Transcript Stage 1 Notes

Stage 1 Notes
I. Pronunciation-
v is pronounced as a w : villa, servus
letter
c is pronounced like a k : canis, culina
-
pronounce all letters: For example with the word
coquus, you say the u twice. (coq-u-us)
-
ae (dipthong) is pronounced eye: puellae
-long
vowels are spoken twice as long as short
vowels and they will have a long mark. For
example: viā
II. a, an, & the
**There
are no definite articles in Latin** so
you will have to supply –a –an or –the to the
Latin word when you translate a noun into
English.
For
example with the sentence canis est in viá
you translate it into English as the dog is in the
street.
Translate:
The
pater
/ a father.
III. Nouns
Nouns will be listed by the subject form first.
The second form is what we will use to attach
noun
endings to. This is called the dictionary entry.
Subject form

mater,
Attach endings
matrem
In
order for something to be a noun it needs to
have two forms in its dictionary entry.
We
will be learning their function and translation of
the second form later this semester.
IV. Verbs
Verbs
will be listed first by their 3rd person
singular form first followed by their dictionary
form. This is the form that ends in -t.
 Third person singular:
cantat
(from canto, cantare, cantavi)
This form can be translated as: (blank)s or
is (blank)ing or does (blank). It will have a
as its subject.
Ex: filius cantat.
noun
The son is singing / sings/
does sing.
Note
that verbs in the third person Singular like
dormit and latrat can be translated in three
different ways.
coquus
dormit can be translated as the cook
sleeps, the cook is sleeping, or the cook does
sleep.
In
the same way servus laborat can be translated
as the slave works, the slave is working, or the
slave does work.
The
only exemption to this rule is est. It can
only be translated as is.
After
the third person singular form (the form that ends in
-t) you will see three other forms of the verb.
Overall
This
is the dictionary entry.
Translation of
sedet
meaning
of verb
sedet (from sedeo, sedere, sedi): sits/ is sitting, to sit
In
order for something to be a verb it needs to have three
forms in its dictionary entry.
We
will be learning their function and translation of these
forms over the course of this semester.
V. Sentences in LatinIt is extremely important to know that in Latin the
endings tell you how the word is functioning in the
sentence.

Sentences that you see with the verb est often have
the same word order as English sentences.

servus est in hortó.
The slave is in the garden.
coquus est in culíná.
The cook is in the kitchen.
Most
of the time, Latin sentences will not be in
the same word order as your English translations.

servus in culíná dormit.
The

slave is sleeping in the kitchen.
canis in viá látrat.
The
dog is barking in the street.
VI. Prepositional Phrases
The
word in is a preposition.
Any noun right after a prep will form a
prepositional phrase.

The
prep and noun must be translated as a
unit.
Sometimes
that noun will have a different
ending to show it is a part of a prep phrase.
VI. Prepositional Phrases
Examples:
filius in culiná laborat.
The son is working in the kitchen.
mater in tablinó sedet.
The mother is sitting in the study.