Transcript Sentences - COMMClub

Sentences
Use of English
What is a sentence?
• A sentence is a group of words that contains a
subject and a verb and expresses a complete
thought.
• To express a complete thought, a sentence
must say something that makes sense by itself.
A group of words that does not express a
complete thought is a fragment, or a piece of
sentence; it is not a sentence itself.
Sentences v/s Fragments
• SENTENCE: When the judges announced the
winner, everyone applauded.
• FRAGMENT: when the judges announced the
winner.
• SENTENCE: Cara won the essay contest
sponsored by the magazine.
• FRAGMENT: the essay contest sponsored by
the magazine.
Sentences and their purposes
A declarative sentence makes
a statement.
Skydiving is dangerous.
An interrogative sentence asks Is skydiving dangerous?
a question.
An imperative sentence gives
a command.
Be careful when you skydive.
An exclamatory sentence
expresses strong feelings.
How I love skydiving!
What is a subject and a predicate
in a sentence?
• The subject and predicate of a sentence are its
two essential parts. Without both, a group of
words isn’t a sentence.
• The red telephone
Complete subject
rang loudly.
complete predicate
The telephone and the door bell rang loudly.
Complete subject
complete predicate
The red telephone
Complete subject
rang and startled everyone in the
room.
• The simple subject is the word or group of
words that acts, is described, or is acted upon.
• The telephone rang. (Simple subject,
telephone, acts.)
• The telephone is red. (Simple subject,
telephone, is described.)
• The telephone was being connected. (Simple
subject, telephone, is acted upon.)
Subjects
• The complete subject is the simple subject and
its modifiers.
The red telephone rang.
• A compound subject consists of two or more
nouns or pronouns and their modifiers.
 The telephone and the doorbell rang.
Predicates
• The predicate contains the verb in the
sentence. The predicate tells what the subject
is doing or experiencing or what is being done
to the subject.
 The telephone rang.( Rang tells what the
subject, telephone, did.)
 The telephone is red. (Is tells what the subject,
telephone experiences.)
 The telephone was being connected. (Was
being connected tells what was being done to
the subject, telephone.)
• A simple predicate contains only the verb.
 The lawyer listened.
A complete predicate contains the verb and its
modifiers.
 The lawyer listened carefully.
A compound predicate contains two or more
verbs.
 The lawyer listened and waited.
Sentences beginning with here
or there.
• The word ‘here’ or ‘there’ may begin a
sentence, but it is usually not the subject.
• Example: There are two apples left. (What are
left? Apples. Therefore, apples is the subject.)
• There and here may be used as adverbs telling
where.
• Example: There are your gloves. (What are
there? Gloves.)
• Here is my idea. (What is here? Idea.)
Try this exercise
1. Ships sailed an extra 3,000 to 5,000 miles
around South America before the construction
of the Panama Canal.
2. Over 800,000 ships have traveled the 50 miles
of the Panama Canal.
3. The United States has collected about $2
billion from Panama Canal operations.
4. Panama was awarded total ownership of the
Panama Canal by the United States on
December 31, 1999.
What are direct and indirect
objects?
• A direct object is a noun, pronoun, or a group of
words that directly receives the action of a verb
or shows the result of the action. A direct object
answers the question “What?” or “Whom?” after
an action verb.
• Examples: The mechanic fixed their car. (Fixed
what? Car.)
• She asked them to wait in the lobby. (Asked
whom? Them.)
Indirect Object
• An indirect object is a noun or pronoun that
precedes the direct object and tells whom or for
whom (or to what or for what) the action of the
verb is done.
• Direct object: Meli read her report. (Read
what? Report.)
• Indirect object: Meli read us her report. (Read
to whom? Us.)
• Both direct and indirect objects may be
compound.
• Examples: Our family recycles glass and
aluminum. (compound direct object)
• The ski trip had given Lucia and I a wonderful
vacation. (compound indirect object.)
Complements
• A complement is a word or group of words that
completes the meaning of a predicate.
• Example: That book is an autobiography.
• Both Eric and Bob felt confident.
• Notice how the boldfaced words complete the
meanings of the sentence above.