Transcript Nuclear fusion

The Sun
Eric Angat
Teacher
Essential Question
How does the Sun
produce energy and
how does it affect us
and our planet?
The Sun
•The Sun is the center of the Solar system
( Heliocentric).
•The Sun is powered by Nuclear Fusion.
• Hydrogen is the fuel of the Sun.
•Sunlight powers photosynthesis.
•Photosynthesis provide us food and oxygen.
Copy and answer the following questions.
1. Where
is our Sun
found in the universe?
2. What is the Milky Way
Galaxy?
Copy and answer the following questions.
3. How are we
protected from solar
radiation?
Earth’s Geomagnetic Field
is protecting us.
Solar flare
Solar Wind
Effects
Copy and answer the following questions.
4. How does nuclear
fusion happen?
5. How long does it
take for sunlight to
reach us?
Nuclear Fusion powers the Sun and all other
stars. This happens in the Sun’s core.
Hydrogen
or H is
the fuel of
stars.
Sunlight
as
energy.
Helium as
by
product
Neutrino
as by
product
Sunlight takes 8 minutes and 20 seconds to
reach Earth. Sunlight travel through space in
the form of electromagnetic wave.
Nuclearis
Fission
6.How
Nuclear Nuclear
fission Fusion
Worldwide
Powersfusion?
the stars
differentnuclear
from Nuclear
power plants near
earthquake zones.
Fuel: Uranium
Atomic Bomb dropped
in Horoshima and
Nagasaki, Japan
http://www.weather.gov.hk/education/dbcp/pow_stat/eng/r5.ht
and nuclear bombs.
Fuel: Hydrogen
Nuclear Bomb tested
450 x or more stronger
than the atomic bomb.
Copy and answer the questions.
7. What will happen
to the Solar system
when the Sun runs
out of fuel?
Copy and answer the questions.
8. How did we learn
about the
composition of the
Sun?
Every chemical element has its own spectrum. This spectrum
is like a “fingerprint” for the element.
Each star will produce a different spectrum. Scientist can tell
from the dark lines in the spectrum which elements are
present in the star’s atmosphere. The Sun’s spectrum shows
dark lines that represent absorbed light from the elements
hydrogen and helium.
9. How big,
bright, hot is the
Sun compared to
other stars in the
known universe?
The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram
Luminosity means how bright.
Y
Temperature means how hot. X
10. How do plants and animal
use sunlight as a source
of energy?
Solar energy is converted to chemical energy or food through
photosynthesis
a. Plants use sunlight for
photosynthesis to produce
food.
b. Human being use sunlight to
make their bones strong.
11. How is solar energy so important to
the life on Earth?
Plants
All
of the
need
choices
light for
arephotosynthesis
true but which of
and
them answers
produce
food. the question?
a.Because light enables living things to see.
b.Because light travels through space in the
form of electromagnetic waves.
c.Because plants are producers of food and
need sunlight for photosynthesis.
d.Because light makes our bones and teeth
strong.
Sunlight is used
as energy for
photosynthesis
Without plants we
do not have
oxygen and food.
12. Why do green plants
require solar energy?
A. to produce their food through
photosynthesis.
B. to absorb nitrogen.
C. to release carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere.
D. to decompose the dead or
decaying remains of animals.
13. Which describes the difference between
nuclear fission and nuclear fusion?
A. Nuclear fission is the process that produces the radiant
energy of stars, and nuclear fusion splits a heavier
nucleus into smaller nuclei.
B. Nuclear fission splits a heavier nucleus into smaller
nuclei, and nuclear fusion is the process that produces
the radiant energy of stars.
C. Nuclear fission produces the energy in the core of
Earth, and nuclear fusion produces energy in nuclear
power plants.
D. Nuclear fission produces energy in nuclear power
plants, and nuclear fusion produces the energy in the
core of Earth.
Radiation moves
energy without
any help from
matter.
Sunlight travel in
space in the form of
electromagnetic
radiation
14. How do solar energy
travel through space?
a.convection
b.radiation
c.conduction
d.insulation
15. Which of the following
chemical reactions produce the
sun’s energy?
A. Helium nuclei are combined by
nuclear fusion.
B. Oxygen is present to cause
combustion of solar fuel molecules.
C. Hydrogen nuclei combine
through nuclear fusion into helium.
D. Helium and oxygen break down
through nuclear fission.
16. How is solar energy
essential to plants?
A. Solar energy maintains the internal
temperature of the plants.
B. Solar energy is converted to
chemical energy used by the plants.
C. Solar energy signals the plants to
release leaves in the fall.
D. Solar energy regulates the
consumption of oxygen by the plant.
17. How does the sun’s energy
affect food webs on Earth?
A. The ultraviolet radiation of the sun generates
ozone for plants to support all life.
B. The wavelengths of visible light stimulate
plant cells to produce energy compounds by
photosynthesis.
C. The microwaves emitted by the sun stimulate
animal reproduction in the rainforest.
D. The infrared radiation reflected from the Earth’s
surface drives the carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen
cycles.
Our sun in an
average star.
http://www-bioc.rice.edu/pblclass/6th%20grade/astronomy/star%20life.pdf
Stars are born in a region
of high density
Nebula, and condenses
into a huge globule of gas and
dust and contracts under its
own gravity.
nebula
is a cloud of dust and
gas, composed primarily
of hydrogen (97%) and
helium (3%)..
http://sunshine.chpc.utah.edu/labs/star_life/starlife_proto.html
Scientists believe that new
stars form inside of nebulas
Makes life on our planet possible by
giving us great amounts of light and
heat.
Is just a medium sized star (yellow
dwarf). It is about 1.4 million
kilometers in diameter.
Is the center of our Solar System
(HELIOCENTRIC). All the planets and
other objects orbit around it.
made up mostly of hydrogen.
http://www.frontiernet.net/~kidpower/su
n.html
Contains dark spots that are known
as sunspots.
The Sun is by far the largest
object in the solar system. It contains
more than 99.8% of the total mass
of the Solar System (Jupiter contains
most of the rest).
The Sun's outer
visible layer is
called the
photosphere
The region immediately
above the photosphere
is called the
chromosphere.
chromosphere
http://genesismission.jpl.nasa.gov/science/mod3_SunlightSolarHeat/SolarStructure/
corona
Visible during total eclipse of
the Sun, when for a few
minutes the Moon
completely covers the Sun's
face, a glow appears around
the darkened Sun--the solar
corona, the Sun's outermost
atmosphere.
http://www-istp.gsfc.nasa.gov/Education/wcorona.html
sunspot
A sunspot is a region on the Sun's surface
(photosphere) that is marked by a lower
temperature than its surroundings and has
intense magnetic activity.
solar
prominence
is a large bright feature extending
outward from the sun's surface,
often in a loop configuration.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Solar_prominence_1.jpg
The smallest of the loop prominences shown
here is over three times bigger than the Earth
.
Flare (Solar)
Rapid release of energy from a
localized region on the Sun in the
form of electromagnetic radiation,
energetic particles, and mass
motions.
What impact do solar flares have
on human activities?
Solar flares produce high energy
particles and radiation that are dangerous to
living organisms. However, at the surface of the
Earth we are well protected from the effects of
solar flares and other solar activity by the
Earth's magnetic field and atmosphere. The
most dangerous emissions from flares are
energetic charged particles (primarily highenergy protons) and electromagnetic radiation
(primarily x-rays).
SOLAR WIND
The solar wind is a continuous
stream of ions (electrically charged
particles) that are given off by
magnetic anomalies on the Sun.
The comet’s tail form because of the
solar wind.
black hole
An area of dense,
invisible matter in space.
The gravitational
attraction is so large in
this that anything that
enters will not escape.
The Sun, like most other
astronomical objects (planets,
asteroids, galaxies, etc.), rotates on
its axis. Unlike Earth and other solid
objects, the entire Sun doesn't rotate
at the same rate. Because the Sun is
not solid, but is instead a giant ball of
gas and plasma, different parts of
the Sun spin at different rates.
What are black holes?
Have you ever had to vacuum
your bed room? When you do,
watch closely because you will
see the dirt, and crumbs start to
move towards the vacuum
cleaner. A black hole is similar to
a vacuum cleaner, cleaning up
debris left behind in outer space.
In the universe, most stars occur in
groups of at least two stars. Two
stars that are locked in elliptical
orbit around their center of mass
(their barycenter) are called a
binary star system.
About half of all stars are in a
binary star system.
WHY DO STARS TWINKLE?
The scientific name for the twinkling
of stars is stellar scintillation (or
astronomical scintillation). Stars
twinkle when we see them from the
Earth's surface because we are
viewing them through thick layers of
turbulent (moving) air in the Earth's
atmosphere.
WHAT IS THE
CLOSEST STAR?
The closest star to us is the sun!
Other than that, the closest star
is Proxima Centauri. Proxima
Centauri is 4.3 light-years from
the Sun. It has an absolute
magnitude of 15.5
WHY ARE STARS HOT
AND BRIGHT?
Nuclear fusion. Stars are giant
nuclear reactors. In the center of
stars, atoms are taken apart by
tremendous atomic collisions that
alter the atomic structure and release
an enormous amount of energy. This
makes stars hot and bright.