Transcript Ch. 3 PowerPoint Presentation

Revising + Editing
The third (and last) step in the
writing process
REVISING + EDITING
• Once you have finished writing, you revise and
edit your work.
• DO NOT turn in an assignment that you have
NOT spent time revising and editing.
REVISING
• When we revise our work we can:
– Add new ideas
– Take out irrelevant sentences
– Rearrange our ideas
– Make our supporting details stronger
Ask Yourself:
• Is there a clear topic sentence?
• Do all the sentences support the topic
sentence?
• Is there enough information to support the
topic?
• Are the sentences organized in a logical order?
• Are there transition words to guide the reader
from one idea to the next?
• Ever since I got a part-time job after school, I’ve had
trouble managing my time. By the time I get home
from work, I don’t have much time to do my
schoolwork. I have to rush through my homework, and
my assignments are often late and incomplete. My
social life is also suffering. I never seem to have
enough time to be with my friends because I’m too
busy working. Some of my friends have even stopped
inviting me to go out with them. Worst of all, my
demanding job leaves me little time for myself. I don’t
have time to do the things I really enjoy like reading
magazines, taking pictures, and watching movies.
Since I have so little time for studying, my grades are
falling. Although I need the extra money I make, my
job is really eating into my time.
• My roommate and I are not very compatible. For
one thing, we have different sleeping habits. He
likes to stay up late watching TV or listening to
music, but I prefer to go to bed early. In addition,
he is a very neat person. He likes the room neat
nad clean at all times. On the other hand, I am
very messy. I never hang up my clothes, and I
always have books and papers scattered all over
the room. Finally, while my roommate is a very
social person, I am quite private. He likes to have
his friends in our room and wants our room to be
the party place. Luckily, we both like the same
kind of music. On the other hand, I need my
privacy and think of my room as my own quiet
space where I can be myself.
• First of all, it is easy to spend more money than I
have when I use credit cards. I often charge so
much that I can’t afford to pay the whole bill
when it arrives. Since I can only pay a small
amount each month, it’s going to take me years
to pay off the balance. Another problem I have
with credit cards is that it’s too easy to buy on
impulse. I often end up purchasing things I don’t
really need or even like that much. I love the new
pair of shoes I just charged. The interest rate on
many of my cards is very high, and that’s very
upsetting. Some of my credit cards have a 19%
interest rate, and the interest charges really add
up! Unfortunately, I have ended up with a big
debt very quickly. Therefore, I’ve decided to cut
up my credit cards and never use them again.
EDITING
• When we EDIT our work, we look at each
sentence carefully to find and correct mistakes
in grammar, spelling, and punctuation
Subject/Verb Agreement
• If your subject is SINGULAR, then your verb
must also be SINGULAR.
• If your subject is PLURAL, then your verb must
also be PLURAL.
• If a list of subjects are joined by OR or NOR
then the verb should agree with the subject
closest to the verb.
Example:
• My friend WAS late for class. (Singular)
• My friend and I WERE late for class. (Plural)
• Neither Emily nor Ann PLAN to join the tennis
club (Singular subject closest to verb)
• Neither Ann nor her sisters PLAN to join the
tennis club (Plural subject closest to verb)
Practice:
• One of my friends (has/have) a new car.
• Everyone who works hard in this class
(do/does) well.
• Many of my friends (like/likes) the professor.
• The instructor (don’t/doesn’t) give a lot of
homework.
• One of the reasons that I chose to go into
medicine (is/are) that I like to travel to work.
• Both Cassie and her cousin (go/goes) to the
University.
• The book and the movie (has/have) the same
ending.
Pronoun/Noun Agreement
• A pronoun refers back to a SPECIFIC noun.
• A Pronoun should agree in number with the
noun it refers to.
• If you use a singular noun, use a singular
pronoun.
• If you use a plural noun, use a plural pronoun.
Lists of Pronouns
• Singular = P. 51
• Plural = 52
Examples:
• When a STUDENT eats in the cafeteria, HE or
SHE must show a student ID.
• When STUDENTS eat in the cafeteria, THEY
must show a student ID.
Practice:
• Everyone on the team (comes/come) to
practice every day.
• All the team members (has/have) to work
hard.
• Each one of your students (is/are) improving.
• He said, “Nobody (care/cares) about the
game.”
• Someone (is/are) going to pay for this mistake.
Possessive Pronouns & Adjectives
• A possessive pronoun (his, her, their, mine) or
an adjective MUST agree with the WORD it
refers to. If the word referred to is singular,
the possessive pronoun or adjective must be
singular. If the word is plural, the possessive
pronoun or adjective must be plural
Example
• The little BOY is holding HIS mother’s hand.
• The CHILDREN are holding THEIR mothers’
hands.
• EACH girl had HER own bedroom in the
apartment.
• BOTH of our daughters have THEIR own cars.
Practice
• Both of the students forgot (his/their)
notebooks.
• Neither of my sisters owns (her/their) own car.
• Matthew likes (his/their) meat cooked well
done.
• The Wexlers send (his/their) children to
private school.
• One of the women has retired from (her/their)
job.
• This isn’t Wendy’s jacket. It’s (my/mine).
• Allie bought that iPod from me so now it’s
(hers/her’s).
Incomplete Sentences
(Sentence Fragments)
• If a sentence lacks either a subject or a verb or
is not a complete thought it is a sentence
fragment (also called an incomplete sentence
Fragments
• Did very well on her math test. (no subject)
• For example: apples, pears, oranges, peaches,
mangos, and lemons. (no verb)
• Before I went to college. (incomplete
thought)
Fragments
• Starting a sentence with a conjunction is the
most common way my students write
sentence fragments.
• Conjunctions JOIN thoughts together, so if you
start a sentence with one, you are leaving off
half your thought.
• List of common conjunctions = p. 54 in book
Complete or Fragment?
• Works out in the gym every day.
• I love visiting Monet’s gardens in France
because gardening is my hobby.
• Hockey can be a very dangerous sport if you
don’t have the right equipment.
• Because I couldn’t understand the homework.
• And ran out of gas on the way to work.
• Whenever my next-door neighbor has time.
• Although she had a bad cold and hadn’t slept
well for days.
• That my friend told me was the best movie he
had ever seen.
Run-On Sentences
• A run-on sentence occurs when two or more
complete sentences are written as one sentence.
• If you try to combine two thoughts that DO NOT
go together in one sentence you will create a runon sentence.
• Using commas instead of periods creates run-on
sentences.
• Using no punctuation creates run-on sentences.
Run-On Sentences
• Run-On Sentences are the NUMBER ONE
reason why students in my writing classes get
grades of “C” or below on their In-Class
Writing Assignments.
Run-On Sentence Examples
• Judy is celebrating she won first prize.
• Sue loves to cook her husband, Rick, loves to
garden.
• The movie was boring we watched it anyway
• I’m very hungry I need to cook breakfast.
How to Fix Run-On Sentences
• Option #1: Turn them into 2 (or more)
sentences.
• This is the EASIEST and SAFEST way to fix RunOn Sentences because it ALWAYS works.
• Example:
• I’m very hungry I need to cook breakfast.
• I’m very hungry. I need to cook breakfast.
How to Fix Run-On Sentences
• Option #1: Add a conjunction
• If you have two ideas that are related to each
other, you can join them correctly in one
sentence with a conjunction.
• Example:
• Judy is celebrating she won first prize.
• Judy is celebrating BECAUSE she won first
prize.
How to Fix Run-On Sentences
• Add a semi-colon (;)
• If you have two ideas in your run-on sentence that are
VERY CLOSELY related to each other, you can turn them
into one correct sentence by adding a semi-colon.
• It is VERY EASY to misuse semi-colons, so my
suggestion is to turn your run-on sentences into 2
separate sentences instead.
• Example:
• Jeff went to the beach on vacation he was seeking a
relaxing break from work.
• Jeff went to the beach on vacation; he was seeking a
relaxing break from work.
Ms. Margaret’s Golden Rule:
• NEVER, EVER, EVER FIX A RUN-ON SENTENCE
WITH A COMMA!!!!!!
Complete or Run-On?
• My son bought two t-shirts he thought they
were cool.
• I like my dentist he is very gentle.
• It was too cold yesterday to ski we stayed in
the lodge.
• When Jerry finishes work, he’ll join us at the
party.
• The Pilgrims first came to Plymouth,
Massachusetts in 1620 they were seeking
religious freedom.
• If all twenty-five of us agree, it will be a
miracle.
• Dennis called to say that his computer is
making strange noises he thinks it is broken.
• They wanted to play golf but we thought it
was too hot we all went swimming instead.
• There are several ways to get from New York
to Philadelphia the most convenient is by
train.
• I have a very good memory my husband, on
the other hand, does not.
MECHANICS
• Spelling & Punctuation
Periods (.)
• Go at the end of sentences!!!!!
• Use a period with most abbreviations:
– Mr.
– Mrs.
– A.M.
– P.M.
– Etc.
Question Marks (?)
• Go at the end of questions
• Who is driving me to the airport?
• Who is going to pass level 3 writing?
Colon (:)
• Use a colon to introduce a list:
– The museum offers daily tours of the following
collections: American, Asian, Classical and European.
• Use a colon to separate hours and minutes
– 3:15
– 2:45
• Use a colon to introduce a quotation:
– Writing about his life, British philosopher Bertrand
Russel said: “Three passions, simple but
overwhealmingly strong, have governed my life….”
Commas (,)
• Commas Separate words, phrases and clauses.
• We use commas to set apart:
– Terms of address
– Introductory dependent clauses
– Transitional expressions
– Items in a series
– Nonrestrictive appositives
– Contrasting elements
Separate Out Proper Names
Examples:
Please, Dick, don’t go.
Dana, what do you think about this dress?
Introductory Dependent Clauses
• Commas separate dependent clauses that come
AT THE BEGINNING of a sentence.
•
•
•
•
Examples:
When I first get to work, I adjust the thermostat.
VS.
I adjust the thermostat when I first get to work.
Transitional Expressions
• Use commas to set off transitional expressions
(when you change your mind, restate
something, or switch to a different topic)
• Examples:
• I’ll have some cake. No, on second thought,
I’ll have the pie.
• Something’s not right. In other words, let’s
get out of here!
Items in a series
• Commas are used to separate 3 or more similar items
in a series. The comma takes the place of a
conjunction. The series can be single words, phrases or
clauses.
• Nouns: Apples, peaches, and oranges are all fruit.
• Verbs: My dog fetches, rolls over, and lifts his paw for
you to shake.
• Adverbs, The children were tired, dirty, and happy after
their camping trip.
• Adjectives: It was a close, exciting game. (always use
commas to separate adjectives even if there are only 2
in your list)
Items in a series
• Phrases: Contact the voters by calling on the
phone, by writing letters, or by going door to
door.
• Clauses: I can’t determine which side is up,
which side is down, or which side is in the
middle.
Practice
• Please Rick study harder for your next test.
• Jane should we go shopping on Sunday?
• If you are going to the store please remember
to buy eggs.
• When I get home I need to call my mother.
• Wait I changed my mind I’d rather go to the
movies on Sunday.
• My students did well on their quizzes. In
other words they are pretty smart.
• When I go to the store I need to get eggs
bread soup and a salad.
• The class was hard long and boring, but we
had to take it to get our degree.
• I tried to contact you by phone by email and
by text message, but you didn’t reply.
• When I exercise I like to walk on the treadmill
go swimming lift weights and do yoga.
Capitalization
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Capitalize the first word in each sentence.
Capitalize proper names.
Capitalize titles before names (Dr. Mrs.)
Capitalize the names of racial and ethnic groups
(African American, Asian, Caucasian)
Capitalize the names of specific countries, states, cities,
towns, rivers, oceans, streets and mountains.
Capitalize the days of the week, months and holidays.
Capitalize the names of religions.
Capitalize nationalities and languages.
• my russian teacher is very handsome.
• have you read romeo and juliet in your english
literature class yet?
• i meet with my advisor every tuesday and
thursday morning.
• my sister, ruth, has just returned from a trip to
istanbul and athens.
• shopping is one of the most popular activities
of visitors to new york.
Homework:
• MANDATORY (for a grade): Complete the
editing packet. Due Thursday!
• REMEMBER: Your practice paragraph packet is
also due on Thursday. Don’t wait until the last
minute to do all of your homework!!!