Transcript Grammar #6
You need TWO printouts of your second draft for class today! If you don’t have them, run to YBOR 303b and print! SENTENCE FRAGMENTS A complete sentence contains a subject, a verb, and a complete thought: Dan attended the pep rally before the football game. When a group of words fails to tell • who or what did something (the subject), • what happened (the verb), and/or • a complete thought (has a subject and verb but also a dependent word), it is a sentence fragment. Sat behind me in science class What’s missing? Yes, we need a subject. The new girl sat behind me in science class. The bag of groceries on the kitchen table What’s missing? Yes, we need a verb. The bag of groceries on the kitchen table spilled onto the floor. Screaming at the caterer What’s missing? We need a subject, but even the verb is not complete. It needs a helping verb. We can add a subject and a helping verb… The bride is screaming at the caterer. or we can attach the phrase to a sentence that is already complete: Screaming at the caterer, the bride ruined her wedding. Such as riding a tricycle What’s missing? Yes, we need a subject and a verb. My dog performs many tricks, such as riding a tricycle. This is just an added detail. After the rain stopped What’s missing? We have a subject and a verb but no complete thought because we have a dependent word (subordinating conjunction). We can delete the dependent word... After The the rain stopped. … OR we need to attach this fragment to a complete clause. After the rain stopped, the children ran outside to play. COMMON DEPENDENT WORDS (subordinating conjunctions) after* as if before* if once though what whenever whereas although as though even like* since unless whatever where whether as because even though now that so that until when wherever while MORE DEPENDENT WORDS (RELATIVE PRONOUNS) that which who whom whoever whomever (These create dependent clauses that cannot stand alone, but the comma rules are different.) Remember the Difference Between Clauses and Phrases • A CLAUSE is a group of words that contains a subject and its verb. the boy ran people talk it is if you go • A PHRASE is a group of words that does NOT contain a subject and its verb. the boy next door people with loud voices being hungry for a while Clauses and Phrases The important things to remember: • A clause has a subject and complete verb that go together; a phrase doesn’t. • An “-ing” verb cannot be the only verb in a sentence. With no helping verb, it makes a phrase. • A phrase can never be a sentence by itself. • Clauses must be connected to other clauses in very specific ways (with specific conjunctions and punctuation) whereas phrases can be added more freely. If it’s just a PHRASE, it’s a fragment. If it’s just a DEPENDENT CLAUSE, it’s a fragment. If it has an INDEPENDENT CLAUSE, it’s a sentence. Grammar #6: Sentence Fragments (50 points) Complete and submit the handout by the time class begins on its due date. It is NOT a Canvas exercise, but the handout is available on Canvas if you need it. How to format your essay, including the works-cited page \\Ybfs7\users\jbielecki\~2015-Fall-ENC 1102\09-10-Th-Summarizing, Paraphrasing, Citing, and Avoiding Plagiarism\Sample paper with works-cited page to demonstrate double-spacing - Shortcut.lnk PEER PROOFREADING OF PERSUASIVE ESSAY Your essay must be proofread by at least two students from our class. Staple one form to each printout, and mark it AND THE ESSAY. At the end of class, return the essays to their authors so that they can make changes before submitting the final version of the essay. Submit the marked-up drafts (with forms attached) on the day the final version is due. Mark ALL grammar, spelling, capitalization, punctuation, and formatting errors on the essay and suggest ways to fix them.