Transcript Parallel Structure - Mr. Fielder and Mrs. Spence`s English

Parallel Structure
Parallel Structure means using the same
pattern of words to show that two or more
ideas have the same level of importance.
This can happen at three levels:
Word
Phrase – group of words without a
subject/verb
Clause – group of words containing
a subject and a verb
Words and Phrases
Incorrect:
Mary likes hiking, swimming, and to
ride a bicycle.
Correct:
Mary likes hiking, swimming, and
riding a bicycle.
More Examples: Words &
Phrases
Incorrect:
The production manager was asked to
write his report quickly, accurately, and
in a detailed manner.
Correct:
The production manager was asked to write
his report quickly, accurately, and
thoroughly.
Examples continued:
Incorrect:
Angry ants, munched the marshmallows,
crumbling coffeecake, and sipping syrup,
headed off across the countertop.
Correct:
Angry ants, munching marshmallows, crumbling
coffeecake, and sipping syrup, headed off across
the countertop.
Clauses
Parallel structure that begins with clauses must
continue on with clauses.
Incorrect:
The coach told the players that they should get a lot of
sleep, that they should not eat too much, and to do
some warm-up exercises before the game.
Correct:
The coach told the players that they should get a lot
of sleep, that they should not eat too much, and that
they should do some warm-up exercises before the
game
Lists after a colon
Incorrect:
The dictionary can be used for these purposes:
to find word meanings, pronunciations, correct
spellings, and looking up irregular verbs.
Correct:
The dictionary can be used for these purposes:
to find word meanings, pronunciations, correct
spellings, and irregular verbs.
Other things to watch for:
Use parallel structure with pairs of words or
ideas.
Examples:
Granny’s method was tried and true.
Man proposes. God disposes.
Use parallel structure on both
sides of coordinating
conjunctions
(and, but, yet, or, nor, for, so)
Examples:
She possessed all the wizard’s charm yet none of
the wizard’s insight.
Consult a doctor if your coughing persists or if
your coughing worsens over the weekend.
Correct the sentences with
improper parallel structure.
Sabrina has wit, charm, and she has an extremely
pleasant personality.
Sabrina has wit, charm, and a pleasing personality.
Continued In English class, Elizabeth learned to read
poems critically and she appreciated good
prose.
In English class, Elizabeth learned to read
poems critically and appreciate good prose.
ContinuedCoach George was a brilliant strategist, a
caring mentor, and friend.
Coach George was a brilliant strategist, a caring
mentor, and a wise friend.
Continued We found the film repulsive, offensive,
and we thought it was embarrassing.
We found the film repulsive, offensive, and
embarrassing.
Mr. Tran kept his store clean, neat, and he had it
conveniently arranged.
Mr. Tran kept his store clean, neat, and
conveniently arranged.
The End
Make these parallel!!
• 1. We were dirty, hungry, and
without a penny.
• 2. My roommate liked to repair
things around the house and his
own cooking.
• 3. During the day, we went on
long hikes, rowed around the
lake, or just leisure time.
• 4. She returned to pay the rent
and because she had left some of
her things.
• 5. Two things that I found hard
to learn as a freshman were to
get enough sleep and trimming
expenses.
• 1. We were dirty, hungry,
and penniless.
• My roommate liked to
repair things around the
house and to cook.
• 3. During the day, we went
on long hikes, rowed
around the lake, or just had
leisure time.
• 4. She returned to pay the
rent and to pick up some of
her things.
• 5. Two things that I found
hard to learn as a freshman
were to get enough sleep
and to trim expenses.
4/18 Opener: Parallel Structure
1. The requirements for a
chemistry degree are not as
strict as a medical degree.
2. . The reorganization of the
company is neither simple
nor it will be cheap.
3. When I was in high school, I
learned piano and how to
play the guitar.
4. Fred supports the idea
because, first, its simplicity;
second, it is unique.
5. They are either our friends or
they are not.
1. The requirements for a
chemistry degree are not as
strict as the requirements
for a medical degree.
2. The reorganization of the
company is neither simple
nor cheap.
3. When I was in high school,
I learned how to play the
piano and guitar.
4. Fred supports the idea
because, first, it is simple;
second, it is unique.
5. They are either our friends
or our enemies.
4/26 Opener
Parallel Structure: Fix These!
1. The factory workers were ready, able, and were
quite determined to do a great job.
2. The computer network is safer, stronger, and
more secure.
3. We cannot be worried or terrified of difficulties
in life.
4. The actor taught his student how to read, how to
stand, how to cry, and to talk with fans.
5. My roommate was a smart dresser, a good
student, and really knew how to talk.
4/26 Opener Answers
1. The factory workers were
ready, able, and were quite
determined to do a great
job.
2. The computer network is
safer, stronger, and more
secure.
3. We cannot be worried or
terrified of difficulties in
life.
4. The actor taught his student
how to read, how to stand,
how to cry, and to talk with
fans.
5. My roommate was a smart
dresser, a good student, and
really knew how to talk.
1. The factory workers were
ready, able, and determined to
do a great job.
2. The computer network is safer,
stronger, and more secure.
3. We cannot be worried or
terrified of difficulties in life.
4. The actor taught his student
how to read, how to stand, how
to cry, and how to talk with
fans.
5. My roommate was a smart
dresser, a good student, and a
great speaker/conversationalist.
(talker…really?)
Parallel Structure: Fix these
FAST so we can Act!!!!!!
1. Hitler’s followers considered other nations to be
racially inferior and were fit only for slave labor.
2. The best way to combat juvenile delinquency is
not to set up more social agencies but by restoring
old-fashioned discipline in the home.
3. The book told how to build a gun cabinet, how to
build a bookcase, and all types of furniture that you
can make.
4. When I was a member of the basketball team,
everyone met me with a happy smile, made lively
conversation, and I was invited to many parties.
4/27 Opener Answers
1. Hitler’s followers considered
other nations to be racially
inferior and were fit only for
slave labor.
2. The best way to combat
juvenile delinquency is not to set
up more social agencies but by
restoring old-fashioned discipline
in the home.
3. The book told how to build a
gun cabinet, how to build a
bookcase, and all types of
furniture that you can make.
4. When I was a member of the
basketball team, everyone met me
with a happy smile, made lively
conversation, and I was invited to
many parties.
1. Hitler’s followers considered
other nations to be racially
inferior and to be fit only for
slave labor.
2. The best way to combat
juvenile delinquency is not to set
up more social agencies but to
restore old-fashioned discipline in
the home.
3. The book told how to build a
gun cabinet, how to build a
bookcase, and how to make all
types of furniture.
4. When I was a member of the
basketball team, everyone met me
with a happy smile, made lively
conversation, and invited me to
parties.
5/1 Opener: Comma’s??
• 1. The band and the cheerleaders gave the team
plenty of support.
• 2. The coat was lovely yet it was not the coat she
wanted.
• 3. The gentle kind giant helped Jack climb back
down the vine.
• 4. Idaho which is famous for its potato crop is
located in the Midwest.
• 5. Undaunted by the loss Georgette resumed her
law practice.