Transcript work

They have a teenage son.
 They are having a teenage son.

She is speaking five languages.
 She speaks five languages.

Oh no! It’s raining.
 Oh no! It rains.

We’re thinking opera is boring.
 We think opera is boring.

Don’t turn off the TV! I watch it!
 Don’t turn off the TV! I’m watching it!

English speaks all over the world.
 English is spoken all over the world.

Manual workers are paid per hour.
 Manual workers pay per hour.

Some birds fly south in winter.
 The Moon goes round the Earth.

A FACT THAT IS ALWAYS TRUE
I live and work in Croatia.
 He prefers coffee to tea.

A FACT THAT IS TRUE FOR A LONG TIME (STATE)
We walk to work.
 She drinks ten cups of coffee a day.

AN ACTION THAT HAPPENS ALL OVER AGAIN (HABIT)

It expresses:
- A FACT THAT IS ALWAYS TRUE
- A FACT THAT IS TRUE FOR A LONG TIME
(A STATE)
- AN ACTION THAT HAPPENS ALL OVER
AGAIN (A HABIT)
POSITIVE & NEGATIVE
I
You
We
They
He
She
It
work
do not work (don’t work)
works
does not work (doesn’t work)
QUESTIONS
do
(Where)
does
I
you
we
they
he
she
it
work?
SHORT ANSWERS
Do you work in a bank?
Yes, I do.
No, I don’t.
Does she live alone?
Yes, she does.
No, she doesn’t.
PASSIVE VOICE
am/are /is + past participle
I am told smoking is forbidden here.
You are ordered to leave this place.
It is done in due time.
Computers are repaired in the other room.
Most verbs add –s to the base form
e.g. wants; eats; helps; drives; drinks…
 Verbs ending in –ss, -sh, -ch, -x & -o add –es
e.g. kisses; watches; fixes; goes…
 Verbs ending in a consonant + y change
the y into –ies
e.g. carries; flies; worries; tries…
 Verbs ending in a vowel + y only add –s
e.g. buys, plays; says; enjoys…

Adverbs of frequency: never, rarely, not
often, sometimes, often, usually, always,
every + noun…
 E.g. I usually eat muffins for breakfast.
He doesn’t often go to bed late.
She never eats meat.
They are usually pretty nervous.
We’re rarely home over the weekend.

I am talking in English.
 You are having a good time.
AN ACTIVITY HAPPENING NOW

We are having some extra lessons this week.
 I am doing a French evening class this year.
AN ACTIVITY TRUE NOW, BUT NOT NECESSARILY
HAPPENING AT THE MOMENT OF SPEAKING

She is working in her Paris office this month.
 He is staying with his friends while in London.
A TEMPORARY ACTIVITY

We are meeting at 8 outside the restaurant.
 She is seeing the doctor tomorrow at 10.
A PLANNED FUTURE ARRANGEMENT

It expresses:
- AN ACTIVITY HAPPENING NOW
- AN ACTIVITY TRUE NOW, BUT NOT NECESSARILY
HAPPENING AT THE MOMENT OF SPEAKING
- A TEMPORARY ACTIVITY
- A PLANNED FUTURE ARRANGEMENT

POSITIVE & NEGATIVE
I
am working / am not working
(‘m working / ‘m not working)
You
We
They
are working / are not working
(‘re working / aren’t working)
He
She
It
is working / is not working
(‘s working / isn’t working)
QUESTIONS
(Where)
am
I
are
you
we
they
is
he
she
it
working?
SHORT ANSWERS
Are you listening to the radio?
Yes, I am.
No, I’m not.
Is she having a good time?
Yes, she is.
No, she isn’t.
PASSIVE VOICE
am/are /is + being + past participle
The house is being redecorated at the moment.
Students’ tests are being evaluated right now.
Most verbs add –ing to the base form
e.g. listening; watching; reading…
 Verbs ending in one –e lose that –e
e.g. having; coming; hoping BUT: BEING!
 Verbs ending in –ee don’t drop on –e
e.g. seeing; agreeing
 One syllable verbs double the last consonant
e.g. stopping; running; getting…
 If the consonant is -y or –w don’t double it
e.g. playing; showing…

now, at the moment, at present, this
week, these days, nowadays, still…
 E.g. We’re watching a good film now.
These days the whole company is
working hard.
Nowadays, children are eating
much more sweets.
I’m taking up gymnastics at present.

Their meanings are related to states or
conditions that are facts, not activities
 Usually are used in simple tenses only, not
continuous

VERBS OF THINKING AND OPINIONS
believe think understand
remember
forget mean
suppose
imagine
expect
realize
doubt agree know
deserve prefer
VERBS OF EMOTIONS AND FEELINGS
like
love
hate
care
hope
wish
want
admit
VERBS OF HAVING AND BEING
belong own have possess contain
need depend on weigh come from
VERBS OF THE SENSES
look
hear
taste
smell
feel
cost seem
resemble
appear


Some state verbs can be used in the continuous
tenses, but with a change in meaning
In the continuous, the verb expresses an activity,
not a state
I think you’re right.
(opinion)
We’re thinking of moving.
(mental activity)
He has a lot of money.
(possession)
She’s having a shower.
(activity)
I see what you mean.
(understand)
Are you seeing Nick tomorrow?
(activity)
The soup tastes awful.
(state)
I’m tasting the soup to see if it’s hot.
(activity)
PRESENT SIMPLE
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
a routine or habit
sth we’re in the middle of
We eat in the canteen most days. We’re having lunch in the canteen.
He walks to work every day.
They’re cycling to work now.
sth permanent
He works in Manchester.
She lives with her parents.
sth temporary
He is working in Liverpool this week.
She’s staying in a hotel at the moment.
by Irene, 2008