Transcript Usool Al Fiqh

Usool Al Fiqh- Lesson 8
•A word may have nominal
(self) meaning or particular
meaning (connecting or
linking)
•Complete/Incomplete
sentence
•Declarative/Exclamatory
sentence
•Linguistic/Conformational
Indication
Division of a word in Grammar
• A Noun (ESIM): indicates the
meaning of a self or a thing, i.e.
Ali, Pen.
• A Verb (FE’L): Indicates the
existence of an action in a
specific time.
Eat, eating , ate.
• A Particle (HARF) : Which is not
a verb and not a noun.
In, on, up, to,…
Division of a word in Logic or USOOL
• In Logic and Usool we deal with the
meanings (MA’NA)
• A word may indicate Nominal
meaning or Particular meaning.
• Nominal meaning: Indicates a self
meaning Ali indicates a self.
• Particular meaning indicates: A tie or
a link or a connection between two
or more meanings, so it does not
have an independent meaning, but it
has linking meaning, which connects
the nominal meaning together.
Particular meaning:
• Example: The fire is burning in the stove.
• (Is) and (in) are HARF or particle in
Arabic language, that means it is linking
or relating the nominal meanings
together in the sentence.
• The proof: Without (is) and (in) the words
will be scattered, and the nominal
meanings will not make any sense( The
fire burning the stove).
• And with the nominal meanings the
particles alone will not make any sense
(in) or (is).
• So we conclude that the HARF or the
Particles have relational or connective
meaning, and can not be
comprehended without the context.
What about the verb???
• It has two in one issue it is compound
of form (shape) and material
(substance): For example Is Biting, it
is same like cast (clay) and mold, the
clay takes the design of the mold, so
if a noun (nominal meaning) is kept
in the pattern or the mold of (is
doing), we will have is biting which is
a present tense.
• So the verb
A bite =
Is doing=
has both
noun
is a form or
nominal & a verbal
or gerund
a shape
Has a
Has a linking
Particular
Nominal
Or relating
meaning.
meaning
meaning
Connection of the nominal meanings
form a sentence (JOMLAH)
• As mentioned that the verb has a
form which has linking meaning,
without the form the nominal
meanings in the sentence will be
scattered, (The boy a bite the cat)
and with the form we have all the
meanings connected
(The boy is biting the cat)
This connection between the nominal
meanings forms a sentence, which
could be complete or incomplete.
The connection is formed by the
particular meaning which could be
formed either by the particles or the
forms of the verbs.
Complete/Incomplete sentence
• As mentioned a sentence is formed by the links or
the connections of the nominal meanings, and
this connection or the tie or the link or the relation
could be blended (IN DI MAJIYAH) or nonblended (GHAYR INDIMAJIYAH).
• Blended or fusional means that all of the nominal
meanings have combined and blended together
as one meaning, so if you say Ali the Brave as you
are saying Ali.
• Non-blended or non-fusional means that the
nominal meanings have not blended into each
other, and are linked with the linking components
such as particles or the form of verbs, and without
these links the nominal meanings will be
scattered. Ali the brave is fighting.
• For this the linguistics define a complete sentence
is the one where silence is appropriate, and an
incomplete sentence is the one which does not
accept silence.
Declarative/Exclamatory sentence
•
The linguistics define the declarative
sentence (JOMLAH KHABARIYAH) :It is a
sentence which accepts to be true or false.
• The Exclamatory or requiring sentence
(JOMLAH INSHAA-EYAH does not accept to
be true or false.
• As mentioned in Logic or Usool the aim is the
meanings, and the type of the link in the
sentence in this case, the link or the
relationship could be in to types:
1. The relation which exists externally, for
example Ali (AS) is Imam, the relation exists
he already is Imam.
2. The relation which has not been existed yet,
and it requires to be existed, for example: O
Imam Mahdi (AJ) please come. So the link
between the requesting person and the
requested has not yet existed, that is why it
can not accept to be true or false. Unlike the
declarative sentence.
Linguistic Indication (TASAWORIYAH)
• It was mentioned previously that the
word is an indicator to its meaning,
and that indication is due to the tie
or the mental link between them, by
which when ever a word is pictured
the minds jumps towards picturing
the meaning of the word and this is
called the linguistic indication,
because the cause of the indication
was the linguistic tie which exists
between the word and the meaning
which was postulated in the
language system.
Conformational Indication (TASDIQIYAH)
•
This type of Dilalah or indication is
caused by the state (HAAL) and the
intention (ERADA) of the speaker, so
based on this there are two levels of
this indication:
1. Intention of usage (Eraada
ISTIMAALIYAH), the speaker is
awake and aware of what he is
speaking.
2. Serious Intention (Eraada Jidiyah),
the speaker is serious and not
joking.