Transcript MIDTERM REVIEW - Ms. Brown Los Angeles Harbor College

MIDTERM REVIEW
English 73
Ms. Brown
Topics for Review
• Semicolons
– Are semicolons necessary in a short paragraph?
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Fragments and Run-ons
Comma Splices
Action Verbs
Helping Verbs
Linking Verbs
Adjectives and Adverbs
Prepositions and prepositional phrases
Simple Sentences and Compound Sentences with punctuation
Transitional expressions
Conjunctions
Semicolons Video
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=EZA8Z9Ur0NQ
Semicolons
• A semicolon (;) is a punctuation mark useful
for connecting simple sentences. I suggest
writing this definition on a notecard.
– Amy studied for the exam; she passed the
midterm.
• It may also appear between items in a long
list.
– I have lived in Los Angeles, California; Bronx, New
York; Houston, Texas; and Seattle, Washington.
Semicolons
• For the purpose of English 21, you should
focus on using semicolons to connect two
simple sentences that are closely related to
each other!
– Amy studied; she passed the midterm.
– I made a homerun; the crowd cheered and
celebrated for our team!
– Mike and Mira are engaged; their wedding will be
next summer.
Semicolons
• Are semicolons always necessary?
– The short answer is no. Semicolons provide
variety and sophistication to your compositions.
– It is important not to overuse this punctuation.
Fragments and Run-ons
• A fragment is a sentence error that
stopped too soon.
– Since my test is next week.
• A run-on is a sentence error that
didn’t stop soon enough.
– Since my test is next week I have a lot
of studying to do hopefully I will pass
all my classes this semester so I can
keep my scholarship I’m very
nervous.
Fragment Activity
Fragments
• Fragments are pieces of a whole.
You can correct the fragment by:
– Adding a subject
– Adding a verb
– Connecting the dependent clause to
the independent clause.
Run-on Activity
• Let’s correct the previous run-on
sentence error.
• I will need volunteers. Let’s get
moving!
Run-on Activity
• Since my test is next week, I have a lot
of studying to do. Hopefully, I will pass
all my classes this semester, so I can
keep my scholarship: I’m very nervous!
• Methods of correcting a run-on
sentence error include:
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Semicolons
Comma + Coordinating conjunction
Period + Capital Letter
Semicolon + Adverbial conjunction +
Comma
Comma Splices
• A comma splice is a sentence error, a type of
run-on, that attempts to connect two
complete sentences together with improper
punctuation.
– Amy studied for the exam, she passed the
midterm.
– Let’s go to the mall, I hear there’s a sale at Macy’s!
– Sara, Sam, and Silas attend LA Harbor College,
they carpool when they can.
Comma Splices
• Let’s watch this video for a visual of this
grammatical problem!
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9rNYZVvyGS4
Comma Splices
• So how can we correct these comma splices
now that we’ve reviewed a few methods?
– Amy studied for the exam, she passed the
midterm.
– Let’s go to the mall, I hear there’s a sale at Macy’s!
– Sara, Sam, and Silas attend LA Harbor College,
they carpool when they can.
Comma Splices
• Now would be a good time to create a
notecard for studying purposes! There are
several ways to correct a comma splice:
– Comma + coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS)
• Amy studied for the exam, so she passed the midterm.
– Semicolon
• Let’s go to the mall; I hear there’s a sale at Macy’s!
– Period + capital letter
• Sara, Sam, and Silas attend LA Harbor College. They
carpool when they can.
Action Verbs
• An action verb implies that the subject has
completed an action.
– Amy studied for the exam. (Studied is an action
because it implies that she read or reviewed her
notes, her book, etc.)
– I helped Mrs. Collin’s cross the street. (Help is an
action verb because it implies that the body was
moved in a physical way.)
– They talked and kissed all night. (Can you visualize
the movement/action?)
Linking Verbs
• A linking verb links a subject to a description.
– Amy has red hair and a brown birthmark on her cheek.
– She is very tall.
– My car was old, so I sold it.
– The house next door is dirty.
– I am sad; my favorite athlete retired.
– Flowers are beautiful in springtime.
– We were exhausted after our plane ride.
– Concerts are loud.
Linking Verbs, Part 2
• A sensory linking verb links a subject to a
description.
– You look happy today.
– Freshly baked donuts smell divine.
– Your guitar sounds broken and out of tune.
– My french fries taste salty.
– These socks feel warm on my cold feet.
Helping Verbs
• A helping verb appears with a main verb (an
action verb or linking verb). For example:
– Amy was studying before her brother interrupted
by knocking on the door.
– I can help Mrs. Collin’s cross the street.
– The bride is looking beautiful in her white dress.
– He was feeling sick and decided to stay home.
Helping Verbs Song
• Sometimes, it’s best to memorize the
helping verbs.
• Check out this song! The helping verbs
can be remembered by singing along to
Jingle Bells:
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F2JWKY63K0&NR=1&feature=fvwp
Lyrics to the Helping Verb
Song
• Helping verbs, helping verbs, there are
twenty-three:
• am, is, are, was and were
• being, been, and be
• have, has, had
• do, does, did
• shall, should, will, and would
• There are five more helping verbs: may,
might, must, can, could.
Adjectives
• An adjective is a descriptive word that modifies a
noun.
– His hazel eyes look like topaz jewels.
– The blue and white Staples Center is wide.
– The tall buildings block the hot sun.
Adverbs
• An adverb is a descriptive word that modifies a verb
or another adjective. In short, the adverb will tell
you how something is done or the degree of how
something is described.
– I slept late; therefore, I rushed quickly to class.
• How did you sleep?
• How did you rush to class?
– You are so beautiful. He is very nice.
• How beautiful are you?
• How nice is he?
Adverbs
• An adverb is a descriptive word that modifies a verb or another
adjective. In short, the adverb will tell you how something is
done (time, manner, or frequency) or the degree of how
something is described.
– I slept late; therefore, I rushed quickly to class.
• How did you sleep? Late (time)
• How did you rush to class? Quickly (manner)
– He often gives compliments to women. He is very nice.
• How does he give compliments? Often (frequency)
• How nice is he? Very (degree)
Adjectives and Adverbs
• It is important to recognize the difference between
an adjective and an adverb. You must learn to
examine the parts in the sentence.
A.
B.
C.
D.
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My car’s engine is slow.
He drives slowly on busy streets.
I sleep late and peacefully on weekends.
I was very late to class.
Can you identify the adjective or adverbs in each
sentence?
Adjectives and Adverbs
• It is important to recognize the difference between
an adjective and an adverb. You must learn to
examine the parts in the sentence.
– My car’s engine is slow.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
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My = Possessive Pronoun
car’s = concrete noun with a possessive apostrohpe
engine = concrete noun as the SUBJECT
is = LINKING VERB
slow = adjective
Note: Possessives are NEVER the subject in a sentence.
Adjectives and Adverbs
• It is important to recognize the difference between
an adjective and an adverb. You must learn to
examine the parts in the sentence.
–
A.
B.
C.
D.
He drives slowly on busy streets.
He = SUBJECT pronoun
drives = ACTION VERB
slowly = adverb
on busy streets = prepositional phrase
-- Note: Subjects are NEVER in the prepositional phrase of a sentence.
Adjectives and Adverbs
• It is important to recognize the difference between an adjective
and an adverb. You must learn to examine the parts in the
sentence.
– I sleep late and peacefully on weekends.
A. I = SUBJECT pronoun
B. sleep = ACTION VERB
C. late = adverb
D. and = conjunction
E. peacefully = adverb
F. on weekends = prepositional phrase
Prepositions and Prepositional
Phrases
• A preposition is a word that tells you the position, spatial or
temporal, of nouns and other parts of speech. The
prepositional phrase includes the preposition and a noun or
object following.
– I studied in the library.
• The preposition is in
• The prepositional phrase is in the library
Let’s check out this following video for a visual!
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L4jIC5HLBdM&feature=related
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_F6hk6rS_xg
Compound Sentences with
Punctuation
• A compound sentence is a sentence that joins two or three
simple sentences together with proper punctuation:
– Comma + Coordinating Conjunction
• Sara and Sam are best friends, and they never fight.
– Semicolon
• I ate too much pizza; my stomach hurts.
– Semicolon + transitional expression + comma
• We are reviewing for the midterm exam; therefore, Ms.
Brown hopes everyone studies and earns an A on Thursday.
Compound Sentences with
Punctuation
– Semicolon + transitional expression + comma
• We are reviewing for the midterm exam; therefore, Ms.
Brown hopes everyone studies and earns an A next week.
– Don’t forget HOTSHOTCAT for additional expressions.
Compound Sentences with
Punctuation
• Let’s examine your quiz scores!
– Where did you go wrong?
– Try correcting your mistakes now and share your results
with a peer sitting next to you.
• Does every sentence in a paragraph need a S+V
– Yes, every sentence needs at least one subject and one
verb to be a complete thought.
Transitional Expressions
• There’s a difference between a transition and a
transitional expression:
– Transitions such as: for example, secondly, lastly, etc.
are necessary from one support point to another.
– Transitional expressions can help connect two simple
sentences together.
• Take a look!
– He studied for the exam; however, he forgot to bring a
pen to class.
Transitional Expressions
• The easiest way to remember transitional
expressions is to remember HOT SHOT CAT!
– See handout provided by Ms. Brown
– Note transitional expressions are formally called
“Adverbial conjunctions”
Conjunctions
• Besides adverbial conjunctions (HOTSHOTCAT), we
mostly use the coordinating conjunctions. These
can be remembered by the acronym FANBOYS!
– See your textbook for further explanation.
GOOD LUCK!
• Your midterm will cover material from
chapters 1-7, 9-11, Appendix A, short story
readings and their vocabulary, punctuation,
handouts, and presentations provided.
• Study and come prepared!