Transcript The Present Progressive

The Present Progressive:
In Spanish we use the Present Progressive tense to talk about "what is happening at that
moment"
In English we use gerunds, or words that end in "-ing"
I am playing basketball. I am eating tacos. She is sleeping.
However, unlike in English, if the action is ongoing, you would not use the present progressive
in Spanish. You would simply use the regular present tense.
Example: María is studying medicine at UNC ->> María estudia la medicina a UNC.
**The present progressive is used for things happening at that moment, and although she
studies medicine, she may not be studying at that moment...**
So how do we form the present progressive, Srta. Dixon?
Good question... Let's look at a phrase in English, and translate it into the present
progressive...
I - SUBJECT
AM- VERB
PLAYING- PRESENT PARTICIPLE
BASKETBALL- NOUN
I am playing basketball.
Yo estoy jugando
ESTAR + GERUNDIO
el baloncesto.
YO - SUJETO
ESTOY- VERBO
JUGANDO- GERUNDIO
EL BALONCESTO- SUBSTANTIVO
Present Participle:
You form the present participle by taking the AR/ER/IR endings off the verb and adding ANDO/-IENDO
-ar --> -ando
-er --> -iendo
-ir --> -iendo
Examples
estudiar --> estudiando
comer --> comiendo
escribir --> escribiendo
Of course there are some verbs that do not follow the regular pattern:
-ir stem-changing verbs that stem-change e-ie or e-i in the present also stem-change in the present participle but only make
an e-i change.
sentir --> sintiendo (to feel)
pedir --> pidiendo
venir --> viniendo
decir --> diciendo
-ir stem-changing verbs that stem-change o-ue in the present also stem-change in the present participle but only make an
o-u change.
dormir --> durmiendo
morir --> muriendo
*poder --> pudiendo (*poder is the only -er verb to make such a change.)
-ar and all other -er verbs DO NOT stem-change in the present participle
pensar --> pensando
jugar --> jugando
volver --> volviendo
devolver --> devolviendo
The verbs ir and oír and also verbs that end with -aer, -eer and -uir (but NOT -guir) have present participles that end with yendo.(The i changes to y.)
ir (to go) --> yendo
oír (to hear) --> oyendo
traer (to bring) --> trayendo
leer (to read) --> leyendo
huir (to flee/run away) --> huyendo
seguir (to follow/continue) --> siguiendo <---stays the same
Práctica con el presente progresivo:
Use a dictionary to look up words
Translate:
John is writing a letter.
Edwin is eating a salad.
Stephanie and Kathryn are reading some books.
They are not listening to the teacher.
She is going to the movies.
The soccer players are playing soccer.
He is sleeping in the class.
I am washing the dog.
Jim is making the bed.
We are learning the present progressive.
Más
práctica.....
Ella ____________ (leer) la Biblia.
Yo ________ (escribir) una carta para mi papá.
Tú __________ (leer) un libro.
Nosotros ____________ (oír) la radio.
Papá _________ (traer) el gato al veterinario.
Los perros ___________ (comer) el carne.
Mamá ___________ (correr) en el parque.
John ____________ (hacer) la tarea.
Edwin y Juan _________ (ir) al zoológico.
Luis y Roberto _____________ (lavar) los platos.
Yo ____________ (cerrar) la puerta.
Ella ______________ (bailar) con Paco.
Possession in Spanish...
In Spanish there are NO apostrophes.
You cannot say:
Jorge’s perro (George's dog)
You must say:
El perro de Jorge (The dog of George)
de + Noun
Tengo el cuaderno de Felipe.
I have the notebook of Felipe.
I have Felipe's notebook.
La hermana de Maria es bonita.
The sister of Maria is pretty.
Maria's sister is pretty.
Translate the following:
1. Mark's birthday is in June.
2. Ms. Dixon's dog is white.
Possessive Adjectives:
(My)
(Your)
mi / mis
(Our)
nuestro a, os, as
tu / tus
-----------------------------------(Their/ Your (formal)
(His/
Her/
Your formal)
su / sus
su / sus
(My)
Singular- Mi
Plural- Mis
Mi libro My Book
Mis libros My Books
My sister: ____ hermana
My brothers: ____ hermanos
(Your)
Singular- Tu
Plural- Tus
Your sister: ____ hermana
Tu libro
Your Book
Tus libros Your Books
Your brothers: ____ hermanos
His/Her/Your(formal)
Singular- Su
Plural- Sus
His sister: ____ hermana
Su libro His/Her/Your Book
Sus libros His/Her/Your Books
His brothers: ____ hermanos
**Noun + Possessive Adjective Agreement!**
Our
Masculine
Singular- Nuestro
Plural- Nuestros
Nuestro libro Our Book
Nuestros libros Our Books
Feminine
Singular- Nuestra
Plural- Nuestras
Nuestra mochila Our Backpack
Nuestras mochilas Our Backpacks
Their
Singular- Su
Plural- Sus
Su libro Their Book
Sus libros Their Books
Some examples:
mi perro
tu libro
su amigo
nuestro gato
nuestra blusa
mis perros
tus libros
sus amigos
nuestros gatos
nuestras blusas
Translate:
1. My backpack is blue and green.
2. Our clothing is new (nuevo).
3. Your cat is orange.
4. Your dogs are white.
5. Our homework is hard (difícil).
Possessive pronouns
Pronouns take the place of nouns.
Possessive pronouns are pronouns that show ownership and take the place of the noun.
For instance, the possessive pronoun “mine” can take the place of “my book”.
Remember Possesive Adjectives
from Spanish 1:
My – mi(s)
Your – tu(s)
His, Her, Your (formal) – su(s)
Our – nuestro(a)(s)
Their, Your (formal) – su(s)
Possessive Adjective v. Pronouns
Adjective: My book is on the table
Pronoun: Mine is on the table.
Adjective: Your car is green.
Pronoun: Yours is green.
Adjective: Their house is the third house.
Pronoun: Theirs is the third house.
Possessive pronouns
Pronouns take the place of nouns.
For instance, the possessive pronoun “mine” can take the place of “my book”.
el mío (mine)
el nuestro (ours)
el tuyo (yours)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
el suyo (yours, his, hers, its)
el suyo (theirs, yours)
Each pronoun has four forms.
Singular
Plural
masculine:
el mío
los míos
feminine:
la mía
las mías
The form of the pronoun agrees with the thing possessed, not with the possessor.
Possessive pronouns must agree in
1. number (SINGULAR OR PLURAL)
2. gender (FEMININE OR MASCULINE) with the noun they are replacing.
Su chaqueta es roja, pero la mía es azul
His jacket is red, but mine is blue.
Since el suyo has many meanings, you can avoid confusion by subsitituting el de, la de,
los de, las de plus the appropriate pronoun.
For example:
·
mi pluma y la de ella (la suya) (My pen and hers)
·
mis libros y los de usted (los suyos) (My books and yours)
After any form of the verb ser, the article (el, la, los, las) is generally omitted if you are
just showing possession.
Por ejemplo:
·
El libro es mío (not "...el mío").
·
Las revistas son tuyas.
·
El perro es nuestro
Son mías=They are mine.
(shirts-las camisas)
El carro es tuyo=The car is yours.
Es suyo= It’s his/hers/yours.
Also, the article (el, los, la, las) is used after ser to express the one that belongs to (me, you,
him, etc.)
Por ejemplo:
·
·
Estos libros son los míos. (These books are the ones that belong to me.)
¿Cuáles son los tuyos? (Which are the ones that belong to you?)
Instructions: On a separate piece of paper write out the complete sentence in Spanish substituting the English
words for the correct Spanish adjectives and pronouns.
My hermana es más fea que yours.
Their casa es blanca; ours es roja.
My madre es mexicana; and yours?
My clases son fáciles; ¿cómo son yours?
Esta clase es más fácil que theirs.
Our clases no son tan difíciles como hers.
My diccionario es rojo; hers es azul.
Your familia y mine son grandes.
Estos libros son mine.
Este cuaderno es his.
Their ciudad es famosa, y ours también. (la ciudad = city)
Demonstrative Adjectives
Adjectives describe people and things.
Demonstrative adjectives in English are:
There are only four in English
this, that, these, and those
ere are 8 in Spanish, because of gender.
They come before the noun and they have
the same gender and number as the noun
they describe.
Th
Adjectivos Demostrativos
Demonstrative adjectives (use before a noun) must agree in both gender and number with the noun that they modify.
Ese refers to something near the person addressed.
Aquel refers to something far from both the speaker and the listener.
Location is key to knowing what demonstrative adjective to use.
If the speaker has an item, or it is close to the speaker, he will use the demonstrative “this” or “these”.
If the speaker doesn’t have the item, but it isn’t very far away, he will use “that” or “those”.
To refer to something far away, we use “that over there” or “those over there” (there is no equivalent to this
one in English).
Example sentences:
Este libro es bueno.
Estos platos son grandes.
Quiero enviar esta carta.
Quiero estas revistas.
Quiero aquel coche.
Quiero aquellos periódicos.
Quiero aquella silla.
Quiero aquellas faldas.
This book is good.
These plates are book.
I want to send this letter.
I want these magazines.
I want that car. (over there)
I want those newspapers (over there)
I want that chair (over there)
I want those skirts (over there).
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=tbX_zy754o0
Demonstrative Pronouns
Juan reads this book. (adjective)
Juan lee este libro.
Juan reads this. (pronoun)
Juan lee este.
That statue is Greek. (adjective)
Esa estatua es griega.
That (one) is American. (pronoun)
Esa es americana.
Práctica:
Translate the following sentences into Spanish. Remember that the demonstrative pronouns carry an accent, whereas the adjectives don't.
That girl is prettier than this one. (más bonita que)
This class is easier than that one. (más fácil que)
This isn't my pencil; that is.
Is this your girlfriend?
This is my favorite class.
This guy is smart; that one isn't.
That's my notebook; this one's yours.
What is this?
Whose book is this?
Whose magazines are these?
Whose dog is that over there?
Whose books are those over there?
Demonstrative Pronouns
Juan reads this book. (adjective)
Juan lee este libro.
<--this modifies the noun
Juan reads this. (pronoun)
Juan lee éste.
That statue is Greek. (adjective)
<--- this replaces the noun
Esa estatua es griega.
That (one) is American. (pronoun)
Ésa es americana.
<--this modifies the noun
<--- this replaces the noun
Practice:
^She bought ese bag when she went to Paris.
Demonstrative Pronouns are used in place of the noun.
They must agree in number and gender with the noun they modify.
Demonstrative Pronouns show where someone or something is located in relation to the speaker.
Examples:
This car is new. Este carro es nuevo
This is new. Éste es nuevo.
These shoes are old. Estos zapatos son viejos.
These are old.
Éstos son viejos.
Those classes are fun. Esas clases son divertidas. Those are fun. Ésas son divertidas.
New vocabulary
day == día
hour == hora
today == hoy
month == mes
yesterday == ayer
tomorrow == mañana
last week == la semana pasada
last year == año pasado
the day before yesterday =
Preterite Verbs: El Pretérito
Preterite means “past tense”
Preterite verbs deal with “completed past action”
The ending tells who did the action.
-AR endings
-é
-amos
-aste
-ó
-ER/-IR endings
-í
-imos
-iste
-aron
-ió
-ieron
más con el pretérito...
Note:
Verbs that stem-change in the present tense do no have a stem change in the preterite.
Example: cerrar-to close
I close the windows every day.
Yo cierro las ventanas todos los días.
But yesterday I didn't close the windows.
Pero ayer no cerré las ventanas.
There is a spelling change in the yo form for verbs whose infinitive ends in:
-car
c -> qué
-gar
g -> gué
-zar
z -> cé
All of their other preterite forms are regular.
Examples: Buscar - yo bus
tú busc
Pagar
- yo pag
Almorzar -yo almor
él pag
ellos almorz
quick check:
1. I played soccer.
2. You bought a red hat yesterday.
3. Felipe looked for blue shoes.
4. Martha used a credit card to buy the cotton dress.
5. We practiced the preterite.
ir – fui fuiste fue fuimos fueron
dar – di diste dio dimos dieron
ver – vi viste vio vimos vieron
querer – quise quisiste quiso quisimos quisieron
hacer – hice hiciste hizo hicimos hicieron
venir – vine viniste vino vinimos vinieron
poder – pude pudiste pudo pudimos pudieron
poner – puse pusiste puso pusimos pusieron
saber – supe supiste supo supimos supieron
decir – dije dijiste dijo dijimos dijeron
traer – traje trajiste trajo trajimos trajeron
conducir – conduje condujiste condujo condujimos condujeron (to drive)
tener – tuve tuviste tuvo tuvimos tuvieron
estar – estuve estuviste estuvo estuvimos estuvieron
andar – anduve anduviste anduvo anduvimos anduvieron (to walk)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iFUAWMMdE7c
Writing assignment:
Individually, you are to write a paragraph about the last time you went shopping (real or
imaginary). Must include vocabulary from your list. Must be in the PAST TENSE.
Who did you go with?
What did you buy? What is cheap? expensive?
Where did you go to buy it?
When was it?
* hace + tiempo = how long ago... Hace dos días.. 2 days ago..
If you bought clothing, describe it..
Must be 5-7 complete well written sentences.
So.. remember when I said that there were no irregular stem changes in the preterite
tense..... well... I lied...
-ER/-IR verbs with spelling changes are those that have double vowels in their endings
like: Leer, Oír, Caer:
í
ímos
íste
--yó
-
yeron
leer- to read
leí
leímos
leíste
----leyó
leyeron
accents in the yo through the
nosotros form
3rd person singular and pluarl
change from i -> y
Let's practice!!
creerdestruir-
caer(se)construir-
oírexcluir-
Translate the following sentences:
1. They read a book to the children. (leer)
2. He didn't believe the news. (creer)
3. Susana an Isabela heard the song. (oír)
4. The children fell off the bus. (caerse)
Also..... I lied about -IR verbs in the preterite tense...
They DO stem-change!...sometimes...
For the 3rd person singular and plural (él/ella/Ud/ellos/ellas/Uds)
they change from E -> I and O -> U
Servir- to serve
serví
serviste
sirvió
servimos
------sirvieron
Dormir- to sleep
Fill in the following blanks with the correct conjugation.
1. Celia ______________ (sentirse) muy mal ayer.
2. Yo _____________ (mentir) anoche.
3. ¿___________ (dormir) usted bien anoche?
4. ¿___________ (preferir) ellos la falda roja o la falda morada?
5. Los gatitos no ____________ (morir).
6. Tanner ____________ (competir) en el partido del fútbol.