Transcript Parts of Speech PPT

Parts of Speech
Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs,
Adjectives, Adverbs, Conjunctions,
Prepositions, Interjections
Nouns
 Person, place, thing, idea
 Concrete nouns – can be perceived with at
least one of the five senses (rock, salt,
scream)
 Abstract nouns – cannot be perceived with
the senses (humor, anger, fear)
 Common nouns – non-specific, just any old
person, place, thing or idea (boy, house,
shoe)
 Proper nouns – names a specific person,
place, thing or idea (Jeff, White House, Nike)
There are 20 nouns in the following paragraph. Then
label each noun as common or proper, concrete or
abstract.
This summer we went on vacation to
the beach. Usually we go to Orange
Beach, but this time we went to Destin.
We had so much fun playing in the
sand and waves. We spent a lot of time
lying in the sun, too. We met some new
friends from Georgia. We all rode jet
skis and kayaks together. The condo
had a huge pool with a waterfall. The
entire week was pure joy.
Nouns in paragraph…
This summer we went on vacation to
the beach. Usually we go to Orange
Beach, but this time we went to Destin.
We had so much fun playing in the
sand and waves. We spent a lot of time
lying in the sun, too. We met some new
friends from Georgia. We all rode jet
skis and kayaks together. The condo
had a huge pool with a waterfall. The
entire week was pure joy.
Types of nouns…
1. summer – common, concrete
2. vacation – common, concrete
3. beach – common, concrete
4. Orange Beach – proper, concrete
5. time – common, concrete
6. Destin – proper, concrete
7. fun – common, abstract
8. sand – common, concrete
9. waves – common, concrete
10. time – common, concrete
11. sun – common, concrete
12. friends – common, concrete
13. Georgia – proper, concrete
14. jet skis – common, concrete
15. kayaks – common, concrete
16. condo – common, concrete
17. pool – common, concrete
18. waterfall – common, concrete
19. week - common, concrete
20. joy – common, abstract
Pronouns
Replaces nouns
Instead of using the word boy or Jim, you
can use he, him, his…
Instead of cat, you can use it
Imagine having to write or speak with no
pronouns…..
A language with no pronouns…
Julie forgot Julie’s homework at Julie’s
house and Julie was late for school. Julie
had to tell Julie’s teacher that Julie forgot
Julie’s homework and Julie’s teacher was
not happy. Julie’s teacher made Julie sit in
silent lunch and do Julie’s homework all
over again.
Can you imagine having to speak like this??? This
is why we have pronouns!!!
The paragraph with pronouns…
Julie forgot her homework at her house
and she was late for school. She had to
tell her teacher that she forgot her
homework and her teacher was not happy.
Julie’s teacher made her sit in silent lunch
and do her homework all over again.
Isn’t that easier???
Antecedents
A pronoun must have an antecedent – that
is the noun to which the pronoun is
referring
Example: Austin lost his wallet and he is
looking for it everywhere.
his & he refer to Austin, it refers to wallet
Identify the pronouns and their
antecedents in the sentences below.
1. The frog ran into the road and a car ran
over it.
2. Mary caught her hair in the hairdryer and
scorched it terribly.
3. Scotty talked himself into going out for
baseball and he is very good at it.
4. Brandon is ready for deer season and he
bought a new gun with his own money.
Antecedents and pronouns
1. The frog ran into the road and a car ran over it.
(it = frog)
2. Mary caught her hair in the hairdryer and
scorched it terribly. (her=Mary; it=hair)
3. Scotty talked himself into going out for
baseball and he is very good at it. (himself,
he=Scotty; it=baseball)
4. Brandon is ready for deer season and he
bought a new gun with his own money. (he,
his=Brandon)
Different kinds of pronouns
Personal pronouns – stand for people;
Bobby = he; Cindy = she; dog = it;
First person – I me my mine we us our
ours
Second person – you your yours
Third person – he him his she her hers it
its; they them their theirs
Identify the personal pronouns and tell
if they are first, second or third person.
1. The dentist asked me questions before looking
at my teeth.
2. You need to find your insurance card before
you go to the doctor.
3. He washed the car quickly and went on to
finish the rest of his chores.
4. Dad told the mechanics to call him about his
bill
5. I really don’t know why we have to go to all this
trouble just to throw a party.
Reflexive pronouns
Refers back to the subject
Always ends in –self or –selves
Myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves,
himself, herself, itself, themselves
Example: Buddy fixed himself a sandwich
and watched t.v. until his mom got home.
Possessive pronouns
Personal pronouns that show ownership
Do not confuse the possessive its with it’s;
it’s is the contraction for “it is” or “it has”
Example: The cat chased its tail around in
circles until it fell over into its bowl of
water.
Demonstrative pronouns…
Points out a particular or specific person,
place, thing or idea
this, that, these, those
Example:
This is what I want. Or…
These are the right shoes. Or…
I always like to do that. Or…
Gabby likes those, too!
Demonstrative pronouns, cont’d…
Do not confuse a demonstrative pronoun
with an adjective; this, that, these, and
those can be an adjective if they have
something to describe…
Such as this car, that road, these flowers,
those trees
It’s only a demonstrative pronoun if it is
taking the place of a noun and works on its
own
Demonstrative pronoun or adjective?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
You can have one of those if you want.
These papers are not graded yet.
I need this done right now.
Do you have one of these?
You could do that if you wanted to.
That cow looks sick.
This is the longest day of my life!
This book is one of the best I’ve ever read.
Answers for Demonstrative or
Adjective?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
You can have one of those if you want. (dem)
These papers are not graded yet. (adj)
I need this done right now. (dem)
Do you have one of these? (dem)
You could do that if you wanted to. (dem)
That cow looks sick. (adj)
This is the longest day of my life! (dem)
This book is one of the best I’ve ever read.
(adj)
Indefinite pronoun…
Refers to a non-specific person, place,
thing, or idea
Examples: everyone (who exactly is
everyone?) many (just how many is
many?) some (how many?) something
(can you be more specific?) each (each
what?)
Identify the pronouns in the sentences
below…
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Is your puppy losing its baby teeth?
This jacket is mine; that one must be his.
Something is different about your hair.
Your locker is next to hers.
Everyone knows the answer to that.
Shelia reminded herself of her test.
They treated themselves to a movie.
This is good, but her project is better.
Pronouns identified…
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Is your puppy losing its baby teeth?
This jacket is mine; that one must be his.
Something is different about your hair.
Your locker is next to hers.
Everyone knows the answer to that.
Shelia reminded herself of her test.
They treated themselves to a movie.
This is good, but her project is better.
Now tell me what kind they are…
1. Is your puppy losing its baby teeth?
2. This jacket is mine; that one must be his.
3. Something is different about your hair.
4. Your locker is next to hers.
5. Everyone knows the answer to that.
6. Shelia reminded herself of her test.
7. They treated themselves to a movie.
8. This is good, but her project is better.
Your choices are: personal, possessive, demonstrative,
interrogative, indefinite or reflexive
Identifying pronouns…
1.
2.
Is your (pers) puppy losing its (poss) baby teeth?
This jacket is mine (poss); that one (indef) must be his
(poss).
3. Something (indef) is different about your (poss) hair.
4. Your (poss) locker is next to hers (poss).
5. Everyone (indef) knows the answer to that (demon).
6. Shelia reminded herself (reflex) of her (poss) test.
7. They (person) treated themselves (reflex) to a movie.
8. This (demon) is good, but her (poss) project is better.
Your choices are: personal, possessive, demonstrative,
indefinite or reflexive
Verbs – action and linking
Shows action or a state of being
Action verbs – expresses physical or
mental action
Linking – connects the subject of a
sentence with a word in the predicate that
explains or describes the subject
Action verb
Find the action verbs in each of these
sentences:
1. I like it when we use computers in math
class.
2. Please clear the table, Jesse, and wash
the dishes.
3. I understand science much better than I
comprehend math.
Linking verbs
Linking verbs list: forms of the verb “be”
am is are was were has been
have been had been will be
shall be
may be
might be can be
should be
would have been
Other linking verbs:
appear
grow
seem
stay
become
look
smell
taste
feel
remain
sound
turn
Linking or Action???
Some verbs can be action or linking…
Mark suddenly appeared from behind the
bush.
Mark appeared lonely at the dance.
Lora smelled the flowers.
The flowers smelled sweet.
Action or Linking???
 Here’s a trick:
If you aren’t sure if the verb is linking or not, try
substituting a linking “be” verb in its place
Lora smelled the flowers.
Lora is the flowers. (doesn’t work, so it must be an
action verb)
The flowers smelled sweet.
The flowers are sweet. (it works! So this is a
linking verb)
Linking or action? Use the trick and
identify each verb as action or linking?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
The pie tasted so good after dinner.
The flowers grow well in my yard.
He grew tired as the speech went on.
Kiah looked everywhere for her jacket.
Tony sounded the alarm as the fire spread.
Shirah looked surprised at the party.
The speakers sounded broken.
She seemed worried all afternoon.
The weather turned nasty at dark.
He turned the light off.
Helping verbs
Some verbs that look like linking verbs, are
actually helping verbs. They “help” the
main action verb.
The flowers have attracted many butterflies.
You may find the answers in this book.
It could have been broken before now.
I do not like that flavor ice cream.
***The helping verb and main verb = verb
phrase.
Verbs practice: identify the verbs in the
following sentences. Don’t forget the helping
verbs.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
This packet of information will help you.
Perhaps you and a friend can practice together.
At first, it may be a challenge.
You run fast and jump really high.
He looked very angry last night.
A cloud appeared out of the sky.
He grew three inches over the summer.
Josy learned how to dance the new salsa dance.
Those berries are called blueberries.
You can make the world a better place.
Verbs: Now, identify the verbs as linking
or action.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
This packet of information will help you.
Perhaps you and a friend can practice together.
At first, it may be a challenge.
You run fast and jump really high.
He looked very angry last night.
A cloud appeared out of the sky.
He grew three inches over the summer.
Josy learned the new salsa dance.
Those berries are called blueberries.
You can make the world a better place.
Adjectives
Modify (describe) nouns & pronouns
Answer these four questions:
Which one?
What kind?
How many?
How much?
Memorize these questions!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Adjectives
Which one? The blue coat, sixth grade
What kind? Nike shoes, the gentle dog
How many? Two tickets, most players
How much? A full glass, no work
Articles are the adjectives a, an & the
Adjectives: identify the adjectives in the
sentences. Do not include a, an & the
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A silvery moon rode down the western sky.
It shed a pale light on the countryside.
Long meadows spread out between two hills.
The smell of wild grass was strong.
The only sound we heard was the sharp
crackle of the fire.
6. Suddenly, several stars came out.
7. I watched until the entire sky was glowing with
bright stars.
8. I was lonely and happy at the same time.
Proper adjectives
Formed from proper nouns
Begin with capital letter
Examples: Japanese islands, Mexican
food, Chinese alphabet, Mayan art,
Christian beliefs
Adverbs
 Modify (describe) verbs, adjectives, and other
adverbs
 Many times end in –ly
 Can be in almost any position in the sentence
 Answer these four questions:
When?
Where?
How?
To what extent?
Memorize these four questions for adverbs!!!
Adverbs
Examples:
When? Now, then, yesterday, soon
Where? Here, away, down, outside
How? Slowly, easily, quietly, clearly
To what extent? Very, really, too, almost
***Note: NOT is always an adverb! Even in a
contraction, such as can’t
(n’t is the adverb not)
Adverb practice: identify the adverbs in the
sentences. Remember: When? Where? How?
To what extent?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Please carefully put the package there.
She always makes me so mad!
Would you briefly explain the plan?
Very early in her career, she made millions.
You will not find any answers here.
Soon we will hear the results of the eagerly
awaited race.
7. I shut my door softly and tiptoed quietly away.
8. We seldom see this almost ridiculous behavior.
Adverbs
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Please, carefully put the package there.
She always makes me so mad!
Now, would you briefly explain the plan?
Very early in her career, she made millions.
You will not find any answers here.
Soon we will hear the results of the eagerly
awaited race.
7. I shut my door softly and tiptoed quietly away.
8. We seldom see this almost ridiculous behavior.
Prepositions
Shows the relationship between a noun or
pronoun and some other word in the
sentence
Always used in a prepositional phrase
Prepositional phrase consists of a
preposition and the object of the
preposition
Example: under the table, behind the car
Prepositions: Commonly used list
aboard
above
after
along
around
before
below
beside
beyond
down
except
about
across
against
among
at
behind
beneath
between
by
during
for
from
like
on
since
throughout
under
until
with
without
in
into
of
off
over past
through
to
toward
underneath
up
upon
within
Prepositions: compound prepositions
According to
Aside from
Because of
In addition to
In place of
In spite of
Next to
On account of
Out of
Prepositions: identify the prepositional
phrases in these sentences
1. During the summer I spend a lot of time in the
pool.
2. I bought a new outfit for the party at the mall.
3. Before you start, I think you might need some
help with that project.
4. You won’t have any tests in this class until next
week.
5. They live near the airport and behind the
stadium.
Prepositions
1. During the summer I spend a lot of time in the
pool.
2. I bought a new outfit for the party at the mall.
3. Before you start, I think you might need some
help with that project.
4. You won’t have any tests in this class until next
week.
5. They live near the airport and behind the
stadium.
Conjunctions
Joins words or groups of words
Two kinds of conjunctions:
Coordinating – and, or, for, nor, but, so,
yet
Correlative – works in pairs;
neither…nor, either…or, and so…but yet,
both…and, not only…but also
Conjunctions- find the conjunctions in
the sentences below
1. Both Andrew and Brett like to turkey hunt.
2. You love music, yet you don’t play any
instrument.
3. Neither Shelia nor Kerri have their homework,
and I can’t find mine.
4. Bugs Bunny is funny, but Elmer Fudd is
funnier!
5. You must come with us or go with Mom.
6. Lee not only excels at football, but he also
plays baseball well.
7. Mitch can either go to the beach or play allstars.
8. Jen likes to dance, so she is taking lessons.
Interjections
Only shows emotion or adds emphasis
Does not change the meaning of the
sentence
Usually set off with commas
Examples:
Wow! You really did get a haircut!
Well, maybe Mom will let me go.
I kind of like, you know, that new guy.
Hallelujah!!! You are through with the
Parts of Speech!!!
 You have now covered all eight of them:
Nouns
Pronouns
Verbs
Adjectives
Adverbs
Prepositions
Conjunctions
Interjections
Label every word in each sentence:
1. The little blue dog jumped very high in the air
for the frisbee.
2. Butterflies fluttered gracefully among the pink
and purple blooms.
3. Goldfish are good pets for people who don’t
have much time.
4. The big, brown truck backed slowly down the
long, concrete driveway.
5. Yeah, I really want pizza, but I don’t feel like
going to get one, so you can go for it.