Transcript from ますform
Verbal Conjugation Regular I, Regular II, and Irregular verbs You need to be able to do 2 things 1. 2. You need to be able to identify each verb’s type of conjugation, such as regular I, regular II, or irregular verb. You need to know each type’s conjugation rule, such as how to make ない form, -て form, ます form, Potential form, and so on. Step 1 Identifying type of conjugation There are three types of conjugation Regular I (sometimes called 5 vowel or Type I) Regular II (also called as single vowel or Type II) Irregular verbs, such as ある, する, and くる Because it is easier to explain Regular II and Irregular conjugation, we are going to take a look at them first. Regular II (from ますform) To identify Regular II verbs you need to do: From ますform, check the vowel right before ます. If there is either い sound or え sound, it is Regular II. (You can also write the verb in Roma-ji to see if they have “e” or “i” right before “masu.”) Examples: たべます (tabe masu) =to eat みます (mi masu) =to see Regular II (from Dictionary form) From Dictionary form, you also check the vowel before る. If there is either い sound or え sound, it is Regular II. (You can also write the verb in Roma-ji to see if they have “e” or “I” right before “ru.”) Examples: あける (ake ru) =to open みる (mi ru) =to see Attention: Even though かえる (to return) seems Regular II, this is Regular I, because る is what we conjugate （かえらない, かえります, etc.), instead of え, like other Regular II verbs. Regular II (Tips for identifying) え sound Regular II is relatively easy to identify because if there is え sound in front of ます or る, it MUST be Regular II! However, い sound Regular II is hard to identify by looking at ますform. Therefore, I recommend to identify types of conjugation by looking at Dictionary forms. Attention: Some of Regular I verbs end with る, such as はいる, and those need to be memorized since it is impossible to identify types of conjugation by looking neither ます form or Dictionary form. Regular II (Diagram) Conjugation for Regular II verbs is very simple. You simply need to take off “ます” from -ますform or “る” from Dictionary form. （Bold and underlined part doesn‘t change！) Similarly, you simply need to put “られる” in the end for Potential form (=can do) after taking off “ます” from -ますform or “る” from Dictionary form. (In the chart, there are potential form for ます-form and for Dictionary form) ます form たべます みます Dictionary form たべる みる ない form たべない みない って/った form Potential form たべて たべた みて みた たべられます たべられる みられます みられる Irregular Verbs There are only 3 irregular verbs. You can remember those 3 as A-ある S-する K-くる ASK Irregular verbs (Diagram) ます form ありま す します きます Dictionary form ある する くる ない form って/った form Potential form ない あって あった No Potential form して した きて きた できます できる しない こない こられます こられる Regular I If a verb is neither Regular II or Irregular, it is Regular I. Most verbs are categorized as Regular I. Besides –て/–た forms, verbal conjugation isn’t so complicated. Regular I (Basic Rules) In Regular I conjugation, what we have to pay attention to is what letter, not sound, in ひらがな column the verb ends in Dictionary form or right before ます form. Examples: かく (=to write) is か column because く is from かきくけこ よむ (=to read) is ま column because む is from まみむめも ききます (=to listen) is か column because き is from かきくけこ Regular I (Basic Rules Cont) Once you identify what column a Regular I verb ends in: First letter in the column, which includes vowel あ, connect with ない -> ない form. Second letter in the column, which includes vowel い, connect with ます-> ます form. Third letter in the column, which includes vowel う, makes Dictionary form. Forth letter in the column, which includes vowel え, connect with る/ます -> Potential form. (Potential means “can” do a certain action.) Regular I (Diagram) Important Note: For verbs ending with う, such as あう, ない form is --わない. (Take away the letter in the column and put わない!) Memorizing Tip: “In Japanese, there is no expression, ‘Uhh.’” If you translate this sentence to Japanese, it will be; にほんごには“Uhh”はない。＝“う” -> “わない”(はない) ます form Dictionary form Potential form ない form かきます かく かけます/かける かかない よみます よむ よめます/よめる よまない ききます きく きけます/きける きかない あいます あう あえます/あえる あわない Regular I (-て/-た form) Before explaining about て/-た forms: Many teachers and books focus on the letters in front of Dictionary form or ます form. However, here, I recommend teachers and students to focus on the column, instead of the letter. This is because… The reasons Memorizing a single letter is confusing if students have to conjugate from other forms. For instance, If memorized “a Regular I verb ends with す needs to be changed to し to make –て-た form, such as はなす (Dictionary form) to はなして (–て/-た form) But think about if this is from ます form,” … Students, first, have to think dictionary form of はなします, then can make –て/-た form. What if students don’t remember dictionary form? Regular I (-て/-た form) Therefore, I recommend students memorize what column each verb ends. If it is dictionary form, the last letter, and if it is ま す form, right before ます. いかが？(=“how do you like?”) =Verbs ends with か and が columns change to いて わらった(=“laughed”) =Verbs ends with わ, ら, and た columns change to って Caution:(わcolumn includes わいうえを) なまばん=Verbs ends with な, ま, and ば columns change to んで Attention: Conjugation for いく (=to go) does not meet this rule. -て/-た form of いく is いって/いった Regular I (-て/-た forms) Examples: かく is か column and from the rule “いかが” –て/-た form is かいて よむ is ま column and from the rule “なまばん” –て/-た form is よんで はいります is ら column and from the rule “わらった” –て/-た form is はいって かいます is わ column and from the rule “わらった” –て/-た form is かって (There is no あ column in this rule!) Regular I Conjugation Chart ない form かかない ます form Potential form Dictionary form て form / た form かきます かけます かける かく かいて よむ よんで きく きいて あう あって よまない よみます きかない ききます あわない あいます よめます よめる きけます きける あえます あえる