Transcript document

Los Mandatos
(El Imperativo)
Commands
(The Imperative)
Commands? Woof?
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A “command,” or simply the imperative form,
is used to tell someone what to do.
Directions, polite requests, etc.
Yes, even “Sit! Stay!”
Use “por favor;” we’re not animals.
What’s the command in the last sentence?
Use!
In English, it is the verb form without a subject
or subject pronoun.
Can we get some
examples in English?
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Please come in.
Sit down.
Have a cup of coffee.
Tell Mauve I said ‘hi!’
Remember… (yeah, that’s one, too)… it’s the
verb all by itself, without a subject or subject
pronoun.
The “you” is implied but rarely included. You
stop that now!
Ok, I suppose we should do it in
Spanish now…
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There are three possible people/groups you can
be giving instructions TO…
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Usted (Mr./Mrs. Whoever)
Ustedes (all o’ y’all’s, peoples, yous guys, and any
other abomination you can think of for the plural
YOU!)
Tú (a friend, family member, first-name basis)
Also, you can tell someone to DO something
(affirmative) or NOT TO DO it (negative).
Got that?
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Ud. affirmative or negative
Uds. affirmative or negative
Tú affirmative or negative
One at a time, please!
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Hable despacio, por favor.
No hable rapidamente, por favor.
Escriba en la pizarra, por favor.
No escriba mucho, por favor.
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What do you notice?
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The word “Ud.” is missing.
The ending on the verb is not quite what you
expected.
Endings for Ud. Commands
Affirmative
Negative
-e
No …-e
-ER/-IR verbs -a
No …-a
-AR verbs
Samples for Ud. Commands
-AR verbs
hablar
Affirmative
Negative
Hable.
No hable.
-ER/-IR verbs Escriba.
escribir
No escriba.
What about Uds?
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To make a verb plural (when talking to two or
more people), simply add an –n to the Ud.
Command!
Samples for Uds. Commands
-AR verbs
hablar
Affirmative
Negative
Hablen.
No hablen.
-ER/-IR verbs Escriban.
escribir
No escriban.
This all seems easy enough…
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For the most part, it is.
There ARE some verbs that need spelling
changes though.
-car  -que(n)
-gar  -gue(n)
-zar  -ce(n)
Ok, Sra. Cardin, you just lost us.
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No no no, look!
-car
-gar
-zar
Buscar
(to look for)
Llegar
(to arrive)
Comenzar
(to begin)
Busque las llaves. Llegue a las tres.
Busquen la iglesia. No lleguen tarde.
Comience ahora.
No comiencen.
Time to try some!
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6.
7.
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Doblar / Ud.
Buscar / Uds.
Continuar / Ud.
Entrar / Uds.
Comer / Ud.
No correr / Uds.
No mirar / Ud.
No jugar / Uds.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Doble.
Busquen.
Continue.
Entren.
Coma.
No corran.
No mire.
No jueguen.
Irregular Ud./Uds. Commands
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Rule: If the YO form is irregular, the
command form will “kinda sorta” match it
(with the opposite ending)
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tener  yo tengo  Tenga un buen día.
hacer  yo hago  Hagan la tarea.
ir  yo voy  Vaya a la escuela todos los días.
ser  yo soy  Sean buenos, por favor.
Lay it on, what are they all??
conducir (to drive) yo conduzco
Conduzca.
dar (to give)
decir (to say/tell)
poner (to put)
yo doy
yo digo
yo pongo
Dé. / Den
Diga.
Ponga.
salir (to leave)
yo salgo
Salga.
seguir (to follow)
yo sigo
Siga.
traer (to bring)
yo traigo
Traiga.
venir (to come)
yo vengo
Venga.
ver (to see)
yo veo
Vea.
Time to try some!
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3.
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5.
6.
7.
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ver / Ud.
poner / Uds.
tener / Ud.
ser / Uds.
venir / Ud.
No ir / Uds.
No seguir / Ud.
No dar / Uds.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Vea.
Pongan.
Tenga.
Sean.
Venga.
No vayan.
No siga.
No den.
Ok, what about the tú commands?
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Little different from the Ud./Uds. commands...
Ud./Uds. commands  affirmative & negative
are the same form, same spelling
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hable, no hable.... escriba, no escriba
Tú commands  different forms for
affirmative and negative
Affirmative Tú Commands
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Affirmative tú commands tell someone you
know to do something.
The form is the same as the 3rd person singular
(él / ella form)!
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¡Habla conmigo!
¡Baila con Esteban!
¡Come cinco hamburguesas!
¡Escribe una carta!
Well, that was easy enough.
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Yup.
Endings?
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-AR verbs  -a
-ER / -IR verbs  -e
Easy-peasy lemon-squeezy.
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That’s a technical term.
Give the affirmative tú command
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
hablar
cantar
pensar
trabajar
doblar
escoger
traer
comenzar
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Habla.
Canta.
Piensa.
Trabaja.
Dobla.
Escoge.
Trae.
Comienza.
Oh come on, it can’t be THAT easy!
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Ok, you got me, there are a few irregulars.
Irregular Affirmative
Tú Commands
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decir
hacer
ir
poner
salir
ser
tener
venir
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Di.
Haz.
Ve.
Pon.
Sal.
Sé.
Ten.
Ven.
Give the affirmative tú command
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
ganar
dar
salir
tener
poner
tomar
ir
decir
hacer
venir
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2.
3.
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6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Gana.
Da.
Sal.
Ten.
Pon.
Toma.
Ve.
Di.
Haz.
Ven.
You guys are doing great!
So far we’ve done...
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Affirmative and negative Ud. commands
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Affirmative and negative Uds. commands
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-AR  -e [-car/-gar/-zar  -que/-gue/-ce]
-ER/-IR  -a
Some verbs with irregular yo forms.
Add an –n to the Ud. command!
Affirmative tú commands
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-AR  -a
-ER/-IR  -e
Some irregular verbs
The only thing left now is...
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Negative tú commands: “Don’t do it!”
The SAME as the Ud. command, with an –s on
the end!
Negative Tú Commands
Negative Ud. Command
Negative Tú Command
No baile.
No bailes.
No coma.
No comas.
No escriba.
No escribas.
No tenga.
No tengas.
And guess what?
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Any verb that’s irregular in the Ud. command
is ALSO irregular in the negative tú command.
ALWAYS just add an –s to the Ud. command
to get the negative tú command.
Need more examples?
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doble  No dobles.
corra  No corras.
escriba  No escribas.
busque  No busques.
llegue  No llegues.
cruce  No cruces.
diga  No digas.
sea  No seas.
...and we could go on forever.
So to sum up...
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The negative tú command is the opposite
ending with an –s.
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-AR  No ...-es
-ER/-IR  No ...-as
anything irregular for Ud. commands is the
same
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salga  no salgas
tenga  no tengas
practique  no practiques
Give the negative tú command
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
hablar
cantar
pensar
trabajar
doblar
escoger
traer
comenzar
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
No hables.
No cantes.
No pienses.
No trabajes.
No dobles.
No escojas.
No traigas.
No comiences.
Keep going!
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
venir
poner
decir
seguir
practicar
jugar
ser
ir
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
No vengas.
No pongas.
No digas.
No sigas.
No practiques.
No juegues.
No seas...
No vayas.
You got this!
Ok, big review...
+/- Ud.
+/- Uds.
+ Tú
- Tú
-AR
-e
-en
-a
-es
-ER
-IR
-a
-an
-e
-as
varies
add an –n
to Ud.
form
little
words
add an –s
to Ud.
form
irreg.
What about reflexive verbs?
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Well, here are some examples, you tell me!
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Lávate.
Despiértate.
Desayúnate.
Vístete.
Quédate
Cállate.
Ponte.
Vete.
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/
No te laves.
No te despiertes.
No te desayunes.
No te vistas.
No te quedes.
No te calles.
No te pongas.
No te vayas.
What’s the pattern for
Affirmative Commands?
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Examples with tú forms: Lávate, diviértete, ponte,
vete, vístete, relájate, cálmate, cállate, prepárate,
etc.
Same examples with Ud. forms: Lávese, divértase,
póngase, váyase, vístase, relájese, cálmese, cállese,
prepárese, etc.
Take the command form, and add the reflexive
pronoun (te or se) to the end.
If the resulting word is three syllables or more,
place a written accent mark on the stressed
syllable.
Take a peek!
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The sample verb is LAVARSE (to wash up).
Ud. Command
Uds. Command
Tú Command
Lávese.
Lávense.
Lávate.
New Sample!
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The sample verb is DIVERTIRSE (to have fun).
Ud. Command
Uds. Command
Tú Command
Diviértase.
Diviértanse.
Diviértete.
Ok, not bad...
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So just take the command and add the te or se.
Write an accent mark on the stressed syllable if
it’s more than two syllables long.
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(Ponte, vete, etc. don’t need a mark.)
Give the affirmative tú command
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
vestirse
dormirse
levantarse
desayunarse
olvidarse (to forget)
quedarse
irse
ponerse
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Vístete.
Duérmete.
Levántate.
Desayúnate.
Olvídate.
Quédate.
Vete.
Ponte.
Give the affirmative Ud. command
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
vestirse
dormirse
levantarse
desayunarse
olvidarse (to forget)
quedarse
irse
ponerse
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Vístase.
Duérmase.
Levántese.
Desayúnese.
Olvídese.
Quédese.
Váyase.
Póngase.
So... what’s the pattern for
Negative Commands?
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Examples with tú forms: No te laves, no te vayas,
no te quedes, no te olvides, no te duermas, etc.
Same examples with Ud. forms: No se lave, no se
vaya, no se quede, no se olivide, no se duerma, etc.
The te or se now comes before the command,
which is the normal word order anyway.
No need to worry about an accent mark.
That’s easier than the affirmative!
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The sample verb is DORMIRSE (to go to sleep).
Ud. Command
Uds. Command
Tú Command
No se duerma.
No se duerman.
No te duermas.
How about another?
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The sample verb is LEVANTARSE (to get up).
Ud. Command
Uds. Command
Tú Command
No se levante.
No se levanten.
No te levantes.
Give the negative tú command
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
vestirse
dormirse
levantarse
desayunarse
olvidarse (to forget)
quedarse
irse
ponerse
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
No te vistas.
No te duermas.
No te levantes.
No te desayunes.
No te olvides.
No te quedes.
No te vayas.
No te pongas.
Give the negative Uds. command
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
vestirse
dormirse
levantarse
desayunarse
olvidarse (to forget)
quedarse
irse
ponerse
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
No se vistan.
No se duerman.
No se levanten.
No se desayunen.
No se olviden.
No se queden.
No se vayan.
No se pongan.
All done!