Transcript Greek I - Lesson 6

Greek I
Adjectives
(Chapter 9)
Exegetical Insight – Romans 1:1618
Ouv ga.r evpaiscu,nomai to. euvagge,lion(
du,namij ga.r qeou/ evstin eivj swthri,an panti. tw/| pisteu,onti(
VIoudai,w| te prw/ton kai. {EllhniÅ
dikaiosu,nh ga.r qeou/ evn auvtw/| avpokalu,ptetai evk pi,stewj
eivj pi,stin( kaqw.j ge,graptai( ~O de. di,kaioj evk
pi,stewj zh,setaiÅ
Apokalu,ptetai ga.r ovrgh. qeou/ avpV ouvranou/ evpi. pa/san
avse,beian kai. avdiki,an avnqrw,pwn tw/n th.n avlh,qeian evn
avdiki,a| kateco,ntwn
Exegetical Insight – Romans 1:1618
Ouv ga.r evpaiscu,nomai to. euvagge,lion(
du,namij ga.r qeou/ evstin eivj swthri,an panti. tw/| pisteu,onti(
VIoudai,w| te prw/ton kai. {EllhniÅ
dikaiosu,nh ga.r qeou/ evn auvtw/| avpokalu,ptetai evk pi,stewj
eivj pi,stin( kaqw.j ge,graptai( ~O de. di,kaioj evk
pi,stewj zh,setaiÅ
Apokalu,ptetai ga.r ovrgh. qeou/ avpV ouvranou/ evpi. pa/san
avse,beian kai. avdiki,an avnqrw,pwn tw/n th.n avlh,qeian evn
avdiki,a| kateco,ntwn
Overview of Tonight’s Lesson
 Adjectives:
 have forms very similar to the forms that
we have already learned for the article;
 can serve in 3 different functions:
attributive, predicate, and substantive;
 must agree with the nouns they modify
in case, gender, and number, just as the
article does.
English
 An adjective is?
 A word that modifies a noun or pronoun.
 Different functions of an adjective:
 Attributive – assigning a quality or “attribute”
to the noun it modifies.
 We are learning biblical Greek.
 Substantival – functions as if it were a noun;
does not modify anything.
 r`u/sai h`ma/j avpo. tou/ ponhrou/
 Deliver us from the evil one.
 Predicate – asserts something about the
subject; a form of “to be” must be either stated
or implied.
 The students in my Greek class are excellent.
Form of the Greek Adjective
Adjectives in Greek
 Adjectives in Greek serve the same
functions as they do in English.
 Attributive – this is the most common use in
Greek. Such an adjective must agree in case,
number, and gender with the noun it modifies.
Attributive adjectives can occur in 3 different
positions:
 First Position – o` avgaqo.j a;nqrwpoj
 Second Position – evpe,pesen to. pneu/ma to. a[gion evpV
auvtou,j
 Third Position - basileu.j o` avgaqo,j
Adjectives in Greek
 Substantival – When an adjective functions as a
substantive, its case is determined by its function in
the sentence (as with any noun). Its gender and
number are determined by what it stands for.
 r`u/sai h`ma/j avpo. tou/ ponhrou/
 polloi. profh/tai kai. di,kaioi evpequ,mhsan ivdei/n a] ble,pete
Adjectives in Greek
 Predicate – When an adjective
functions as a predicate, it
“predicates” something about the
subject.
 First Position (adj-art-noun)
 maka,rioi oi` eivrhnopoioi,
 Second Position (art-noun-adjective)
 o` qeo.j avlhqh,j evstin
How Do You Recognize Which
Function?
 With the article before the adjective:
 If there is a noun to modify, then the adjective is
attributive.
 If there is no noun for the adjective to modify,
then it is probably a substantive.
 If the noun has the article but the adjective does
not, then the adjective is functioning as a
predicate adjective. A “to be” verb is a good
indicator for a predicate adjective.
 With no article present, context becomes
the guide to translation.
Odds and Ends
 Article followed by a prepositional phrase:
 la,mpei pa/sin toi/j evn th/| oivki,a|Å
 oi` evk peritomh/j
 evgnw,kate to.n avpV avrch/j
 A 2-2 adjective is one that follows the
second declension for both masculine and
feminine forms; context will determine the
gender.
 Neuter plural subjects often take singular
verbs.
 VAgaphtoi,( mh. panti. pneu,mati pisteu,ete avlla. dokima,zete ta.
pneu,mata eiv evk tou/ qeou/ evstin
For Next Week
 Vocabulary quiz on words through chapter
9.
 Exercise 9 is due. Do as much of this as
you can without looking back to the book.
 Do Review #2 for your own benefit; it will
not be graded, but it can show you what
you need to work on.
 Read Chapter 10, “Third Declension.”
Disregard pp. 73-74; we will continue on
Track 1.
 Check out www.biblicaltraining.org.