Transcript Unit 1

Unit 1
Basic Sentence Patterns
1
基本句型
2
主语和谓语
3
SVC结构
4
SV和SVO结构
5
SVOiOd结构 和 SVOCo结构
Questions
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How many hierarchies/ranks are there in
English Grammar, what are they?
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How many parts of speech are there in
English?
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How many sentence members are there in
English?
Five ranks in English Grammar:
morphemes
words
phrases
clauses
sentences
Morpheme 词素
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最小的语法单位，也是最小的语义单位
词素分类：
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自由词素（free morpheme）
粘附词素（bound morpheme）
Free morphemes VS. Bound morphemes
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自由词素：本身有完整意义并能作为简单词单
独使用
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boy, desk, chair, give , take…
粘附词素：本身没有词义或没有完整词义，不
能单独存在，必须粘附其他形式的词素。分为
词缀（affix）和组合形式(combining form)。
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anti-, un-, -ment, -less, -ness …
multi-, -graph, pseudo-, -logue …
派生词VS. 复合词
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派生词(derivative): 自由词素（词根）+词缀
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Kind: kindness, unkind, kindly
Friend: friendly, friendship, unfriendly
复合词(compound word): 自由词素+自由词素
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Book: bookmark, bookworm, bookshop, bookstore
Exercise
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53. Which of the following is a compound
word ?(TEM-4, 2013)
A. Nonsmoker.
B. Deadline.
C. Meanness.
D. Misfit.
词法
According to lexical meaning, form and
function, we have ten kinds of words
n(noun)
Notional
pron(pronoun)
words
adj.(adjective)
Adv.(adverb)
num.(numeral)
v(verb)
Structure
art(article)
words
prep(preposition)
conj(conjunction)
Interj(interjection)
The importance of knowing the kinds of words
adj.
I know a man with
a
double
character.
v.
His income doubled in one year.
n.
She is the double of her mother.
adv.
He paid double for the customized car.
句法
S=Subject
V=Verb
Predicate
Sentence
O=Object
Members
Attri.=Attribute
Adv.=Adverbial
C=Complement
Unit One Basic Sentence Patterns
Analyze
sentences:
c
v
s the following
1. They look like students.
s
v
o
2. One loves her motherland.
S
v
3. He gets up early every day.
v
s
Oi
Od
4. His friend gave him a gift.
s v
o
c
5. We call him Li Ming.
6.They work hard.
S + V
7.The flower is dead.
S+V+C/P
8.Plants need water.
S+V+O
9.He gives me some seeds.
S + V + Oi + Od
10. We should keep the plants in the shade.
S+V+O+C
More examples:
不同类型的动词使用的句型也不尽一样，因此
在学习动词时，应掌握动词的类型。以 get
为例：
He's getting angry.
He got through the window.
You'll get a surprise.
He got his shoes and socks wet.
He got himself into trouble.
He got her a splendid present.
1.1 Basic Sentence Patterns
1)SV
The flowers are blooming.
2) SVC
They are newcomers.
1.1 Basic Sentence Patterns
3) SVO
Thinking requires practice.
4) SVOiOd
The nurse gave him a penicillin shot.
5) SVOCo
The parents consider the child a genius.
A Lebanese who had
left the country for Syria
during the conflict
between Israel and
Hezbollah, returns with
her family following the
ceasefire, at the LebanonSyria border in Magdel
Anjar August 14, 2006.
S + V
A 53-point win over
South Korea wrapped
up a perfect Asian
exhibition tour for a
star-studded U.S. team
on its way to the world
championships.
S +V+O
A policeman removes a check point notice from the
road to the village where bird flu patient were found in
Zhongwei County, northwest Ningxia Autonomous Region,
August 12, 2006. [Xinhua]
s+v+o
First put forward by the French mathematician
Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the
theorem had baffled and beaten the finest
mathematical minds, including a French woman
scientist who made a major advance in working out
the problem, and who had to dress like a man in
order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique.
（NMET2003.C篇）
这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特
提出，曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难，包括一位法
国女科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的
进展，她曾女扮男装为了能够在伊科尔理工学院学
习。
S+V+O
Even though there may
be a tendency in some
rare families to live
extraordinarily long, the
genetic influence that
emerged from the studies
of twins was significantly
less than much of the
public and many scientists
think it is.
S+V+C
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The 230-plus outlying islands that belong to
this bustling metropolis are oases where
green prevails and traditions hold fast.
S+V+C
Do Ex.1 on P. 1
1.2 Subject and Predicate
1.3 SVC
1.4 SV and SVO
1.5 SVOiOd
1.6 SVOCo
Read it by yourself carefully, and do
exercises
The key points:
P6:一些容易混淆的动词
Do exercise 5
Grammar and vocabulary
Ten words and phrases a day
Phrases 参考附录Ⅰ
Choose the best
answers
总
结
1
基本句型
2
主语和谓语
3
SVC结构
4
SV和SVO结构
5
SVOiOd结构
6
SVOCo结构
Identify the clause elements in the
following sentences.
1.Joshua quickly finished his
homework and went out to play.
A.Object:
his homework
B. Adverbial:
quickly, to play
2. The huge black horse easily won
the race.
A.Subject:
the huge black horse
B. Object:
the race
3. People have thought about going
into space for many years.
A.Predicate verb:
have thought about
B. Object:
going into space
4. The snake warms up and crawls
out of the bag.
A.Predicate verb:
warms up and crawls
B. Adverbial:
out of the bag
5. Saturn is one of the most beautiful
planets to look at through a telescope
because of the many rings that
surround it.
A.Complement:
one of the most beautiful planets to look
at through a telescope
B. Adverbial:
because of the many rings that
surround it
6. Neptune takes 165 years to
complete its path, or orbit, around
the sun.
A.Object:
165 years
B. Adverbial:
to complete its path, or orbit,
around the sun
7. How many pairs of shorts should
you and your brother bring?
A.Subject:
you and your brother
B. Object:
how many pairs of shorts
8. What is the most expensive meal
listed on the menu?
A.Subject:
the most expensive meal listed on
the menu
B. Complement:
what
9. The boy scouts (男童子军)teach
their members an “Outdoor Code”
before they camp.
A. Direct Object:
an “Outdoor Code”
B. Indirect Object:
their members
10. Hurricane winds can blow as fast
as 180 miles an hour.
A. Predicate Verb:
can blow
B. Adverbial:
as fast as 180 miles an hour
11. The spiral of heated air and moist
air begins to twist and grow and
spin faster and faster in a
counterclockwise direction.
A. Subject:
The spiral of heated air and moist
air
B. Object:
to twist and grow and spin
12.The direction a hurricane’s spiral
moves is counterclockwise.
A. Subject:
the direction a hurricane’s spiral
moves
B. Complement:
counterclockwise
13. At the North Pole the sun does
not shine for half of the year.
A. Predicate Verb:
does not shine
B. Adverbial:
at the North Pole, for half of the year
14. The cold winds that blow off of
the Arctic Ocean make the North
Pole a very cold place.
A. Subject:
The cold winds that blow off of the
Arctic Ocean
B. Object Complement:
a very cold place
15. These criminals might have been
guilty of murder.
A. Predicate Verb:
might have been
B. Complement:
guilty of murder
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1. 独立完成课后练习
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2. 语法规则清楚并使之
理论联系实际
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3. 预习第2单元
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Wish you a happy and healthy semester !!