Transcript Principal Parts

Principal Parts
Why do we need learn principal
parts? Write down the answer
before you click to the next slide.
Principal parts are needed so that
we can form a verb in all its tenses.
If you didn’t know the principal
parts of the verb ‘grow’, you would
say, “I growed three inches this
year!”
How many principal parts do
regular English verbs have? How
many principal parts do Latin verbs
have? Answer the question before
you click!
English verbs have three principal parts. Here are a few English verbs with irregular principal
parts.
PRESENT
arise
become
begin
bite
bleed
blow
break
bring
build
PAST
arose
became
began
bit
bled
blew
broke
brought
built
PAST PARTICIPLE
arisen
become
begun
bitten
bled
blown
broken
brought
built
Latin verbs have four principal parts.
You must memorize the first three. It is
suggested that you memorize the
fourth. Many derivatives come from
the fourth principal part. Also, if you
plan to go on in Latin, it is easier to
memorize the fourth principal part
along with the other forms.
st
1
If you have a conjugation verb,
you are in luck! These verbs almost
always follow the same pattern:
1st principal part: ō
2nd principal part: āre
3rd principal part: āvī
4th principal part: ātus
Examples:
amō ambulō
amāre ambulāre
amāvī ambulāvī
pulsō cantō
pulsāre cantāre
pulsāvī cantāvī
amātus ambulātus
pulsātus cantātus
Other conjugations are not quite
so nice. But… if you remember an
X-tra long SUV, you will see that
there are some patterns to the 3rd
principal part.
X-tra long SUV – the third
principal part will ALWAYS end in
ī. The letter before the ī is often
an X, S, U, or V OR the vowel in
the previous syllable will
lengthen.
Principal part examples - pay attention to
the third principal part!
habeō scribō veniō
habēre scribere venīre
habuī scripsī vēnī
(u)
(s)
(long vowel)
ducō
ducere
duxī
(x)
rd
3
You must know the
principal part in order
to form the perfect
tense!