Transcript vitaa flaur

Review to begin Latin 3
Advanced
1st Decl
2nd Decl.
(Masc)
2nd Decl.
(Neut.)
3rd Decl. 3rd
(M&F)
Decl.
(Neut.)
i-stems
3rd decl.
(M/F)
i-stems
3rd decl.
(Neut.)
4th Decl. 4th Decl. 5th Decl.
(Masc)
(Neut.)
-a
-us/-ius /-er
- um
varies
varies
varies
varies
-us
-ū
-ēs
-ae
-ae
-am
- ī
-ō
- um
- ī
- is
-ō
- ī
- um - em
- is
- is
- ī
- em
- is
-ūs
-ūs
-ēī
- ī
-uī
-ū
=Nom S
-um
-ū
-ēī
-em
Abl Sing
-ā
-ō
-ō
-e
-e
nouns: -e
adjectives: -ī
nouns: -e
adjectives: -ī
-ū
-ū
-ē
Voc Sing
-a
-e/-ī/-er
- um
=Nom S
=Nom S
=Nom S
=Nom S
-us
-ū
-ēs
Nom
Pl
- ae
- ī
- a
- ēs
- a
- ēs
*-ia
- ūs
-ua
-ēs
Gen
Pl
- ārum
- ōrum
- ōrum
- um
- um
*-ium
*-ium
-uum
-uum
-ērum
Dat
Pl
- īs
- ibus
- ibus
- ibus
- ibus
-ibus
-ibus
-ēbus
Acc
Pl
- ās
- ēs
-a
- ēs
*-ia
- ūs
-ua
-ēs
Abl
Pl
- īs
- ibus
- ibus
- ibus
- ibus
-ibus
-ibus
-ēbus
Voc
Pl
- ae
- ēs
- a
- ēs
*-ia
- ūs
-ua
-ēs
Nom Sing
Gen Sing
Dat Sing
Acc Sing
- īs
- ōs
- īs
- ī
- īs
- a
- īs
- a
- ī
=Nom S
Rule: Since adjectives describe nouns, they
agree with nouns in these
three respects
LATIN
CASE
FUNCTION(S) of CASE
Nominative
1. subject 2. predicate nominative
TRANSLATI
ON
(none)
Genitive 1. shows possession, 2. whenever “of”, ’s, s’, “of”
3. With adjectives of filling
Dative
1. indirect object (with verbs of giving, (to/for)
showing, telling, trusting)
Accusative 1. direct object 2. object of motion
(none)
towards 3. exclamation
Ablative 1. accompaniment 2. means/instrument
3. manner 4. place where 5. object of
motion away from 6. time when 7. time
within which 8. agent (ab/ā) 9. cause 10.
price/cost
Vocative Direct Address
WFBIOU =
with, from,
by/because of,
in, on, out of,
under
Hey! O!
Noun ID Exercise…BkII:195-227… Laocoön and
the Serpents. Underline the nouns & mark their
case. (N=Nom, G = Gen, D = Dative, Acc =
Accusative, Abl = Ablative, V = Vocative)
O queen, you command me to renew unspeakable grief,
how the Greeks destroyed the riches of Troy…
Through the tricks and the skill of perjured Sinon, the thing was
credited, and we were trapped, by his wiliness, and false tears,
we, who were not conquered by Diomedes, or Larissan Achilles,
nor by the ten years of war, nor by those thousand ships.
Then something greater and more terrible befalls
us wretches, and stirs our unsuspecting souls.
Laocoön, chosen by lot as priest of Neptune,
was sacrificing a huge bull at the customary altar.
See, a pair of serpents with huge coils, snaking over the sea
from Tenedos through the tranquil deep (I shudder to tell it),
and heading for the shore side by side: their fronts lift high
over the tide, and their blood-red crests top the waves,
the rest of their body slides through the ocean behind,
and their huge backs arch in voluminous folds.
There’s a roar from the foaming sea: now they reach the shore,
and with burning eyes suffused with blood and fire,
lick at their hissing jaws with flickering tongues.
Blanching at the sight we scatter. They move
on a set course towards Laocoön: and first each serpent
entwines the slender bodies of his two sons,
and biting at them, devours their wretched limbs:
then as he comes to their aid, weapons in hand, they seize him too,
and wreathe him in massive coils: now encircling his waist twice,
twice winding their scaly folds around his throat,
their high necks and heads tower above him.
He strains to burst the knots with his hands,
his sacred headband drenched in blood and dark venom,
while he sends terrible shouts up to the heavens,
like the bellowing of a bull that has fled wounded,
from the altar, shaking the useless axe from its neck.
But the serpent pair escape, slithering away to the high temple,
and seek the stronghold of fierce Pallas, to hide there
under the goddess’s feet, and the circle of her shield.
•ACTIVE verb ENDINGS on this side
•Verb Tenses
Present
ENGLISH
1. verbs
1.
2. am/is/are
2.
verbing
3.
3. do verb; does 4.
verb
Future for 1st/2nd
Conjugations
Imperfect
5.
1.
Future for 3rd4th Conj.
1.
Perfect
Pluperfect
1.
1.
2.
3.
Future Perfect
1.
ENGLISH
1. verbs
2. am/is/are verbing
3. do verb; does verb
Principal Part Needed to Form
1st Person Singular = I
2nd Person Singular = you
3rd Person Sing. = he, she, it
I or II
-
1st Person Plural = we
2nd Person Plural = you
3rd Person Plural = they
Infinitive
-
Imperative Sing.
-
Imperative Plur.
-
-
Present
ENGLISH
2nd Person
Singular =
you
3rd Person Sing.
= he, she, it
1st Person
Plural = we
2nd Person
Plural = you
3rd Person
Plural = they
Future for 1st/2nd
Future for 3rd-
Conjugations
4th Conj.
1.
1.
ō
-
-bō
-am
-s
-
-
-
-t
-mus
-tis
-nt
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1. verbs
1.
2. am/is/are
2.
verbing
3.
3. do verb; does
4.
verb
5.
Principal Part
Needed to Form
1st Person
Singular = I
Imperfect
I or II
-
Present
ENGLISH
1. verbs
2. am/is/are
verbing
3. do verb; does
verb
Principal Part
Needed to Form
1st Person
Singular = I
I or II
ō
Imperfect
1. was/were verbing
2. used to verb
3. kept verbing
4. verbed
(repeatedly)
5. tried to verb
6. began to verb
I or II
2nd Person
Singular =
you
-s
-bam
-bās
3rd Person Sing.
-t
-mus
-tis
-nt
-bat
-bāmus
-bātis
-bant
= he, she, it
1st Person
Plural = we
2nd Person
Plural = you
3rd Person
Plural = they
-
Future for 1st/2nd
Future for 3rd-
Conjugations
4th Conj.
1. will
verb
I or II
1. will
verb
I or II
-bō
-bis
-am
-ēs
-bit
-bimus
-bitis
-bunt
-et
-ēmus
-ētis
-ent
Perfect
ENGLISH
Pluperfect
1.
1.
Future Perfect
1.
2.
3.
Principal Part
Needed to Form
1st Person Singular
=I
III
-ī
-
-
2nd Person
Singular = you
-
-
-
3rd Person Sing. =
-
-
-
1st Person Plural = we
2nd Person Plural = you
3rd Person Plural = they
-
-
-
-
-
-
he, she, it
ENGLISH
Perfect
1. verbed
(once/simply)
2. has/have
verbed
3. did verb
(once/simply)
Principal Part Needed
to Form
1st Person Singular =
I
2nd Person
Singular = you
3rd Person Sing. =
he, she, it
1st Person Plural =
we
2nd Person Plural =
you
3rd Person Plural =
they
Infinitive = “to”
III
-ī
-istī
-it
-imus
-istis
-ērunt
-isse
Pluperfect
Future Perfect
1. had
verbed
1. will
have
verbed
III
III
-eram
-erās
-erat
-erāmus
-erātis
-erant
-erō
-eris
-erit
-erimus
-eritis
-erint
PASSIVE ENDINGS
Present
ENGLISH
1. am/is/are verbed
2. am/is/are being
verbed
Principal Part Needed to Form
I or II
1st Person Singular = I
-
2nd Person Singular = you
-
3rd Person Sing. =
-
he, she, it
1st Person Plural = we
-
2nd Person Plural = you
-
3rd Person Plural = they
-
Infinitive
-
Imperative Sing.
-
Imperative Plur.
-
PASSIVE ENDINGS
Present
ENGLISH
1. am/is/are verbed
2. am/is/are being
verbed
Principal Part Needed to Form
1st Person Singular = I
2nd Person Singular = you
3rd Person Sing. =
he, she, it
1st Person Plural = we
2nd Person Plural = you
3rd Person Plural = they
I or II
-or
-ris
-tur
-mur
-minī
-ntur
Infinitive
-rī (3rd = ī)
Imperative Sing.
-re
Imperative Plur.
-minī
Present
ENGLISH
Imperfect
1. am/is/are
1.
verbed
2.
2. am/is/are
being verbed
Principal Part Needed
to Form
Future for 1st/2nd
Future for 3rd-
Conjugations
4th Conj.
1.
3.
4.
I or II
1st Person Singular
=I
-
-
-bor
-
2nd Person
Singular = you
3rd Person Sing. =
he, she, it
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1st Person Plural =
we
2nd Person Plural = you
3rd Person Plural = they
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Present
ENGLISH
1. am/is/are verbed
2. am/is/are
being verbed
Imperfect
1. was/were (being)
verbed
Future for 1st/2nd
Future for 3rd-4th
Conjugations
Conj.
1. will be verbed
1. will be verbed
I or II
I or II
I or II
-bar
-bāris
-bātur
-bāmur
-bāminī
-bantur
-bor
-beris
-bitur
-bimur
-biminī
-buntur
-ar
-ēris
-etur
2. used to be
verbed
3. kept being
verbed
4. tried to be verb
5. began to be verbed
Principal Part Needed to
Form
1st Person Singular = I
2nd Person
Singular = you
3rd Person Sing. = he,
she, it
1st Person Plural = we
2nd Person Plural =
you
3rd Person Plural =
they
I or II
-or
-ris
-tur
-mur
-minī
-ntur
-ēmur
-ēminī
-entur
PASSIVE ENDINGS
Perfect
1.
Pluperfect
1.
Future Perfect
1.
2.
3.
IV
IV + sumus
IV + esse
IV + erāmus
IV + erimus
Perfect
1. has/have been
verbed
Pluperfect
1. had been verbed
Future Perfect
1. will have been verbed
2. was/ were
verbed
(once/simply)
IV
IV + sum
IV
IV + eram
IV + es
IV + erās
IV + est
IV + erat
IV + sumus
IV + estis
IV + erāmus
IV + erātis
IV + sunt
IV + erant
IV + esse
IV
IV + erō
IV + eris
IV + erit
IV + erimus
IV + eritis
IV + erunt
II. Verb Synopses – A great way to practice verb forms !!!
1. Principal parts + meaning:
Conjugation #:
tenses, etc.
vocō, vocāre, vocāvī, vocātus/a/um = to call
1st Person: 3rd
Latin ACTIVE
Number: Pl.
ACTIVE
↓
Gender: Feminine
Latin PASSIVE
PASSIVE
translation
translation
Present
=
=
Imperfect
=
=
Future
=
=
=
Perfect
=
=
Pluperfect
=
=
=
Present Infinitive
=
=
Perfect Infinitive
=
=
Imperative Sing.
=
re =
Imperative Plural
=
minī =
Future
Perfect
2. Principal parts + meaning:
Conjugation #:
tenses, etc. ↓
videō, vidēre, vīdī, visus/a/um = to see
2nd Person: 2nd
Latin ACTIVE
Number: Sing.
ACTIVE
Gender: Masculine
Latin PASSIVE
PASSIVE
translation
translation
Present
=
=
Imperfect
=
=
Future
=
=
=
Perfect
=
=
Pluperfect
=
=
=
Present Infinitive
=
=
Perfect Infinitive
=
=
Imperative Sing.
=
re =
Imperative Plural
=
minī =
Future
Perfect
3. Principal parts + meaning:
Conjugation #:
tenses, etc. ↓
vincō, vincere, vīcī, victus/a/um = to conquer
3rd Person: 3rd
Latin ACTIVE
ACTIVE
Number: Singular
Latin PASSIVE
Gender: Masc.
PASSIVE translation
translation
Present
=
=
Imperfect
=
=
Future
=
=
=
Perfect
=
=
Pluperfect
=
=
=
Present Infinitive
=
=
Perfect Infinitive
=
=
Imperative Sing.
=
re =
Imperative Plural
=
minī =
Future
Perfect
4. Principal parts + meaning:
Singular
feriō, ferīre, ferīvī, feritus/a/um = to strike
Conjugation #:
4th
Person: 1st
Number:
Gender: M
tenses, etc. ↓
Latin ACTIVE
ACTIVE
Latin PASSIVE
PASSIVE translation
translation
Present
=
=
Imperfect
=
=
Future
=
=
=
Perfect
=
=
Pluperfect
=
=
=
Present Infinitive
=
=
Perfect Infinitive
=
=
Imperative Sing.
=
re =
Imperative Plural
=
minī =
Future
Perfect
5. Principal parts + meaning:
Conjugation #:
3rd
tenses, etc. ↓
Present
Imperfect
Future
Perfect
Pluperfect
Future
trādō, trādere, trādidī, trāditus/a/um = to hand over, surrender
Person: 1st
Number: Pl.
Gender: F
Latin ACTIVE
ACTIVE translation
Latin PASSIVE
PASSIVE translation
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Perfect
Present
=
=
=
=
=
re =
=
minī =
Infinitive
Perfect
Infinitive
Imperative
Sing.
Imperative
6. Principal parts + meaning:
Conjugation #:
tenses, etc. ↓
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussus/a/um = to order
2nd
Latin ACTIVE
Person: 2nd
ACTIVE
Number: Plural
Latin PASSIVE
Gender: M
PASSIVE translation
translation
Present
=
=
Imperfect
=
=
Future
=
=
=
Perfect
=
=
Pluperfect
=
=
=
Present Infinitive
=
=
Perfect Infinitive
=
=
Imperative Sing.
=
re =
Imperative Plural
=
minī =
Future
Perfect
7. Principal
parts + meaning:
Conjugation #:
tenses, etc.
3rd-io
Latin ACTIVE
accipiō, accipere, accēpī, acceptus/a/um = to receive
Person: 2nd Number: Singular Gender: F
ACTIVE
↓
Latin PASSIVE
PASSIVE
translation
translation
Present
=
=
Imperfect
=
=
Future
=
=
=
Perfect
=
=
Pluperfect
=
=
=
Present Infinitive
=
=
Perfect Infinitive
=
=
Imperative Sing.
=
re =
Imperative Plural
=
minī =
Future
Perfect
8.
Principal parts + meaning:
Conjugation #:
4th
tenses, etc. ↓
audiō, audīre, audīvī, auditus/a/um = to hear
Person: 3rd
Number: Plural
Gender: Neuter
Latin ACTIVE
ACTIVE
Latin PASSIVE
PASSIVE
translation
translation
Present
=
=
Imperfect
=
=
Future
=
=
=
Perfect
=
=
Pluperfect
=
=
=
Present Infinitive
=
=
Perfect Infinitive
=
=
Imperative Sing.
=
re =
Imperative Plural
=
minī =
Future
Perfect
II. Verb Synopses – ANSWERS
1. Principal parts + meaning:
Conjugation #:
tenses, etc. ↓
vocō, vocāre, vocāvī, vocātus/a/um = to call
1st Person: 3rd
Latin ACTIVE
Number: Pl.
ACTIVE
Gender: Feminine
Latin PASSIVE
translation
Present
Imperfect
PASSIVE
translation
vocant = they call, they are calling
vocantur = they are being called
vocābant = they were calling, they used
vocābantur = they were (being) called
to call
Future
vocābunt = they will call
vocābuntur = they will be called
Perfect
vocāvērunt = they (have) called, they did
vocātae sunt = they have been called
call
vocāverant = they had called
vocātae erant = they had been called
vocāverint = they will have called
vocātae erunt = they will have been called
Present Infinitive
vocāre = to call
vocārī = to be called
Perfect Infinitive
vocāvisse = to have called
vocātae esse = (to have been called)
Pluperfect
Future
Perfect
Imperative Sing.
Imperative Plural
vocā =
call (!)
vocāre =
be called (!)
2. Principal parts + meaning:
Conjugation #:
tenses, etc. ↓
Present
Imperfect
videō, vidēre, vīdī, visus/a/um = to see
2nd Person: 2nd
Latin ACTIVE
Number: Sing.
ACTIVE translation
Gender: Masculine
Latin PASSIVE
PASSIVE translation
vidēs = you (do) see, you are seeing
vidēris = you are being seen (seem)
vidēbas = you were seeing, you used to
vidēbāris = you were (being) seen (seemed)
see
Future
vidēbis = you will see
vidēberis = you will be seen (seem)
Perfect
vīdistī = you (have) seen, you did see
vīderas = you had seen
visus es = you have been seen (seemed)
visus eras = you had been seen (seemed)
vīderis = you will have seen
visus eris = you will have been seen
Pluperfect
Future Perfect
(seemed)
Present Infinitive
vidēre = to see
vidērī = to be seen, to seem
Perfect Infinitive
vīdisse = (to have seen)
visus esse = to have been seen/to have
seemed
Imperative Sing.
vidē = see (!)
vidēre =
Imperative Plural
vidēte = see (!)
vidēminī =
be seen, Seem (!)
be seen, Seem (!)
3. Principal parts + meaning:
vincō, vincere, vīcī, victus/a/um = to conquer
Conjugation #:
3rd Person: 3rd
Number: Singular Gender: Masc.
tenses, etc. ↓
Latin ACTIVE
ACTIVE
translation
Latin PASSIVE
PASSIVE
translation
Present
vincit = he conquers, he is conquering
vincitur = he is (being) conquered
Imperfect
vincēbat = he was conquering, he used vincēbatur = he was (being) conquered
to conquer
Future
vincēt = he will conquer
vincētur = he will be conquered
Perfect
vicit = he (has) conquered, he did
victus est = he has been conquered
conquer
vicerat = he had conquered
victus erat = he had been conquered
vicerit = he will have conquered
victus erit = he will have been
Pluperfect
Future
Perfect
conquered
Present Infinitive
vincere = to conquer
vincī = to be conquered
Perfect Infinitive
vicisse = to have conquered
victus esse = (to have been conquered)
Imperative Sing.
vince = conquer (!)
vincere = be conquered (!)
Imperative Plural
4.
Principal parts + meaning:
Conjugation #:
tenses, etc. ↓
feriō, ferīre, ferīvī, feritus/a/um = to strike
Person: 1st
Number: Singular
4th
Latin ACTIVE
ACTIVE
Latin PASSIVE
Gender: M
PASSIVE translation
translation
Present
Imperfect
feriō = I strike, I am striking
ferior = I am (being) struck
feriēbam = I was striking, I used to
feriēbar = I was (being) struck
strike
Future
feriam = I will strike
feriar = I will be struck
Perfect
ferīvī = I (have) struck, I did strike
ferīveram = I had struck
ferītus sum = I have been struck
ferīvero = I will have struck
ferītus ero = I will have been struck
Present Infinitive
ferīre = to strike
ferīrī = to be struck
Perfect Infinitive
ferīvisee = to have struck
ferītus esse = (to have been struck)
Pluperfect
Future
ferītus eram = I had been struck
Perfect
Imperative Sing.
ferī =
Imperative Plural
ferīte =
strike (!)
strike (!)
ferīre =
feriminī =
be struck (!)
be struck (!)
Nouns and Declensions
A noun is a:
Underline the nouns in the following sentences and above each noun write “Nom”
if it is the subject of the sentence, “Acc” if it is the direct object, “Dat.” if it is the
indirect object, “Gen” if it shows possession, “ABL” if it is an object of a
with/from/by/in prepositional phrase, “Acc” if it the object of an idea of motion
towards, “Voc” if the noun is being addressed directly, and lastly “Nom” if the noun
is used as a complement with a linking verb
1. Percy slew the minotaur with his sword.
2. Percy is a demigod or a half-blood.
3. Percy is the son of the god, Poseidon.
Underline the nouns in the following sentences and above each noun write “Nom” if
it is the subject of the sentence, “Acc” if it is the direct object, “Dat.” if it is the
indirect object, “Gen” if it shows possession, “ABL” if it is an object of a
with/from/by/in prepositional phrase, “Acc” if it the object of an idea of motion
towards, “Voc” if the noun is being addressed directly, and lastly “Nom” if the noun
is used as a complement with a linking verb
4. Percy lives on Long Island, then moved from his home to Camp Half-Blood.
5. A centaur gave a special pen to Percy, and this pen could turn into a sword.
6. “O Annabeth, how can I ever thank you and Jasper for saving my life?”
7. Annabeth’s mother, Athena, gave her daughter the power of wisdom.
Define the following noun uses. Remember some noun uses play off on the verb.
1a. Subject
1b. Complement
2. Possessor
3. Indirect Object
4. Direct Object
5. Object in a Prepositional Phrase (with, from, by, in)
6. Direct Address:
In the chart below give the function(s) for each Latin case. Also give the basic translation
LATIN CASE FUNCTION(S) of CASE
TRANSLATION
Nominative
(none)
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
1. subject 2. complement
Explain what a case is:
A declension is a system of noun case endings. In Latin there are 5
different declensions. So, a Latin noun belongs to one of the 5
declensions, and to that one only.
Identify the declension of the following words.
hasta, hastae_______ murus, -ī_______
ager, agr ī _______
cibus, cibi_______
senex, senis_______ vīna, vīnae_______
aqua, aquae_______ domina, dominae_______ annus, annī
_______
liber, librī_______
hortus, horti_______
lux, lucis_______
pater, patris_______
mater, matris_______ narrator, -is
_______
oculus, -ī_______
magister, magistrī_______
gladius, -ī_______
Case/Number
1st Declension
(feminine mostly)
2nd Declension
(masculine
mostly)
3rd Declension
Nouns
(fem & masc)
3rd Declension
Adjectives
(fem & masc)
Nom/Voc
Singular
Genitive
Singular
Dative
Singular
Accusative
Singular
Ablative
Singular
Nom/Voc
Plural
Genitive
Plural
Dative
Plural
Accusative
Plural
Ablative
Plural
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Nom:
Voc:
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The 1st Declension
How can you recognize a 1st Decl.
Noun?
What gender are most 1st declension nouns?
The 1st Declension
SINGULAR PLURAL Here are some 1st declension nouns!
ENDINGS ENDINGS
aqua, aquae F.- water
auriga, aurigae M. - charioteer
femina, feminae F.– woman, wife
Nominative insula, insulae F. – island
puella, puellae F. – girl
Genitive scriba, scribae M. - scribe
silva, silvae F. – forest, woods
terra, terrae F. – earth, land
Dative
via, viae F. – road, way, street
vita, vitae F.- life
Accusative CASE
Ablative
-
-
Vocative
-
-
Decline hasta, hastae F “spear” in all cases singular & plural & translate into English.
CASE/NUMBER
LATIN FORMS
Nominative Sing.
hast
spear
Genitive Singular
hast
spear
Dative Singular
hast
spear
Accusative Sing.
hast
spear
Ablative Singular
hast
spear
Vocative Singular
hast
spear
Nominative Plural
hast
spears
Genitive Plural
hast
spears
Dative Plural
hast
spears
Accusative Plural
hast
spears
Ablative Plural
hast
spears
Vocative Plural
hast
spears
ENGLISH TRANSLATION
The 2nd Declension
How can you recognize a 2nd Decl. noun?
Masculine
CASE
SINGULA
PL.
R
ENDINGS
ENDINGS
Here are some 2nd
declension nouns!
Neuter
SINGULA
PL.
R
ENDING
ENDINGS
S
Genitive
-
-
puer, puerī M.- boy; (pl.)
children
hortus, hortī M. - garden
Dative
-
-
lupus, lupī M. - wolf
-
Accusative -
-
ager, agrī M. - field
-
Ablative -
-
saxum, saxī N. – rock
-
Vocative -
-
Nominative -
-
macellum, macellī N. –
market
-
-
Decline ursus magnus, ursī magnī M “the big bear” in all cases & translate into English.
CASE/NUMBER
LATIN FORMS
Nominative Sing.
ursus
Genitive Singular
ursī
urs
magnī
magn
the big bear
the big bear
urs
urs
urs
urs
urs
urs
urs
urs
urs
magn
magn
magn
magn
magn
magn
magn
magn
magn
the big bear
the big bear
the big bear
the big bears
the big bears
the big bears
the big bears
the big bears
the big bears
Dative Singular
Accusative Sing.
Ablative Singular
Vocative Singular
Nominative Plural
Genitive Plural
Dative Plural
Accusative Plural
Ablative Plural
Vocative Plural
ENGLISH TRANSLATION
magnus
the big bear
The 3rd Declension (Nouns)
How can you recognize a 3rd Decl. noun?
Masculine &
Feminine
CASE
SINGULAR
PL.
ENDINGS
ENDINGS
Nominative -
Here are some 3rd
declension nouns!
Neuter
SINGULAR
PL.
ENDINGS ENDINGS
-
pater, patris M.- father
-
Genitive
-
-
mater, matris F.- mother
-
Dative
-
-
sidus, sideris N. - star
-
Accusative -
-
flos, floris M. - flower
-
Ablative
-
-
nox, noctis F. – night
-
Vocative
-
-
lumen, luminis N. – light
-
One good thing about the 3rd declension is that masculine and feminine nouns follow the same pattern.
Decline flumen magnum, fluminis magnī N “the big river” in all cases in the chart & translate into
English.
CASE/NUMBER
LATIN FORMS
Nominative Sing.
flumen
magnum
Genitive Singular
fluminis
magnī
Dative Singular
flumin
magn
magn
Accusative Sing.
Ablative Singular
ENGLISH TRANSLATION
flumin
magn
magn
Vocative Singular
the big river
the big river
the big river
the big river
the big river
the big river
Nominative Plural
flumin
magn
the big river
Genitive Plural
flumin
magn
the big river
Dative Plural
flumin
magn
the big river
Accusative Plural
flumin
magn
the big river
flumin
magn
the big river
The 3rd Declension Adjectives
How can you recognize a 3rd Decl. adjective?
1 termination (1 for M, F, and Neuter): par, paris
2 termination (most common: 1 for M/F, and 1 for Neuter): fortis, forte
3 termination (1 separate nominative for each gender):
celer, celeris, celere
Termination means how many individual forms in the nominative:
The 3rd Declension Adjectives
Masculine & Feminine Here are some 3rd declension
SINGULAR
CASE
Plural
ENDINGS
ENDINGS
Nominative
-
-
Genitive
-
-
Dative
-
-
Accusative
-
-
Ablative
-
-
Vocative
-
-
adjectives!
felix, felicis = happy, lucky
celer, celeris, celere = fast,
swift
ingens, ingentis = huge
immortalis, immortale =
immortal
par, paris = equal
loquax, loquacis = talkative
silens, silentis = silent
vetus, veteris = old
iuvenis, iuvene = young
Neuter
SINGULAR
PL.
ENDINGS ENDINGS
-
-
-
-
-
-
Decline equa celeris, equae celeris F “the fast mare” in all cases in the chart &
translate into English.
CASE/NUMBER
LATIN FORMS
Nominative Sing.
equa
celeris
the fast mare
Genitive Singular
equae
celeris
the fast mare
Dative Singular
equ
celer
the fast mare
Accusative Sing.
equ
celer
the fast mare
Ablative Singular
equ
celer
the fast mare
Vocative Singular
equ
celer
the fast mare
Nominative Plural
equ
celer
the fast mares
equ
celer
the fast mares
equ
celer
the fast mares
equ
celer
the fast mares
equ
celer
the fast mares
Genitive Plural
Dative Plural
Accusative Plural
Ablative Plural
ENGLISH TRANSLATION
The 4th Declension
Masculine (Feminine)
SINGULAR
CASE
PL.
ENDINGS
ENDINGS
Nominative -
Here are some 4th
declension nouns!
Neuter (very few)
SINGULAR
ENDINGS
How can you recognize a 4th
Decl. noun?
-
acus, acūs M.- needle
-
Genitive
-
-
fructus, frucūs M. - fruit
-
Dative
-
-
-
Accusative -
-
complexus, complexūs M.
- hug
manus, manūs F. - hand
Ablative
-
-
Vocative
-
-
cornū, cornūs N. - horn,
wing (army)
genū, genūs N. – knee
-
-
-
PL.
ENDINGS
How can you recognize a 4th Decl. noun?
When you look at a noun (adjective) ending, think of what case it is and number
(singular or plural) and gender (feminine, masculine, or neuter). What gender
are most 4th declension nouns?
Decline exercitus tardus, exercitūs tardī M “the slow army” in all cases
in the chart & translate into English.
CASE/NUMBER
LATIN FORMS
Nominative Sing.
exercitus
tardus
Genitive Singular
exercitūs
tardī
Dative Singular
Accusative Sing.
Ablative Singular
Vocative Singular
Nominative Plural
Genitive Plural
Dative Plural
Accusative Plural
Ablative Plural
Vocative Plural
ENGLISH TRANSLATION
the slow army
The 5th Declension
Feminine (Masculine)
SINGULAR
CASE
Here are some 5th declension
nouns!
PL.
ENDINGS
ENDINGS
Nominative
-
-
Genitive
-
-
Dative
-
-
rēs, rēī F.- thing, matter,
circumstances
rēs publica, rēī publicae F.republic
diēs, diēī M.(F)- day
Accusative
-
-
spēs, spēī F.- hope
Ablative
-
-
faciēs, faciēī F.-– appearance
Vocative
-
-
maciēs, maciēī F.- thinness
How can you recognize a 5th Decl. noun?
When you look at a noun (adjective) ending, think of what case it is and number
(singular or plural) and gender (feminine, masculine, or neuter). What gender
are most 5th declension nouns?
Decline exercitus tardus, exercitūs tardī M “the slow army” in all cases
in the chart & translate into English.
CASE/NUMBER
LATIN FORMS
Nominative Sing.
diēs
fēlix
Genitive Singular
diēī
fēlicis
Dative Singular
Accusative Sing.
Ablative Singular
Vocative Singular
Nominative Plural
Genitive Plural
Dative Plural
Accusative Plural
Ablative Plural
Vocative Plural
ENGLISH TRANSLATION
(the) lucky day