Transcript English 1 for Management (1EA)

English 1 for Management (1EA)
Dea Adlina
Review Tenses
PAST AND PRESENT
Present
Present
Subject + V1
Subject + Auxiliary Verb
+ V-ing
Present
Subject + have + V3
(Past Participle Form)
Subject + have been
+ V-ing
Present ending with –s or –es
• A final –s or –es is added to a noun to make a
noun plural.
– Noun + -S : Friends are important.
– Noun + -ES : I like my classes.
• A final –s or –es is added to a simple present verb
when the subject is a singular noun or third
person singular pronoun.
– John(He) works (singular)
– They work(plural)
Present ending with –s or –es
• Final –es is added to words that end in -sh, -ch, -s, z, and –x
• Box  boxes
• Watch  watches
• For the words that ended in –y:
– If –y is preceded by a vowel, only –s is added.
• Toy  toys
– If –y is preceded by a consonant, the –y is changed into
–i and –es is added.
• Cry  cries
Past
Past
Subject + V2
Subject + was/were
+ V-ing
Past
Subject + had + V3
(Past Participle Form)
Subject + had been
+ V-ing
Possessive nouns, pronouns and adjectives
POSSESSIVES
Possesive noun
Possessive nouns require apostrophes.
Singular noun
Possessive form
The girl
The girl’s
Brook
Brook’s
A lady
A lady’s
Thomas
Thomas’s / Thomas'
Plural noun
Possessive form
The girls
The girls’
The children
The children’s
The ladies
The ladies’
The men
The men’s
Thomas‘ book is on the table.
The men’s books are on the table.
Possesive pronoun and adjectives
Possessive pronouns
Mine
your
Hers, his
Possessive pronouns are NOT followed immediately by
a noun. They stand alone.
Example: That shirt is mine. Those are yours over there.
ours
yours
Possessive pronouns do NOT require apostrophes.
theirs
Possessive adjectives
My
Possessive adjectives are followed immediately by a
noun. They do NOT stand alone.
Your
Her, his, its
Our
Your
their
Example: My shirt is here. Your shirt is over there.
Possessive pronouns do NOT require apostrophes.
comparative, and superlative
DEGREES OF COMPARISON
comparative
• Comparative is the name for the grammar
used when comparing two things. The two
basic ways to compare are using as .. as or
than.
– He's not as stupid as he looks!
– This book is not as exciting as the last one.
– It's much colder today than it was yesterday.
– Our car is bigger than your car.
comparative
• When comparing with than, some changes on adjectives are
necessary
• 1-syllable adjectives: add -er to the adjective
– My sister is much taller than me.
• 2-syllable adjectives ending in -y: change the -y to -ier
– She's looking happier today.
• Other 2 syllable adjectives and adjectives with 3 or more
syllables use more with the unchanged adjective
– The shops are always more crowded just before Christmas.
– French grammar is more difficult than English grammar.
Superlative
• 1-syllable adjectives: add -est to the adjective (plus the)
– My sister is the tallest in our family.
• 2-syllable adjectives ending in -y: change the -y to -iest (plus
the)
– Which do you think is the easiest language to learn?
• Other 2 syllable adjectives and adjectives with 3 or more
syllables use the most with the unchanged adjective
– The most boring thing about English class is doing
grammar exercises.
– You are the most irritating person I have ever met!
Comparative and superlative
• adverbs:
• 1-syllable adverbs: add -er/-est
–
–
–
–
I can run faster than you.
I can run the fastest in my class.
She works harder than me.
She works the hardest of all students.
• Other adverbs: use more / the most
– She ran more quickly than me.
– Of all the students she ran the most quickly.
• Informal:
– She ran quicker than me.
– She ran the quickest.