Transcript Verb Form
VERB FORM THE 4 TYPES OF VERBS Action Verbs - verbs which show action! Ex: run, jump, eat, sleep, think, stare Ex: I jump at the chance to talk about verbs! Being Verbs - verbs which show a state of being. Depending on the situation, they can act alone or as helping or linking verbs. There are only eight: is, am, are, was, were, be, being, been. Ex: Are you taking a full load of classes? I am. Ex: Were you in class yesterday? I was. Ex: He is studying for Friday’s quiz. Ex: He wants to be a rock star. Ex: She has been practicing. Ex: They are being excellent role models. THE 4 TYPES OF VERBS Helping Verbs - verbs which help show tense and occur before the main verb (usually an action verb) Helping Verbs: am, is, are, was, were, have, has, had, do, does, did, can, could, may, might, must, will, should, would, ought to, used to Ex: We are working on verb form today. Linking Verbs - verbs used when the predicate renames or describes the subject. Linking Verbs: is, am, are, was, were, be, being, been, feel, taste, look, smell, appear, grow, remain, stay, turn, seem, sound, become, prove Ex: I am interested. He feels happy. She is the teacher. VERB FORMS FOR REGULAR VERBS All verbs have 5 forms used to create the different tenses. Regular verbs add a –d or –ed to make the simple past and past participle forms. Ex: I need to walk. She walks every day. He is walking. Ex: They walked yesterday. We have walked the dog. Ex: (passive voice) The dog was walked this morning. Regular Verb Infinitive Simple Present Simple Past Past Participle To + Verb No helping verb No helping Use with has, have, verb had OR Passive voice Use with is, am, are, was, were to walk walk(s) walked walking walked Present Participle TROUBLE SPOTS Don’t forget your –d and –ed with “used to” and “supposed to.” These words usually occur with the infinitive (to + verb) of other verbs. Use –d or –ed: If you’re using “used to” to mean “formerly.” Ex: I used to have trouble with verb form. If you’re using “supposed to” to mean “should,” “should have,” or “believed to be true.” Ex: I am supposed to sit in the front row. Ex: Jacob was supposed to clean his room today. Ex: These study guides are supposed to be good. Ex: I had supposed you were paying attention. VERB FORM FOR IRREGULAR VERBS oIrregular verbs change their spelling in various ways to make the simple past and past participle forms. •Ex: I was in class yesterday. I have been in class every day. •Ex: I drove to school last semester. Tom has driven this semester. Maria was driven to school this morning. Infinitive Simple Present Simple Past Past Participle Present Participle To + Verb No helping verb No helping verb *Use with has, have, or had OR passive voice Use with is, am, are, was, were Irregular Verb to be is, am, are was, were been being Irregular Verb to drive drive(s) drove driven driving BE, HAVE, AND DO •The irregular verbs be, have, and do have several forms in the simple present and the simple past. •1st person present: I am a student at Hinds Community College. We are freshmen this year. 1st person past: I was asleep ten minutes before class started. We were taking practice quizzes until 2 AM. 2nd person present: You are close to making an A in this class. 2nd person past: You were my favorite student. 3rd person present: Composition I is the most exciting class ever. My parents are impressed with the A’s on my report card. 3rd person past: He was a demanding instructor. Midterms were stressful, but I survived. Irregular Verb Infinitive Simple Present Simple Past Past Participle Present Participle To + Verb No helping verb No helping verb *Use with has, have, or had OR passive voice Use with is, am, are, was, were to be is, am, are was, were been being Irregular Verb Irregular Verb Infinitive Simple Present Simple Past Past Participle Present Participle To + Verb No helping verb No helping verb *Use with has, have, or had OR passive voice Use with is, am, are, was, were to have has, have had had having Infinitive Simple Present Simple Past Past Participle Present Participle To + Verb No helping verb No helping verb *Use with has, have, or had OR passive voice Use with is, am, are, was, were to do do, does did done doing GENERAL NOTES ABOUT IRREGULAR VERBS There is no consistent pattern to the way irregular verbs change form. You simply must memorize the irregular verbs. There is a good list on the Grammar Bytes website: http://www.chompchomp.com/handouts/irregularrules01.pdf Most people make two particular kinds of errors with irregular verbs: 1) Adding an –ed to an irregular verb Incorrect: He drived to school yesterday. Correct: He drove to school yesterday. 2) Mixing up the simple past and the past participle forms. Incorrect: We seen that show too. Correct: We saw that show too. Trouble Spots •The irregular verbs sit and set are often confused. •Definitions: Sit means “to rest.” Set means “to place something.” *There is usually a direct object after set. Ex: Please sit down. She sat on the bench. They have sat there every day. Ex: Set your papers on your desk. She set the baby down hours ago. They have set their hearts on a new car. Infinitive Simple Present Simple Past Past Participle Present Participle To + Verb No helping verb No helping verb *Use with has, have, or had OR passive voice Use with is, am, are, was, were Irregular Verb to sit sit(s) sat sat sitting Irregular Verb to set set(s) set set setting Trouble Spots •The irregular verbs lie and lay are often confused. •Definitions: Lie means “to rest or recline.” Lay means “to put something down.” *There is usually a direct object after lay. Ex: I need to lie down. After studying all day, we lay down for a nap. I have lain on the couch since yesterday. The cat is lying on the sofa. Ex: Lay down your pencils. Sarah laid her purse on the table. Mom has laid down the law. Timothy is laying brick in his kitchen. Infinitive Simple Present Simple Past Past Participle Present Participle To + Verb No helping verb No helping verb *Use with has, have, or had OR passive voice Use with is, am, are, was, were Irregular Verb to lie lie(s) lay lain lying Irregular Verb to lay lay(s) laid laid laying