Transcript Present System Verb Review

Present System Verb Review
2014
Verbs
• Verbs tell what a subject IS or DOES.
• Verbs also indicate the time, or TENSE, of an
action. For example: past, present, future.
• Verbs have 3 PERSONS in both the singular
and plural:
Reviewing Verb
Conjugations
1st conjugation verbs have –o, -are as their
dictionary endings like amo, amare.
2nd conjugation verbs have –eo, -ere as their
dictionary endings like doceo, docere.
Reviewing Verb
Conjugations
rd
3 conjugation verbs have –o, -ere as their
dictionary endings like pono, ponere.
3rd –io verbs have –io, -ere as their dictionary
endings like capio, capere.
4th conjugation verbs have –io, -ire as their
dictionary endings like audio, audire.
Verbs: “Persons”
1st person
2nd person
3rd person
Singular
Plural
I…
you…
he, she, it…
we…
you (y’all )…
they…
In the active voice,
the subject
PERFORMS THE
ACTION of the verb.
Puellae
aquam
portant.
In the passive
voice, the subject
is ACTED UPON
by the verb.
Aqua a
puellis
portatur.
Finding the Present Stem
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amo, amare
laboro, laborare
paro, parare
porto, portare
specto, spectare
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AMALABORAPARAPORTASPECTA-
Present Active Tense Endings
The present active tense = Present Stem + Present Active Endings
Singular
Plural
First
Person
o
I
Second
Person
s
you
Third
Person
t
he,
she,
it
mus
tis
nt
we
you
they
First
Person
Amo
Second
Person
Third
Person
Amas
Ama t
I love
I am loving
I do love
You love
You are loving
You do love
He loves
He is loving
He does love
Ama mus
We love
We are loving
We do love
Ama tis
You love
You are loving
You do love
Ama nt
They love
They are loving
They do love
Present Active
Present Tense (Review!) 3rd, 3rd –io and 4th:
pono
ponis
ponit
ponimus
ponitis
ponunt
capio
capis
capit
capimus
capitis
capiunt
audio
audis
audit
audimus
auditis
audiunt
Remember
that the “e”
changes to “i”
or “u”
Remember
that this has
“i” in its stem
portare--passive voice
• portor
• portamur
• I am (being) carried…
• portaris
• you are (being)
carried…
• portatur
• portamini
• portantur
Imperfect Tense
• Imperfect tense is a past tense.
• It shows past action uncompleted.
• There are several ways to translate imperfect
tense:
– was verbing
– used to verb
– kept on verbing
– verbed
Imperfect Active Tense Endings
The present active tense = Present Stem + Imperfect Active Endings
Singular
First
Person
Second
Person
Third
Person
BAM
BAS
BAT
Plural
I
you
he,
she,
it
BAMUS we
BATIS
BANT
you
they
First
Person
Ama bam
I was loving
I used to love
I kept on
loving
Ama bamus
(etc.)
I loved
Second
Person
Ama bas
You were loving
You used to love
You kept on
loving
Ama batis
You loved
Third
Person
Ama bat
He was
loving…
We were
loving
Ama bant
(etc.)
Imperfect Tense
You were
loving…
(etc.)
They were
loving
(etc.)
3rd/ 3rd-io/4th Imperfect Tense (“was….”)
ponebam
ponebas
ponebat
ponebamus
ponebatis
ponebant
capiebam
capiebas
capiebat
capiebamus
capiebatis
capiebant
audiebam
audiebas
audiebat
audiebamus
audiebatis
audiebant
Imperfect Tense---passive
voice
• -bar
• -bamur
• I was being verbed
• we were being verbed
• -baris
• -bamini
• you were being verbed • Y’all were being verbed
• -batur
• -bantur
• he/she/it was being verbed • They were being verbed
Imperfect Tense Practice
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Spectabamus
Portabat
Amabas
Parabatis
Navigabam
Monstrabant
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We were watching
He/she/it was carrying
You were loving
Y’all were preparing
I was sailing
They were showing
Future Tense Verbs
• The future tense refers to something that will
or is going to happen at a future time.
• In English, we use the helping verbs “will” or
“shall” to express future tense.
• Latin uses prefixes on the present tense verb
endings to make future tense verb endings,
like this…
Future Tense Endings
Active
Voice
1 and 2 Conjugations ONLY
st
nd
Singular
1st -BO (I will...)
Plural
-BIMUS (we will…)
2nd -BIS (you will...) -BITIS (y’all will…)
3rd -BIT
(he/she/it will…)
-BUNT (they will…)
First
Person
Amabo
Second
Person
Third
Person
Ama bis
Ama bit
I will
love
You will
love
He/she/it
will love
Ama bimus
We will
love
Ama bitis
Ya’ll will
love
Ama bunt
They will
love
Future Tense
---passive voice 1st/2nd conjugation
• -bor
• -bimur
• I will be verbed
• we will be verbed
• -beris
• -bimini
• you will be verbed
• y’all will be verbed
• -bitur
• -buntur
• he/she/it will be verbed
• they will be verbed
Let’s practice translating future tense
verbs!
1. amabo 2. spectabit 3. portabunt
4. parabitis
5. spectabis
6. parabo 7. laborabit 8. laborabimus
Singular
Plural
1st -BO (I will...) -BIMUS (we will…)
2nd -BIS (you will...) -BITIS (y’all will…)
3rd -BIT (he/she/it will…) -BUNT (they will…)
Making FUTURE Tense
FUTURE TENSE for these verbs (3rd, 3rd –io, and 4th)
looks very similar to their PRESENT TENSE.
The only difference is the vowels you use before the
personal endings.
Do NOT use the bo, bis, bit endings like we do for 1st
and 2nd conjugations!
Future Tense (“will….”)
ponam
pones
ponet
ponemus
ponetis
ponent
capiam
capies
capiet
capiemus
capietis
capient
audiam
audies
audiet
audiemus
audietis
audient
3rd –io has an
‘i’ in every
form!
4th already has
‘i’ in its stem!
·Present Tense
·pono
·ponis
·ponit
ponimus
ponitis
ponunt
·Future Tense
·ponam
·pones
·ponet
ponemus
ponetis
ponent
So…what does it mean???
• Cibum in carrum ponimus.
• We place the food into the cart.
• Cibum in carrum ponemus.
• We will place the food into the cart.
• You know ponemus is future because you know
that pono, ponere is 3rd conjugation and 3rd
conjugation verbs use “E” in their future tense
endings.
Every “E” Is Not Future Tense 
• 2nd conjugation verbs have “e” that occurs naturally in
their PRESENT tense.
• 2nd conjugation verbs: -eo, -ere
• doceo, docere: teach
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Present Tense
doceo docemus
doces docetis
docet docent
Future Tense
docebo
docebimus
docebis
docebitis
docebit
docebunt
Things To Take Away With You!
• If a verb ends in bo, bis, bit, bimus, bitis, bunt, it’s
DEFINITELY future tense.
• If a verb ends in –am it’s DEFINITELY future tense (1st
person, “I will…”)
• If a verb ends in –es, -et, -emus, -etis, -ent it’s either
PRESENT or FUTURE. Check its conjugation to see:
• 2nd conjugation: PRESENT
• 3rd/4th conjugation: FUTURE
• If a verb ending has a combination of –ie-, it’s always
future tense (unless it has a –ba- there!)
Future Tense
---passive voice 3rd/4th conjugation
• -ar
• -emur
• I will be verbed
• we will be verbed
• -eris
• -emini
• you will be verbed
• y’all will be verbed
• -etur
• -entur
• he/she/it will be verbed
• they will be verbed
Practice!
You may work with a partner.
Get a “check” for daily credit!
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Puellae equos agunt.
Puellae equos agent.
Caesar oppidum capit.
Caesar oppidum capiet.
Captivi ab oppido in silvam fugiunt.
Litteras ad Marcum, amicum meum, mittam.
Servus ab casa fugiet.
Viri puellas defendent.
I will lead the horses.
We will send a messenger to town.
“SUM”
• “Sum” is the “to be” verb.
• Like other languages, including English, “sum”
is an irregular verb in Latin.
• Let’s look at “be” in English first. See how its
forms are all different in the singular?
Singular
Plural
I am
You are
He/she/it is
We are
Y’all are
They are
Present Tense: SUM
text p. 109
Singular
sum
es
est
Plural
I am
you are
he/she/ it is
sumus we are
estis
y’all are
sunt
they are
These are standalone words, not
endings.
“SUM” in action!
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Nauta sum.
Est regina.
Es agricola bonus.
Sunt mali.
Sumus parvi.
Estis reginae.
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I am a sailor.
She is a queen.
You are a good farmer.
They are bad.
We are small.
Y’all are queens.
Imperfect Tense: ERAM
text p. 181
Singular
eram
eras
erat
Plural
I was
eramus we were
you were
eratis
y’all were
he/she/ it was erant
they were
These are standalone words, not
endings.
“ERAM” in action!
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Nauta eram.
Erat regina.
Eras agricola bonus.
Erant mali.
Eramus parvi.
Eratis reginae.
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I was a sailor.
She was a queen.
You were a good farmer.
They were bad.
We were small.
Y’all were queens.
Future Tense: ERO
text p. 127 (1st chart only)
Singular
ero
eris
erit
Plural
I will be
you will be
he/she/ it will be
erimus we will be
eritis
y’all will be
erunt
they will be
These are standalone words, not
endings.
“ERO” in action!
• Nauta ero.
• Erit servus.
• Eris agricola bonus.
• Erunt laeti (happy).
• Numerus erit parvus.
• Victoria erit grata.
• I will be a sailor.
• He will be a slave.
• You will be a good
farmer.
• They will be happy.
• The number will be
small.
• Victory will be pleasing.
Pop Quiz!
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erat
sum
eris
es
eramus
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portabimus
amo
docent
amatis
docebat
Pop Quiz!
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He/she/it was
I am
You will be
You are
We were
• We will carry
• I love/do love/am
loving
• They teach/do
teach/are
teaching
• Y’all love/do
love/are loving
• He/she/it was
teaching/used to
teach/kept on
teaching/taught