Transcript Parts of Speech

Parts of Speech
English 9
Grammar Review
Nouns
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A noun is a word that names a person,
place, thing, or idea. Ex: brother, porch,
television, truth
Nouns
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A collective noun names a group – people or
things that are regarded as one unit. Ex: tribe,
litter, flock, committee, batch
A common noun is a general name for a person,
place, thing, or idea. Ex: man, holiday, language,
city
A proper noun is the name of a particular
person, place, thing, or idea. Capitalize proper
nouns. Ex: Einstein, Labor Day, Spanish, Miami
Nouns
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A concrete noun names something perceptible to
the senses – something that can be seen, heard,
smelled, touched, or tasted. Ex: coin, hand, fire,
computer
An abstract noun names something that cannot be
perceived through the senses, such as an idea,
quality, emotion, or state. An abstract noun names
something you can think about but cannot see or
touch. Ex: jealousy, freedom, laziness
Now Some Practice
underline the NOUNS in the following
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4.
Of all the world’s monsters, the dragon is best
known.
Ancient cultures imagined the dragon as a giant
snake.
During the Middle Ages, dragons were
depicted with wings and legs, breathing fire.
Dragons resemble lizards in the artwork of
earlier cultures.
Common, Proper, Concrete & Abstract Nouns
What is it?
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4.
The very idea of monsters can inspire fear in
children. (concrete, abstract)
A werewolf is a human who can turn into a wolf.
(common, proper)
Werewolves have been part of mythology since the
ancient Sumerians and Romans. (common,
proper)
According to some tales, humans change
themselves into werewolves by drinking water
from a werewolf’s footprint. (concrete, abstract)
Pronouns
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A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun or
another pronoun. The word that a pronoun
stands for is called its antecedent. Ex: Jasmine is
celebrating her birthday.
Personal pronouns refer to the first person (I),
second person (you), and third person (he, she,
it). Ex: I think you should be nice to him.
Now Some Practice
find the pronoun
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Sometimes I think about my childhood.
In Hide-and Seek, one player should cover her
eyes.
Players may race back to touch their home base
before being found.
If they are successful, they can hide again in the
next game.
You may have your own memories of playing a
favorite childhood game.
Find the Antecedent
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5.
The Mayor reviewed the budget and asked
questions about it.
The discussion lasted for hours; it ended with
an argument.
Malcolm and Greg do their homework in the
library.
Many Europeans use bicycles as a means of
transportation to and from their work.
Its location near the Sahara Desert and the
Niger River made Timbuktu a thriving city.
Adjectives
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Adjectives are modifiers – they describe other
words in a sentence.
An adjective modifies a noun or a pronoun. Ex:
Hawaii has titanic waves.
An adjective qualifies or specifies the meaning
of the noun it modifies. It answers one of these
questions: What kind? Which one? How many?
How much? Nouns, pronouns, and even articles
can function as adjectives.
Adjectives
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Articles are the most common adjective –a, an,
and the are articles. Ex: the tall professor; a solid
commitment..
a and an are Indefinite Articles and the is a
Definite Article.
Proper Adjectives are formed from proper
nouns. They are capitalized and often end in –n,
-an, -ian, -ese, or –ish. Ex: American, Japanese, and
Polish
Find the Adjective and the word it
modifies
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6.
Everyone enjoys a relaxing day at the beach.
I can see about ten umbrellas from where I am
standing.
The hot sand burned my feet.
I would never leave that beach again.
The sight of a beach ball ends this daydream.
Little children play quietly with their parents.
Verbs
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A verb is a word used to express action,
condition, or state of being.
An action verb expresses an action (physical or
mental). Ex: create, steal, visualize, believe,
know.
Verbs
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A linking verb connects the subject with a word
or words that identify or describe the subject.
Ex: Judge Bianca is also a professor of law. The
decision remains his.
Auxiliary verbs, also called helping verbs, help
indicate voice, mood, or tense. They are
combined with verbs to form verb phrases. Ex:
The officers had been planning a surprise
retirement party.
Practice: find the verb and indicate if it’s an
action, linking or auxiliary (helping) verb
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5.
Bonnie and Clyde were famous bank robbers
during the 1930s.
In only two years, they killed a dozen innocent
people.
They were wanted by the law for a variety of
crimes.
However, the life of a criminal is often harsh and
short.
Bonnie was seriously injured in an auto accident at
one point.
Adverbs
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An adverb modifies a verb, an adjective, or
another adverb. Ex: The waves crash very
dangerously.
Most adverbs end in –ly. They answer these
questions about the words they modify: How?
Where? When? To what extent?
The word not is an adverb that tells to what
extent. Do not confuse it as part of the verb.
Practice: find the adverb and the word it
modifies
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We cleaned the house thoroughly last week.
Sandra rearranged the furniture yesterday.
Drivers on the expressway must be very
careful.
I heard your question clearly, but I don’t know
the answer.
The city often holds concerts in the park
The wind was bitterly cold during the month of
December.
What is it? Verb, Adverb or Adjective
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We were very definitely told to come to this
door.
The stadium was virtually silent after our
heartbreaking loss.
My grandparents usually go to bed at ten
o’clock.
This speaker chooses her words quite carefully.
You need to be more meticulous when you do
your proofreading.
Prepositions
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A preposition is a word used to show the
relationship between a noun or pronoun and
some other word in the sentence. Ex: He yelled
to the child. He yelled at the child. He yelled
about the child. He yelled near the child.
Prepositions
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A compound preposition is a preposition that
consists of more than one word. Ex: according
to, in addition to, prior to, by means of, on
account of, in place of, in spite of, aside from.
Prepositions
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A preposition always introduces a phrase called
a prepositional phrase, which ends in a noun or
pronoun called the object of the preposition. If
the object has modifiers, they are also part of the
prepositional phrase. Ex: Drag the cursor to the
very last item.
Practice: Find the Preposition
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5.
A quilt is simply a cover for a bed.
But, to many women, it has a deeper
significance.
In colonial America, women often sewed and
assembled quilts together.
These quilting parties were a chance for muchneeded socialization.
Quilts were pieced together from extra cloth
swatches.
Conjunctions and Interjections
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A conjunction is a word used to join words or
groups of words.
A coordinating conjunction connects words or
groups of words that have equal importance in a
sentence. Ex: and, but, or, for, so yet, nor
A conjunctive adverb is an adverb used to clarify
the relationship between clauses of equal weight
in a sentence. Ex: We figured Noah wasn’t
home; still, we rang his doorbell.
Conjunctions and Interjections
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Correlative conjunctions are pairs of
conjunctions that connect words or groups of
words. Always used in pairs, they correlate with
one another. Ex: Neither . . . nor, either . . . or,
not only . . . but also
Subordinating conjunctions introduce
subordinate clauses – clauses that cannot stand
alone. Ex: After Paco tried snowboarding, he
was hooked.
Conjunctions and Interjections
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An interjection is a word or short phrase used to
express emotion. It has no grammatical
connection to other words in a sentence.
Interjections are usually set off from the rest of
a sentence by a comma or exclamation mark.
Ex: Wow! We won! My, I have heard everything
now.
Find the Conjunction and Interjection
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Nutrition is the science that focuses on what we
eat and how our bodies use that fuel.
Well, whether we like this fact or not, the foods
we eat make a difference in our health.
Although we may enjoy greasy foods, they are
not particularly good for us.
Your body tries hard to cope when you supply it
with only junk food.
Yes, a balanced diet includes breads, meat, milk
products, fruits, and vegetables.
THE END