Transcript document

Phrases and
Clauses
THE BUILDING BLOCKS
OF SENTENCES
Ingredients of a
sentence?
• words
• phrases
• clauses
PHRASES
Cannot contain both
a subject and a verb
We’ve studied:
• Prep phrases
• Participial phrases
• Infinitive phrases
• Appositive phrase
PREP PHRASES
(do not contain both subjects and verbs)
• by the baboon
• with the baboon
• near the baboon
INFINITIVE PHRASES
(do not contain both subjects and verbs)
• to dance to the beat
• to do the macarena
PARTICIPIAL PHRASES
(do not contain both subjects and verbs)
• Shuffling around the floor
• Dancing like a maniac
APPOSITIVE PHRASES
(do not contain both subjects and verbs)
• Pepe le Pew, a skunk, speaks French.
• The dog, a flea-bitten mess, howled.
CLAUSE
a group of words
with both
a subject & verb
Check Test…
What’s the
difference between
a phrase & a clause?
INDEPENDENT CLAUSE
a complete thought
that
can stand alone
DEPENDENT CLAUSE
• group of words with
both a subject and verb
• cannot stand alone
(a fragment)
Independent clauses = a foundation
and the frame of the house.
dependent clauses = a decorative feature
that cannot stand alone
Sentence Building
Independent & Dependent
Start constructing with
___________________.
Improve sentence structure by
adding _____________________.
Clause Identification
1. Cross of prep phrases.
2. Double underline ACTION OR BEING verbs.
3. Single underline the subjects.
4. Each separate section with a subject and verb
is PROBABLY a different clause!
5. IDENTIFY INDEPENDENT OR DEPENDENT
DEPENDENT CLAUSES
ADJECTIVE STARTERS
1) THAT
2) WHO
3) WHOM
4) WHOSE
5) WHICH
EXAMPLES
The dog who lives by me is nice.
The show that I watch is good.
Jerry Spinelli is the author
who wrote Maniac McGee.
DEPENDENT CLAUSES
ADVERB STARTERS
after
although
as
when
while
unless
until
because
before
if
since
Examples
1. After I danced,
2. Because he was hungry,
3. Until I get an A+,
4. When I get my new pony,
5. Since I love SpongeBob,
SENTENCE TYPES
1. SIMPLE
2. COMPOUND
3. COMPLEX
4. COMPOUND-COMPLEX
SIMPLE SENTENCE
one independent clause
I like SpongeBob.
COMPOUND
2 or more independent
clauses
I like SpongeBob,
and I like Plankton.
COMPOUND
2 or more independent
clauses
I like SpongeBob; I like Plankton.
How do we punctuate compound
sentences?
1) Semicolon
2) Comma and a conjunction (FANBOYS)
SpongeBob makes Krabby patties.
(join these)
They are quite delicious!
Two ways to punctuate
compound sentences!
• SpongeBob makes Krabby patties;
they are delicious.
• SpongeBob makes Krabby patties,
and they are delicious.
COMPLEX
dependent + independent
Because he makes me laugh,
I like SpongeBob.
DEPENDENT CLAUSE starters
ADVERB STARTERS
After
Although
As
When
While
Unless
Until
Because
Before
If
Since
DEPENDENT CLAUSE starters
ADJECTIVE STARTERS
1) THAT
2) WHO
3) WHOM
4) WHOSE
5) WHICH
Dependent clause punctuation
Add a comma when a
dependent clause starts a
sentence!
Because he makes me laugh,
I like SpongeBob.
Dependent clause punctuation
Add a comma when a
dependent clause starts a
sentence
, I watch
When I want entertainment
SpongeBob.
Dependent clause punctuation
Add a comma when a
dependent clause starts a
sentence
If I get a choice of shows,
I watch SpongeBob.
Dependent clause punctuation
Do not use a comma when the
dependent clause does not begin
the sentence!
I like SpongeBob because he
makes me laugh.
Now, write complex sentences!
Start a sentence with the dependent clause.
Then, rewrite the sentence to end with the
dependent clause.
Use the dependent clause
starter: when
Remember, your clause must have a subject
and a verb!
Here’s my example!
When Gary runs away from home,
SpongeBob is devastated.
SpongeBob is devastated
when Gary runs away
from home.
Write two more complex
sentences!
Use the dependent clause starter: if
If you are hungry,
you should visit the Krusty Krab!
You should visit the Krusty Krab
if you are hungry.
Turn the complex sentence into
a compound-complex sentence!
If you are hungry,
you should visit the Krusty Krab!
COMPOUND COMPLEX
2 INDEPENDENT
+
1 DEPENDENT
EXAMPLES
Because they make me laugh,
I like SpongeBob,
and I like Plankton.
Make complex!
Patrick is annoying
The Hash-Slinging Slasher visits
COMMAS
AFTER INTRODUCTORY WORDS
AFTER INTRODUCTORY PHRASES
AFTER INTRODUCTORY CLAUSES
BETWEEN 2 INDEPENDENT CLAUSES
BEFORE THE CONJUNCTION
Introductory Words
Unfortunately, I love chocolate.
Therefore, I eat it often.
But, I should not eat much.
Thus, I don’t buy much.
Once, I saw a Yettie.
Next, I saw Bigfoot.
Finally, I caught a leprechaun!
Introductory Phrases
To be or not to be, that is the question.
Inside the small garden, there is a
gnome.
(prep phrases of 4 or more)
Introductory
Dependent Clauses
When I grow up, …
Before I become president, …
Since I am so short, …