Transcript File - Mrs. Ethington

Identify prepositions.
Recognize prepositional
phrases, objects of
Objectives
prepositions, and compound prepositions.
Differentiate between adverbs and prepositional
phrases.
Recognize the functions of prepositional phrases
as adjectives and adverbs.
continued
PP 14-1a
A word that shows a relationship
between a noun or pronoun and
some other word in the
sentence.
The baseball player in the white shirt
hit a homerun.
A word that shows a relationship
between a noun or pronoun and some
other word in the sentence.
on her boat
before noon
in a house
during class
near the goat
about a goon
under a mouse
without a pass
@ Simple prepositions: Prepositions which
consists only one word.
e.g. in, on, at, with, against etc..,
@ Compound prepositions: Prepositions which
consists of two or more words.
e.g. instead of, in the middle of, by the side of
etc..,
Prepositions describe
•Time
•Place
•Direction
Prepositions of Time
Some prepositions show when something happens. They are called
prepositions of time.
Examples:School starts at nine o’clock.
We’re going to the zoo on Saturday.
No, you can’t watch a video. It’s past your bedtime already.
I visited my grandparents during the summer.
You must finish the work by Friday.
I’ll do my homework before dinner.
Prepositions of Place
Some prepositions show where something happens. They are
called prepositions of place.
Examples:Sanny was sitting under a tree.
There’s a wooden floor underneath the carpet.
Some geese flew over their house.
John and Sarah were hiding inside the wardrobe.
There was a tree beside the river.
I have a friend who lives in America.
Prepositions of Direction
Some prepositions show where something is going.
They are called prepositions of direction.
Examples:-
The boys chased after each other.
The football rolled down the hill.
A man was walking his dog along the riverbank.
The freeway goes right through the city.
We were travelling towards Miami.
TRY THIS:
1. A cat was sitting _______the roof of my car. (place)
2. Some people were talking ___the movie. (time)
3. A man was coming____ us on his bike. (direction)
4. The party starts_____ six o’clock. (time)
5. She put the book ____her bag. (place)
6. We walked____ the street to the park. (place)
7. She keeps her slippers____ her bed. (place)
8. We always wash our hands ____meals. (time)
9. She ran ____the dog because she was frightened.
(direction)
In English, the most used prepositions are:
of
to
in
for
with
on
Here are some of the more common prepositions:
A
aboard
about
above
across
after
against
along
alongside
amid
among
amongst
around
as
aside
astride
at
atop
B
barring
before
behind
below
beneath
beside
besides
between
beyond
but
by
C
circa
concerning
considering
D
despite
down
during
E
except
excepting
excluding
F
failing
following
for
from
I
in
including
inside
into
L
like
M
minus
N
near
nearby
next
notwithstanding
O
of
off
on
onto
opposite
outside
over
P
past
per
plus
R
regarding
round
S
save
since
T
than
through
throughout
till
times
to
toward
towards
U
under
underneath
unlike
until
unto
up
upon
V
versus
via
W
with
within
without
worth
Here are some compound prepositions:
according to
by way of
instead of
ahead of
in addition to
on account of
apart from
in front of
prior to
aside from
In place of
with respect to
because of
in spite of
by means of
up on
Prepositions with Adjectives
Prepositions are used with some adjectives. The adjectives in these
examples are printed in color.
Dad was angry with us.
We were afraid of the big dog.
She’s not very interested in sports.
John is very good at drawing.
Mr. Lee is pleased with our work.
The teachers are always kind to us.
What’s wrong with the computer?
Prepositions with Verbs
Prepositions are used with some verbs. The verbs in
these examples are printed in color.
I’m looking for my pencil. Have you seen it?
Can you think of another word for ‘pleased’?
Does this book belong to you?
We’re listening to CDs.
I agree with you.
Tell me about the show you saw.
Cut the cake into five pieces.
They borrowed money from the bank.
Prepositions with Nouns
Prepositions are used with some nouns. The nouns in
these examples are printed in color.
What’s the answer to this question?
Is there a reason for this delay?
What’s the matter with you?
Here’s an example of good behavior.
Congratulations on winning the competition!
Traffic can cause damage to the environment.
Always begins with a
preposition and ends with a
noun or pronoun.
Create sentences for these prepositional phrases:
What is a PHRASE?
• A phrase is a group of words that acts as a single part of
speech (like an adjective or adverb) that does not
contain both a subject and a verb.
It is a fragment of a sentence, so it cannot
express an idea on its own.
• After midnight
• on the roof
• with a Ukranian bullfighter
What’s a PHRASE?
Felcity stared.
• Surprised by the intensity of her disgust, Felicity
stared.
• Surprised by the intensity of her disgust, Felicity stared
at the cockroach.
• Surprised by the intensity of her disgust, Felicity stared
at the cockroach scurrying across her omelet.
Modifies a noun or pronoun
It answers the same questions an adjective
would:
Which one? What kind? How many?
The puppy in the shop window
jumped up.
Modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb
It answers the same questions an adverb
would:
Where?
When?
How?
The puppy jumped to the food.
OBJECT OF THE
PREPOSITION
The noun or pronoun that ends a
prepositional phrase.
The baseball player in the white shirt
hit a homerun.
OBJECT OF THE
PREPOSITION
The noun or pronoun that ends a
prepositional phrase.
on her boat
before noon
in a house
during class
near the goat
about a goon
under a mouse
without a pass
A prepositional phrase can open a
sentence
• Without help, Janie made this message
for Santa.
1) Is this prepositional phrase
working as an adjective or
adverb?
2) What is the object of the
preposition?
Notice: the
comma offsets
the
prepositional
phrase
A prepositional phrase can close a
sentence
• We ate corn dogs and drank root
beer floats after the baseball
game.
1) Is this prepositional phrase
working as an adjective or
adverb?
2) What is the object of the
preposition?
Notice
NO
comma
is
needed
A prepositional phrase can split the main
subject and verb
• All the puppies, except those that
had been trained, pooped
everywhere!
1) Is this prepositional phrase
working as an adjective or
adverb?
2) What is the object of the
preposition?
Notice: commas
offset the
prepositional
phrase
A sentence can have consecutive prepositional
phrases
1
2
• In grandma’s attic, under the window, in a
3
cardboard box between two garbage cans, we
4
found these scary Santa Clauses.
1) Are these prepositional phrase working as adjectives
or adverbs?
2) What are the objects of the prepositions?
Find the prepositional phrases.
1. Three German submarines
surrounded the island
during the night.
Three German submarines
surrounded the island
during the night.
Find the prepositional phrases.
Getting
fresh
water
andand
vegetables
was
2. Getting
fresh
water
vegetables
difficult.
They They
were were
shipped
to theto the
was difficult.
shipped
island.
island.The
Thesubmarines
submarineskept
keptbombing
bombing
the
theships
shipscarrying
carryingthese
theseitems.
items.
Getting fresh water and vegetables was
difficult. They were shipped to the
island. The submarines kept bombing
the ships carrying these items.
Find the prepositional phrases.
3. The roads of ancient Rome
connected the cities of the empire.
The roads of ancient Rome
connected the cities of the empire.
Find the prepositional phrases.
4. Phillip and Timothy along with
Stew Cat floated to a small island.
Phillip and Timothy along with
Stew Cat floated to a small island.
Find the prepositional phrases.
5. After dinner Mom went to a baby shower.
Find the prepositional phrases.
After dinner Mom went to a baby shower.
Find the prepositional phrases.
6. We looked below the sink for a bucket.
Find the prepositional phrases.
We looked below the sink for a bucket.
Find the prepositional phrases.
7. Some jogger ran over the hill and past a lake.
Find the prepositional phrases.
Some jogger ran over the hill and past a lake.
Find the prepositional phrases.
8. In June my cousin went down the Colorado
River In June my cousin went down the
Colorado River.
Find the prepositional phrases.
In June my cousin went down the Colorado
River.
Find the prepositional phrases.
9. During the blizzard the children remained
inside the house.
Find the prepositional phrases.
During the blizzard the children remained inside
the house.
You MUST memorize
the prepositions!
If there is no object of the
preposition (if the preposition
is not part of a phrase), then it
is not a preposition—it is an
adverb.
For Example
The words by, through, and in can be used as adverbs
without objects. When these same words take objects,
they are prepositions.
Casual Fridays are in. (In is an adverb that answers
the question Where? No object follows the word in.)
Causal Friday attire is described in the company
handbook. (In is a preposition. In this sentence, it
takes the object handbook.)
PP 14-6
The gecko climbed up
the wall.
The gecko climbed up.
The gecko climbed up on the
wall.
Identify the prepositional phrases and the
objects of the preposition:
1.The paper with the blue border
is floating through the air.
2. Jordan’s eyes sparkle like a
sunny day.
3. With great ease, Michael
jumped up on the table.
v
1.The paper with the blue border
is floating through the air.
2. Jordan’s eyes sparkle like a
sunny day.
3. With great ease, Michael
jumped up on the table.
Find the prepositional phrases and their objects.
4. After leaving the island of Curacao,
their ship was attacked one day
outside of Panama.
After leaving the island of Curacao,
their ship was attacked one day
outside of Panama.
Find the prepositional phrases and their objects.
5. Phillip ended up on a raft in the
Caribbean Sea. He heard a plane
flying over, but the plane
went on without stopping.
Phillip ended up on a raft in the
Caribbean Sea. He heard a plane
flying over, but the plane
went on without stopping.
1.The tadpoles are below the
surface of the pond.
2. I jumped up and Amy jumped
down.
3. Is Taylor near?
4. Erin looked across the bus to
the purple-haired boy.