYS gets a capital
• Proper Nouns are ALWAYS capitalized, for
example
– names of people, places, products, organizations, etc.
– main words in the title of books, stories, movies,
songs, etc.
– days of the week, months and holidays
• When you are talking about yourself and you use
the word I, it is your name and your name
ALWAYS gets a capital.
What is a simple sentence?
• Simple sentences are also called independent
clauses (can stand all by itself)
• A simple sentence has a subject and a
predicate. This means there is a noun and an
action that the noun does (verb).
What is a simple sentence?
• Simple sentences can be very short,
consisting of only one word (a noun) for the
subject and one word (a verb) for the
predicate
John laughed.
What is a simple sentence?
• Simple sentences can also be long,
although they still consist of one subject (a
noun and modifiers) and one predicate (a
verb and other elements).
The tall, good-looking boy with the
curly blond hair laughed wildly at his
best friend’s suggestion.
What is a simple sentence?
• A sentence that contains either just a
subject or predicate is called a sentence
fragment.
• A sentence fragment fails to be a sentence
in the sense that it cannot stand by
itself….something is missing.
Sentence Fragment?
1. Went home after lunch.
2. Sam and Sherry went to class.
3. The students in the class
What is a compound sentence?
• Compound sentences are made up of two simple
sentences connected by a coordinating conjunction.
These conjunctions are also known as FANBOYS…
F – For (cause/effect)
A – And (addition/next action)
N – Nor (not one nor the other)
B – But (opposition/unexpected results)
O – Or (choice between two)
Y – Yet (opposition/unexpected results)
S – So (cause/effect)
Addition / Next Action
• addition -> Tom enjoys playing tennis, and he
likes cooking.
• next action -> We drove home, and we went
to bed.
Opposition - Unexpected Results
• opposition  We wanted to visit our friends,
but we didn't have enough money to get a
flight.
• Unexpected result  Janet did very well on
her job interview, yet she didn't get the
position.
Cause / Effect
• cause -> Mary needed some new clothing, so
she went shopping.
• effect -> They stayed home for the holiday, for
they had to work.
Choice Between Two
• We thought we might go to see a film, or we
might have dinner out.
• Angela said she might buy him a watch, or she
might give him a gift certificate.
Not One nor the Other
• We won't be able to visit our friends, nor will
they be able to visit us this summer.
• Sharon isn't going to the conference, nor is
she going to present there.
1)
Mary thinks she should go to school. She wants to get qualifications for a new profession.
2)
Alan invested a lot of money in the business. The business went bankrupt.
3)
Doug didn't understand the homework assignment. He asked the teacher for help.
4)
The students didn't prepare for the test. They didn't realize how important the test was.
5)
Susan thinks she should stay home and relax. She also thinks she should go on vacation.
6)
The doctors looked at the x-rays. They decided to operate on the patient.
7)
We went out on the town. We came home late.
8)
Jack flew to London to visit his Uncle. He also wanted to visit the National Museum.
9)
It is sunny. It is very cold.
10)
Henry studied very hard for the test. He passed with high marks.
11)
I would like to play tennis today. If I don't play tennis, I would like to play golf.
12)
We needed some food for the week. We went to the supermarket.
13)
Tom asked his teacher for help. He also asked his parents for help.
14)
Janet doesn't like sushi. She doesn't like any kind of fish.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Mary thinks she should go to school, for she wants to get
qualifications for a new profession.
Alan invested a lot of money in the business, but the business went
bankrupt.
Doug didn't understand the homework assignment, so he asked the
teacher for help.
The students didn't prepare for the test, nor did they realize how
important the test was.
Susan thinks she should stay home and relax, or she should go on
vacation.
The doctors looked at the x-rays, so they decided to operate on the
patient.
We went out on the town, and we came home late.
Jack flew to London to visit his Uncle, and to visit the National
Museum.
It is sunny, but it is very cold.
Henry studied very hard for the test, so passed with high marks.
I would like to play tennis today, or I would like to play golf.
We needed some food for the week, so We went to the supermarket.
Tom asked his teacher for help, and he asked his parents.
Janet doesn't like sushi, nor does she like any kind of fish.
What is a complex sentence?
• A complex sentence has an independent
clause ( a simple sentence that can stand all
by itself and still make sense) and a
dependent clause ( an extra part of the
sentence that is incomplete without the
independent clause)
What is a complex sentence?
• Complex sentences are often formed by
putting these words at the beginning of the
dependent clause: as, as if, before, after,
because, although, even though, while, when,
whenever, if, during, as soon as, as long as,
since, until, unless, where, who, which and
wherever.
• These words are called subordinating
conjunctions
Examples of Complex Sentences
• After I came home, I made dinner.
(dependent clause: After I came home)
(independent clause: I made dinner)
• We visited the museum, before it closed.
(dependent clause: before it closed.)
(independent clause: We visited the museum)
Identify the Clauses
1. Because the bridge wasn't properly maintained by
the government, it fell down.
2. He'll be able to maintain a healthy weight if he
keeps exercising.
3. Whenever they eat at this restaurant, they order a
hamburger and fries.
4. He wants to eat cake for dessert, although he ate a
really big dinner
Quiz time
• http://www.softschools.com/quizzes/languag
e_arts/sentence_types/quiz2832.html